浅议医院科研经费核算与管理

科研经费管理是医院科研管理的一个重要环节,是保证医院科研科题完成的条件之一,也是医院财务管理的一个重要方面.通过对医院科研经费核算与在管理中存在的问题进行分析,提出了科研经费管理应加强制度建设,加强、规范科研经费核算及使用,从而使医学科研事业健康发展.     

公立医院科研经费信息系统建设的财务视角

科研经费管理在医院管理中日趋重要,该文从财务管理的角度分析了当前科研经管理中存在的问题,并结合医院科研管理实践,对公立医院科研经费信息系统建设进行有益探索.     

医学院校科研经费规范化管理的探讨

科研经费是科研管理和财务管理的重要组成部分,是开展科学研究活动的重要条件,是科研事业健康发展的重要保证.本文对目前医学院校科研经费管理存在的问题进行探讨,提出了只有规范科研经费管理,才能保证经费的使用效率,实现经费管理的科学性、规范性、合理性,为科研质量和科研水平的提高提供可靠的保障.     

医学院校科研经费规范化管理的探讨

科研经费是科研管理和财务管理的重要组成部分,是开展科学研究活动的重要条件,是科研事业健康发展的重要保证.本文对目前医学院校科研经费管理存在的问题进行探讨,提出了只有规范科研经费管理,才能保证经费的使用效率,实现经费管理的科学性、规范性、合理性,为科研质量和科研水平的提高提供可靠的保障.     

医院科研经费管理中存在的主要问题及对策

医院科研经费管理是整个科研管理的重要组成部分,直接影响着科研项目的有序进行.文章结合上海某三甲医院科研经费管理现状,从科研经费的预算编制、管理体系、过程管理及绩效评价机制等方面分析了当前医院科研经费管理中存在的主要问题,并从科学合理编制科研项目预算、实行科研经费信息化管理、完善院内科研绩效管理办法等5个方面提出了加强医院科研经费管理的对策,从而为建立科学可行的科研经费管理体系,不断完善科研经费管理制度,切实提高科研经费的使用效率提供了切实可行的依据,确保了医院科研工作的顺利进行.     

综合性三甲医院科研经费管理信息化平台的运行现状与优化探讨

通过介绍南京鼓楼医院科研经费管理信息化平台三位一体的管理架构和操作流程,以及科研系统模块,总结其优点,探讨如何更好地优化科研经费管理信息化平台,以促进医院科研管理水平更上一层楼.     

高校附属医院科研经费管理问题

科研经费管理是高校附属医院科研管理的重要内容之一,是推动医学科学研究工作健康有序开展的重要保障.阐述高校附属医院科研经费管理的现状与问题,提出科研经费管理必须遵循一定的原则,并就加强科研经费管理的若干思路及举措.     

科研劳务报酬的纳税误区

结合实际工作,指出了科研经费管理中科研劳务报酬存在的纳税误区,举例分析了科研劳务报酬在不同情况下计算缴纳个人所得税的差别和方法,并阐明依法缴纳个人所得税对加强科研经费管理的重要意义。     

医院科研经费精细化管理策略探讨

医院科研经费的精细化管理有助于科研项目的顺利实施,是医院科研发展的重要保障.北京大学人民医院一直注重科研经费的科学有效管理,不断发现科研经费管理过程中的问题,努力探索科研经费精细化管理的方法与举措,力争保证科研经费的有效使用,促进医院科研工作的可持续发展.     

医院科研经费精细化管理策略探讨

医院科研经费的精细化管理有助于科研项目的顺利实施,是医院科研发展的重要保障.北京大学人民医院一直注重科研经费的科学有效管理,不断发现科研经费管理过程中的问题,努力探索科研经费精细化管理的方法与举措,力争保证科研经费的有效使用,促进医院科研工作的可持续发展.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.