内固定治疗累及距下关节的粉碎性跟骨骨折

目的:探讨切开复位内固定治疗累及距下关节的粉碎性跟骨骨折的临床效果。方法:采用足外侧"L"形切开复位解剖型钢板内固定治疗累及距下关节的粉碎性跟骨骨折患者50例。骨折按Sanders分型:Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ例25例,Ⅳ型19例。均为新鲜骨折。结果:50例患者术后获12～35个月,平均20个月随访。无切口和深部骨性感染发生。所有骨折均获骨性愈合。术后出现切口皮缘坏死2例,经换药后愈合。术前Bohler角、Gissane角及跟骨宽度分别为(13.9±5.1)°、(104.6±8.4)°、(39.8±3.3)mm,术后分别为(32.5±3.3)°、(124.1±6.2)°、(31.8±1.5)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。根据Maryland足部评分系统评定疗效:优25例,良19例,可6例,优良率为88%。结论:足外侧"L"形入路解剖型钢板内固定具有显露充分、关节面复位满意、固定牢靠和并发症少等优点,对于累及距下关节的粉碎性跟骨骨折疗效确切。     

跟骨外固定器和解剖型跟骨钛板固定治疗跟骨骨折疗效比较

目的：比较跟骨外固定器与解剖型跟骨钛板治疗跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法设计跟骨外固定器,并选取我院2010年1月至2014年1月需手术治疗的跟骨骨折90例(96足),按照随机数字表法分为两组各45例(48足),其中A组采用跟骨外固定器固定治疗,B组采用解剖型跟骨钛板内固定治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症,术后Bohler角、Gissane角、Maryland评分。结果90例患者均获得随访10~18个月,平均15.6个月。A、B两组手术时间平均分别为(60.85±4.57) min、(89.56±5.32) min,术中出血量平均分别为(9.35±3.56) ml、(98.62±4.73) mL,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者术后早期并发症发生率为6.3%,术后仅3例出现针道分泌物。B组早期并发症发生率为27.1%,发生浅表感染5足,深部感染1足,局部皮缘坏死7足,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者术后晚期并发症发生率为8.3%,术后2足发生创伤性距下关节炎,2足发生踝关节僵硬。B组术后晚期并发症发生率为10.4%,发生创伤性距下关节炎5足。A、B两组患者术后Bohler角平均分别为(26.98±0.75)°、(27.06±0.94)°,Gissane角平均分别为(122.82±2.36)°、(123.20±2.01)°,Maryland评分平均分别为(90.75±3.25)分、(88.63±5.27)分。两组患者的晚期并发症发生率、Bohler角、Gissane角、Maryland评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论跟骨外固定器固定和解剖型跟骨钛板内固定治疗跟骨骨折均能取得良好的临床疗效,但前者较后者更有优势,可作为优先选择的治疗方法。     

踝关节固定对后足运动的影响

目的　研究后足的运动特点 ,了解踝关节的运动范围及踝关节固定对后足运动的影响 ,为临床足踝疾病的治疗提供理论基础。方法　选用青壮年新鲜含小腿足标本 8个 ,固定于特制的夹具中 ,标记跟骨 ,分别测量踝关节固定前后跟骨标记点在笛卡尔坐标系内的三维位移 ,通过矩阵转换和函数方程 ,计算后足运动角度 ,分析踝关节固定对后足运动的影响。结果　踝关节固定前 ,后足背屈 2 2 .6 2°,跖屈 4 0 .88° ,内翻 18.87° ,外翻 8.87°,内收 17.4 8° ,外展 11.4 7°。踝关节固定后 ,后足背屈 3.70°、跖屈 5 .87°、内翻 15 .99°、外翻 8.6 2°、内收 7.6 4°、外展 3.99° ,后足在三个平面上的运动均受到明显影响。结论　踝关节和距下关节共同构成后足的三维运动 ,两者间关系密切 ,临床治疗中应尽量保留踝关节的功能。     

跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗

目的:探讨跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗。方法:2007年6月-2010年8月共收治17例(25足)跟骨关节内骨折患者,术中采用开放复位H型钢板内固定,复位后跟骨后关节面骨质缺损明显者取自体髂骨植骨。结果:跟结节角由术前10.3°±5.8°恢复至术后39.2°±2.3°,跟骨体-丘部高度由术前(37.2±3.0)mm恢复至术后(43.8±2.0)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月X线片示骨折全部获骨性愈合,对比术后X线片未见明显骨关节炎征象。术后根据Kerr标准评定:优17足,良7足,可1足,优良率为96%。结论:开放复位钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折充分恢复了跟结节角、距下关节面的平整,可维持相关动力装置的正常张力,消除了移位骨折块对软组织的不良刺激。     

撬拨疗法治疗压缩型跟骨折

跟骨折是跗骨折中最常见的类型 ,约占全部跗骨折的6 0 %。其中压缩骨折约占 6 0 %～ 70 % ,常导致足弓严重塌陷、距下关节破坏及腓肠肌松弛等一系列严重后果 ,预后较差。我院 1998年 1月— 2 0 0 3年 1月运用撬拨疗法治疗压缩型跟骨折 4 5例 ,疗效满意 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1.　一般资料　男 38例 ,女 7例。年龄 2 0～ 6 5岁 ,平均 32岁 ,受伤时间均 <12d。受伤原因 :高处坠落伤 31例 ,车祸伤12例 ,运动伤 2例。X线片示跟骨的结节关节角 :0°～ 2 5° 2 5例 ,0°～ - 10° 2 0例 ,跟骨体宽度增宽 ,内外翻移位 ,距下关节面塌陷。1.2　…     

跟骨骨折的X线平片诊断

目的 探讨跟骨骨折的X线表现及诊断相关问题。方法 对20例跟骨骨折的X线平片进行分析。结果 距下关节内骨折14足，其中跟骨外侧距下关节面塌陷骨折9足，跟骨全距下关节面塌陷骨折5足；距下关节外骨折8足，其中跟骨结节纵行骨折3足，跟骨结节水平骨折2足，载距突骨折2足，前突骨折1足。结论 根据X线平片表现，结合正确检查方法和某些测量，对跟骨骨折可作准确诊断并提出分型，其分型对诊断治疗有指导意义。     

经距下关节横切口隧道置入螺栓加压钢板治疗跟骨骨折

目的 探讨距下关节横切口隧道置入螺栓加压钢板治疗跟骨骨折的临床效果.方法 2011年1月-2011年4月应用距下关节外侧横切口入路,解剖型螺栓加压钢板内固定治疗累及距下关节的跟骨关节内骨折26例30足,其中SandersⅡ型10足,Ⅲ型15足,Ⅳ型5足.所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～12个月,平均8.8个月.结果 术后无切口感染、血管神经损伤、内固定松动、腓骨长短肌腱炎等并发症,2例SandersⅣ型患者出现距下关节疼痛,经X线片证实有距下关节创伤性关节炎.跟骨长度、高度、宽度、Bohler's角、Gissan's角恢复满意.应用Maryland跟骨骨折功能评分进行评价,其中优19例,良6例,可1例,优良率96.2%.结论 经距下关节横切口隧道置入螺栓加压钢板治疗跟骨关节内骨折创伤小、并发症少、临床效果满意.     

跟骨后距下关节面压缩骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨跟骨后距下关节面压缩骨折切开发位克氏针内固定植骨的手术治疗。方法：38例(41个跟骨)跟骨后距下关节面压缩骨折，采用切开复位克氏针内固定加植骨术治疗。结果：经38足平均随访3．7年，总优良率76．32％。结论：1．外侧入路利于整复跟骨塌陷移位的关节西骨折块及跟骰关节；2．在腓骨肌腱腱鞘“桥”下操作，可减少后遗症；3．以距骨后距下关节面为模板，用骨刀复位，有利于后距下关节面的复位控制，且副损伤小；4．1．5mm的细克氏针足以起到固定作用，且创伤小；5．跟骨短缩、跟骨增宽及内外翻畸形的矫正，Bohler′s角、Gissane角及跟骨大体形态的恢复很重要；6．植骨起到填充、支持和促进骨折愈合的作用，植骨是必要的；7．术后在医生指导下的程序化、个体化的早期积极功能锻炼也很重要。     

107例维吾尔族青年足跟骨Gissane''''s角及跟距角(B(非汉字符号)hler''''s角)的测量及临床意义

目的 :研究新疆维吾尔族青年跟骨 Gissane's角及跟距角 (Boehler's角 )的数值范围 ,为临床医学及人类学提供依据。方法:拍摄 10 7例正常右侧跟骨侧位片 ,其中男性 5 3例 ,女性 5 4例 ,分别测量男、女性 Gissane's角及跟距角并进行统计学分析。结果:维吾尔族青年跟骨 Gissane's角男性为 12 3.2°± 6 .1°(10 4 .5～ 135 .7°) ,女性为12 4 .6°± 6 .2°(110 .4～ 135 .8°) ,无性别差异 ,与内地汉族比较 ,无族别差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。跟距角男性为 35 .1°± 5 .2°(2 2 .5～ 4 7.2°) ,女性为 35 .1°± 5 .6°(2 3.6～ 4 8.2°) ,无性别差异 ,与内地汉族比较 ,有族别差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论 :Gissane's角无性别和族别差异 ;跟距角无性别差异 ,而有族别差异     

小切口分次撬拨复位植骨内固定治疗跟骨骨折

目的：探讨小切口分次撬拨复位植骨内固定治疗跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法：2006年1月至2009年3月对27例30足跟骨骨折,伤后2d内先行钢针撬拨恢复Blher角,肿胀减退后采用足外侧沿距下关节横形小切口,暴露距下关节面,拔除撬拨钢针,复位距下关节面并行植骨,最后再行撬拨复位固定。结果：23例26足获得随访,随访时间8-36个月,平均16个月。术后切口均一期愈合,无皮肤坏死和切口感染,Blher角及Gissane角均较术前明显改善（P〈0.05）。患者负重行走6个月,跟骨高度无明显丢失。依据美国足踝骨科协会的足部评分标准（AO-FAS）评定,优18足,良6足,可2足,优良率92.3%。结论：小切口分次撬拨复位植骨内固定是一种治疗跟骨关节内骨折的有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.