甜菜碱体外抑菌活性的研究

目的 研究甜菜碱对临床病原菌的体外抑菌活性.方法 采用试管二倍稀释法进行体外抑菌试验,测定甜菜碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度.结果 甜菜碱对4种病原菌标准菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为大肠杆菌的MIC 6.25 mg/ml、铜绿假单胞菌的MIC 3.125 mg/ml、金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC 6.25 mg/ml、白色念珠菌的MIC 25 mg/ml.结论 甜菜碱对4种病原菌的标准菌株都有明显的抑菌作用,尤其对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值最低.     

洋铁酸模提取物体外抑真菌作用活性部位筛选研究

目的研究洋铁酸模提取物体外抗真菌活性,筛选其抗真菌作用活性部位。方法本实验采用滤纸片法、连续稀释法,测定洋铁酸模提取物对36株临床常见皮肤癣菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值。结果洋铁酸模乙酸乙酯提取物对红毛癣菌的生长有较明显的抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为30 mg/mL;对白色念珠菌的抑制作用很弱,最小抑菌浓度为120 mg/mL。抑菌成分在40,60℃下（处理2 h）较稳定,在80℃以上热稳定性较差。结论洋铁酸模提取物可抑制真菌生长,筛选出的活性部位为乙酸乙酯层。     

苦参碱和氧化苦参碱体外抑菌浓度研究

目的研究苦参碱、氧化苦参碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的体外抑菌活性。方法采用试管二倍稀释法进行体外抑菌试验,测定苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对上述4种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果苦参碱对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为12.5mg.mL-1;对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌的MIC均为25mg.mL-1;氧化苦参碱对上述4种病原菌的MIC均大于50mg.mL-1。结论苦参碱对4种临床分离率高的感染菌具有明显的体外抑菌作用。     

虎杖免煎颗粒与氟康唑联合抗白色念珠菌效果

目的研究虎杖免煎颗粒与氟康唑的体外联合抗白色念珠菌作用。方法借助临床分离的白色念珠菌13株,通过微量液基稀释法测定虎杖免煎颗粒的抗真菌作用及其与氟康唑的联用时的抗真菌作用。结果虎杖免煎颗粒对氟康唑敏感白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)平均值为74.67 mg/ml,对耐药白色念珠菌的MIC平均值为237.71 mg/ml;虎杖免煎颗粒与氟康唑联合应用对敏感白色念珠菌表现为相加或无关作用,对耐药白色念珠局表现为协同作用。虎杖免煎颗粒与氟康唑联合应用对敏感白色念珠菌的分数抑菌浓度指数(FICI)平均值为0.81,对耐药白色念珠菌的FICI平均值为0.35。结论虎杖免煎颗粒本身具有一定的抗白色念珠菌作用,与氟康唑联合应用对敏感菌表现为相加或无关作用,对耐药菌表现为协同作用。     

1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-[(4-取代)-哌嗪-1-基]-2-丙醇的合成及其抗真菌活性

目的:研究不同取代哌嗪侧链的引入对三唑醇类化合物抗真菌活性的影响.方法:设计合成了11个三唑醇类新化合物;选择8种真菌(白色念珠菌,新生隐球菌,热带念珠菌,近平滑念珠菌,红色毛癣菌,羊毛状小孢子菌,紧密着色真菌及薰烟曲霉菌)为实验菌株,进行体外抑菌活性测试.结果:目标化合物对8种真菌特别是深部真菌均有一定的抑制活性,其中有7个化合物对白念珠菌的MIC80值≤0.125 μg/ml,是氟康唑活性的4倍以上,与伊曲康唑活性相当.结论:脂水分配系数和立体化学因素的改变对该类化合物体外抑菌活性有较大影响.     

莪术挥发油主要成分莪术醇的体外抗真菌活性研究

[目的]观察莪术挥发油主要成分莪术醇的体外抗真菌活性.[方法]采用试管培养基稀释法测试莪术醇对13株皮肤癣菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MFC).[结果]莪术醇对石膏样小孢子菌上海株、红色毛癣菌上海株的MIC大于50μL/mL,对白色念珠菌武汉株32035、大脑状毛癣菌上海株的MIC为50μL/mL,对其他...     

北豆根、山豆根水煎液对白色念珠菌的抗菌作用

目的研究北豆根、山豆根水煎液对白色念珠菌的作用。方法用沙氏培养基二倍稀释法测定药物对白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)值,采用菌落法绘制时间-抑菌率曲线。结果北豆根水煎液对白色念珠菌的MIC为80mg/L,山豆根水煎液对白色念珠菌的MIC为25mg/L。两药液无MBC。结论北豆根水煎液能抑制白色念珠菌生长,抑制作用弱于山豆根水煎液,山豆根水煎液抑菌较强。     

体外甲真菌病模型的建立及甲板内氟康唑药敏试验

目的建立体外甲真菌病模型并探讨抗真菌药物在甲板内的抗真菌活性。方法建立体外甲真菌病模型:剪取正常人甲,用2.5%NaOH浸泡变软,分别接种红色毛癣菌、石膏样毛癣菌、白色念珠菌和克柔念珠菌,在马铃薯葡萄糖(PD)液体培养基培养30d后取病理切片并行PAS染色,观察各甲板中是否有真菌侵入。甲板内氟康唑药敏试验:根据体外药基法最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值,配制100×MIC、10×MIC、1×MIC3个梯度的10%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)氟康唑透甲液,浸泡软化的甲板,再接种4种致病菌培养,镜下观察甲切片。只有管内全部甲板均未见真菌结构,方判定该菌种对相应浓度下氟康唑敏感。结果在体外甲真菌病模型试验中,甲板角质层遭破坏,可见数目不等的菌丝孢子,形态与甲真菌病病甲切片所见一致,证明离体甲真菌病模型建立。在测定甲板中氟康唑抗真菌活性时,只有石膏样毛癣组菌100×MIC浓度管内甲板均未见真菌结构,将此值与体外所测MIC值对比,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论(1)在正常人离体甲板上接种真菌,可建立体外甲真菌病的感染模型。(2)要达到抑制真菌的作用,甲板内氟康唑浓度必须要高于体外所测MIC值。     

体外甲真菌病模型的建立及氟康唑甲板内药敏试验

目的建立体外甲真菌病模型并探讨抗真菌药物在甲板内的抗真菌活性。方法建立体外甲真菌病模型:剪取正常人甲,用2.5%NaOH浸泡变软,分别接种红色毛癣菌、石膏样毛癣菌、白色念珠菌和克柔念珠菌,在马铃薯葡萄糖(PD)液体培养基培养30d后取病理切片并行PAS染色,观察各甲板中是否有真菌侵入。甲板内氟康唑药敏试验:根据体外药基法最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值,配制100×MIC、10×MIC、1×MIC3个梯度的10%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)氟康唑透甲液,浸泡软化的甲板,再接种4种致病菌培养,镜下观察甲切片。只有管内全部甲板均未见真菌结构,方判定该菌种对相应浓度下氟康唑敏感。结果在体外甲真菌病模型试验中,甲板角质层遭破坏,可见数目不等的菌丝孢子,形态与甲真菌病病甲切片所见一致,证明离体甲真菌病模型建立。在测定甲板中氟康唑抗真菌活性时,只有石膏样毛癣组菌100×MIC浓度管内甲板均未见真菌结构,将此值与体外所测MIC值对比,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论(1)在正常人离体甲板上接种真菌,可建立体外甲真菌病的感染模型。(2)要达到抑制真菌的作用,甲板内氟康唑浓度必须要高于体外所测MIC值。     

三种生物碱体外抑菌活性的测定

目的：研究甜菜碱、苦参碱、氧化苦参碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的体外抑菌活性。方法：采用试管二倍稀释法进行体外抑菌试验,测定苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对上述4种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果：体外实验结果表明,对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌四种病原菌标准菌株的MIC：甜菜碱分别是6.25、3.125、6.252、5 mg/mL;苦参碱分别是12.5、25、252、5 mg/mL;氧化苦参碱均大于50 mg/mL。结论：三种生物碱在体外对受试菌具有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中甜菜碱对上述四种病原菌的体外抑菌效果较苦参碱和氧化苦参碱要好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.