单肺通气时预防低氧血症及肺内分流的临床研究

[目的]探讨肺癌手术单肺通气时,不同潮气量对病人氧合和肺内分流的影响及预防的措施。[方法]择期行肺癌手术病人40例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,随机分为4组。A组:单肺通气潮气量V_(T,a)=6mL·kg~(-1);组:单肺通气潮气量V_(T,b)=8mL·kg~(-1);C组:单肺通气潮气量V_(T,c)=10mL·kg~(-1);D组:单肺通气潮气量V_(T,d)=6mL·kg~(-1)+非通气侧持续气道正压(p_(CPA)=0.2kPa),每组10例。并在仰卧双肺通气20min,仰卧单肺通气20min,侧卧单肺通气20min,40 min和关胸即时,分别取动脉血做血气分析并计算分流率(Q_s/Q_t)。[结果]在单肺通气后20 min,40min时;B,C和D组氧合明显高于A组,分流率(Q_s/Q_t)明显低于A组(P<0.05),气道压力A和D组明显低于B和C两组(P<0.05)。[结论]肺癌手术行单肺通气期间,潮气量应维持在8～10mL·kg~(-1),如 V_T=6 mL·kg~(-1)。建议非通气侧给予持续CPAP,有助于提高氧合,减少肺内分流,减少低氧血症的发生率。     

CPAP对单肺通气氧合的影响

目的:探讨应用一种持续气道正压(CPAP)系统,对单肺通气下开胸病人的无通气肺施加持续气道正压,观察无通气肺接受持续气道正压时对动脉氧合的影响。方法:择期需在单肺通气下开胸手术病人20例,按美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级;随机分为对照组(A组)和CPAP组(B组),每组各10例。A组在单肺麻醉期间非通气侧肺的支气管导管直接开口于大气中;B组单肺通气期间非通气侧持续给予CPAP(P=0.3kPa)。于仰卧双肺通气30m in、仰卧单肺通气30m in、侧卧单肺通气30m in、60m in、关闭胸腔双肺通气时,分别采取动脉血样做血气分析。结果:单肺通气后,B组氧合明显高于A组(P<0.05)。结论:单肺通气期间,非通气侧持续给予CPAP,有助于提高氧合,减少肺内分流,可明显降低低氧血症的发生率,提高病人的安全性。     

持续气道正压对单肺通气中低氧血症的预防作用

目的观察手术中单肺通气(OLV)期间应用持续气道正压(CPAP)对低氧血症预防的效果。方法40例开胸手术病人随机分为A、B两组,每组20例,均在OLV时应用CPAP,A组压力2 cmH2O,B组5 cmH2O。观察两组OLV不同时期氧分压(PaO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)和pH值的变化。结果与双肺通气时相比,两组在OLV期间PaO2均明显降低(P<0.01),Qs/Qt均明显增加(P<0.01)。两组在CPAP期间,PaO2明显增加(P<0.01),Qs/Qt明显降低(P<0.01)。两组相比,各时点无显著差异。结论开胸手术中OLV期间,对非通气侧肺应用CPAP可明显提高氧分压,减少肺内分流,降低低氧血症的发生率。     

单肺通气期间不同吸入氧浓度对血液氧合及肺内分流的影响

目的比较单肺通气(OLV)期间不同吸入氧浓度对血液氧合及肺内分流的影响。方法选择26例开胸食管癌根治术患者,随机分为两组,每组13例,A组:吸入100%氧气,B组:吸入氧浓度(FIO2)70%,观察各组双肺通气(TLV)期间,侧卧位开胸40min时OLV的动静脉血气分析,并计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)。结果TLV时A组PaO2较B组明显升高(P<0.01),Qs/Qt也明显升高(P<0.05)。单肺通气时,A组PaO2、Qs/Qt较B组明显升高(P<0.01),SVO2CvO2也明显升高(P<0.05)。所有患者OLV时较TLV相比,PaO2、SVO2明显下降,Qs/Qt明显升高(P<0.01),CaO2明显下降(P<0.05),B组PVO2明显下降(P<0.05)。结论OLV期间吸入高浓度氧时,PaO2、SVO2、CvO2和Qs/Qt较吸入低浓度氧时明显升高,适当降低FIO2,可以减少Qs/Qt降低肺内分流。     

单肺通气期间非通气侧肺持续给氧对氧合及肺内分流的影响

目的探讨单肺通气（OLV）期间非通气侧肺持续吹入氧对减少肺内分流和预防低氧血症的作用。方法择期开胸手术患者22例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为对照组（A组）、观察组（B组）2组,每组各11例。B组在OLV期间非通气侧肺持续吹入氧气（1～3L／min）,A组在OLV期间非通气侧肺的支气管导管直接开口于大气中;并于OLV前（T1）、OLV 30min（T2）、OLV 60min（T3）、关胸双肺通气（TLV）30min,分别采动脉血作血气分析并计算肺内分流率（Qs／Qt值）。结果在OLV 30min及OLV 60min时,B组动脉血氧分压显著高于A组（P〈0．05）;OLV 30min时B组Qs／Qt显著低于A组（P〈0．05）。结论OLV期间非通气侧肺持续吹入氧气可以明显提高动脉血氧分压,减少肺内分流,减小低氧血症的发生率。     

持续气道正压通气对胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术患者单肺通气时肺内分流和氧合的影响

目的观察胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术患者单肺通气(one lung ventilation,OLV)时非通气侧肺持续气道正压(continuous positive airway pressure,CPAP)通气对肺内分流和氧合的影响。方法 80例择期行胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术患者,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为4组(n=20):对照组(单肺通气时非通气侧支气管导管与大气相通)及CPAP 2 cmH2O组、CPAP 5 cmH2O组、CPAP 8 cmH2O组(单肺通气时非通气侧肺分别给予2、5、8 cmH2O的CPAP处理)。分别于单肺通气前(T1)、单肺通气30 min(T2)、60 min(T3)、90 min(T4)、120 min(T5)采血行血气分析,根据公式计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)。结果对照组和CPAP2 cmH2O组T2～T5各时点Qs/Qt较T1明显增高,动脉血氧分压[p(O2)]明显降低(P<0.05);CPAP5 cmH2O组和CPAP8 cmH2O组T2～T5各时点Qs/Qt较T1亦有增加,p(O2)亦有降低,但差异无显著性(P>0.05);T2～T5各时点,CPAP 5 cmH2O组、CPAP 8 cmH2O组Qs/Qt明显低于对照组和CPAP 2 cmH2O组,p(O2)明显高于对照组和CPAP 2 cmH2O组(P<0.05),而CPAP 5 cmH2O组与CPAP 8 cmH2O组在上述各时点Qs/Qt、p(O2)无统计学差异(P>0.05)。胸外科医师对对照组、CPAP 2 cmH2O组、CPAP 5 cmH2O组手术侧肺萎陷满意度优于CPAP 8 cmH2O组,各组手术时间无差异(P>0.05)。结论胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术患者单肺通气时对非通气侧肺实施5 cmH2O和8 cmH2O的CPAP可减少肺内分流,明显提高p(O2),防止低氧血症的发生;5 cmH2O的CPAP有利于术野暴露,满足手术操作。     

开胸手术单肺通气时行PEEP和CPAP对氧合作用的影响及麻醉管理

目的:评价开胸单肺通气麻醉时行呼气未正压通气(PEEP)和连续气道正压通气(CPAP)对患者血氧合作用的影响。方法:选择40例开胸行肺叶切除的单纯肺癌患者,随机分为A、B两组。A组于手术开始后15min(A1),单肺通气后15min(A2),患侧肺0cmH2OPEEP健侧肺5cmH2OPEEP后15min(A3)、患侧肺5cmH2OCPAP健侧肺0cmH2OPEEP后15min(A4)、患侧肺5cmH2OCPAP健侧肺5cmH2OPEEP后15min(A5)。分别监测平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2、混合静脉血氧分压(PvO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、混和静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2),计算分流值(Qs/Qt)。B组用10cmH2OPEEP和10cmH2OCPAP重复上述过程。结果:与A2相比,A3、A4和A5PaO2显著增加,Qs/Qt值显著降低(P<0.05),但A3、A4、A5间相比较差异则无显著性(P>0.05)。B组各时点的各项指标变化与A组类同。结论:在开胸行单肺通气麻醉时,健肺使用PEEP、患肺使用CPAP或联合使用PEEP和CPAP,能提高患者手术中的氧合作用,降低Qs/Qt值,与5cmH2OPEEP和CAMP比较,10cmH2OPEEP和CPAP不能进一步改善PaO2和Qs/Qt。麻醉管理应采取措施,预防低氧血症。     

开胸食管手术患者单肺通气对肺内分流的影响

目的:观察开胸手术单肺通气(OLV)非通气侧持续气流吹氧对肺内分流的影响。方法:24例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期需单肺通气的开胸手术病人,随机分成Ⅰ组(对照组N=12例)Ⅱ组(观察组N=12例)。两组术中连续监测ECG、HR、SPO2、MAP、PETCO2。并分别与麻醉前(T1)、麻醉后开胸前(T2)、开胸OLV后30m in(T3)、OLV后60m in(T4)、关胸双肺通气(TLV)30m in(T5)测定动脉血和混合静脉血血气,计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)。结果:两组病人麻醉侧卧位后肺内分流率显著增加(P<0.01)。OLV后30m in和60m in肺内分流率进一步增加,且两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:开胸手术单肺通气时,非通气侧肺持续气流吹氧可减少肺内分流率。     

单肺通气时紧闭与开放非通气侧肺对肺内分流的影响

【目的】探讨单肺通气时紧闭与开放非通气侧肺对减少肺内分流。预防低氧血症的作用。【方法】择期食管癌剖左胸手术病人30例,随机分二组,常规全麻诱导双腔气管插管后,先期施行双肺控制通气;手术切开肋间肌将近剖开左胸时,改为单肺通气控制呼吸。Ⅰ组:单肺通气(OLV)期,非通气侧肺萎陷后该侧导管紧闭,与大气不相通,作为观察组;Ⅱ组:在单肺通气期,非通气侧肺的导管开放,与大气相通,作为对照组。两组病人在麻醉前、剖开胸前及剖开胸后OLV30、60min分别取动脉血样即时血气分析测定,根据有关数据值计算肺内分流率(Qa／Qt)。【结果】在单肺通气30、60min时,两组病人OLV期Qa／Qt比较:OLV30min时,Qa／QtⅠ组为17.32±4.52显著小于Ⅱ组21.65±3.14(P<0.05);OLV60min时,Qa／QtⅠ组为18.98±3.75仍小于Ⅱ组的22.51±2.10(P<0.05)。【结论】单肺通气期间,紧闭非通气侧肺可以减少肺内分流,减小低氧血症的发生率。     

开胸手术前单肺通气体位对血液氧合的影响

目的比较开胸手术前单肺通气(OLV)期间不同体位对血液氧合及肺内分流的影响。方法 60例择期开胸食管癌根治术患者,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,于开胸前仰卧位双肺通气30min(T1组,n=20)、仰卧位单肺通气30min(T2组,n=20)、侧卧位单肺通气30min(T3组,n=20),分别进行动脉血气分析、静脉血气分析,并计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)。结果与T1组比较,T2组动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、混合静脉血氧分压(PvO2)、动脉血氧含量(CaO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、混合静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2)和静脉血氧含量(CvO2)均明显下降,Qs/Qt明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),T3组PaO2、SaO2明显下降,Qs/Qt明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),PvO2、SvO2、CaO2和CvO2无明显变化。与T2组比较,T3组PaO2、PvO2、SaO2、SvO2和CvO2明显升高,Qs/Qt明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论侧卧位单肺通气时血液氧合明显优于仰卧位单肺通气。应尽量减少仰卧位时单肺通气的时间,或避免仰卧位时应用单肺通气。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.