关节镜下LARS人工韧带及4股半腱肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的评价LARS人工韧带和自体4股半腱肌肌腱关节镜下重建膝前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效。方法对28例膝ACL断裂患者行关节镜下ACL重建术,根据重建材料的来源分为LARS人工韧带组（13例）和自体4股半腱肌肌腱组（15例）。采用ACL解剖等长重建技术建立胫骨、股骨骨道。并对两组的关节稳定性和Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行对比研究。结果术后膝关节稳定性LARS人工韧带组优于4股半腱肌肌腱组（P〈0.05）。移植后两组Lyshrolm膝关节功能评分较移植前提高（P〈0.05）。术后6个月LARS人工韧带组Lysholm评分（90.4分±5.3分）高于4股半腱肌肌腱组（81.2分±4.7分）（P〈0.05）。结论在关节镜下重建ACL术中,LARS人工韧带可作为自体材料的良好替代物。     

关节镜下3种移植物重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床效果

目的 应用自体骨-1/3髌腱-骨(B-PT-B)、异体腘绳肌腱(ST/G)和LARS韧带进行关节镜下重建前交叉韧带(ACL),比较不同移植物的临床疗效.方法 选择3种不同移植物分别对92例ACL损伤患者行关节镜下重建ACL,术后积极康复锻炼.结果 各组膝关节Lysholm评分在术后3、9、18个月均较术前改善.异体ST/G组术后3个月Lysholm评分低于另外两组(P＜0.05),术后9、18个月与自体B-PT-B组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后3、9、18个月LARS组Lysholm评分明显高于另外两组(P＜0.05).结论 3种不同移植物均能明显改善膝关节功能,近期LARS韧带改善优于自体B-PT-B和异体ST/G.     

关节镜下LARS韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的早期临床疗效比较

目的回顾性研究LARS韧带和自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的早期临床疗效。方法自2008年7月～2011年2月对54例ACL损伤分别行关节镜下LARS韧带和自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL,腘绳肌腱组31例,LARS韧带组23例,分别对其术前术后行Lysholm、Tegner、IKDC评分,并选取最近一次随访结果进行统计分析。结果术后LARS韧带组的膝关节Lysholm、Tegner、IKDC评分略高于腘绳肌腱组,但两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 LARS韧带和自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL能明显改善患者的功能,LARS韧带组和自体韧带组有相似的早期疗效,且恢复时间明显缩短。     

自体四股胭绳肌腱与LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带临床疗效比较

目的 对照研究自体四股胭绳肌腱(4SHG)与LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带(ACL)手术的早期临床疗效.方法 对52例ACL损伤分别应用4SHG或LARS人工韧带作为移植物进行关节镜下重建.均在术前及术后3、6、12和24个月进行Lysholm、Tegner、IKDC评分.结果 术后24个月LARS人工韧带组和自体4SHG组3种膝关节功能评分都较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后12个月LARS人工韧带组ACL重建的3种膝关节功能评分值均显著高于4SHG组(P＜0.01);至术后24个月时数值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 关节镜下应用LARS人工韧带和4SHG重建ACL术后24个月随访临床效果满意,LARS人工韧带在术后早期的功能改善方面有着显著的优势,膝关节功能恢复更快.     

关节镜下解剖等长重建技术在重建前交叉韧带中的应用

[目的]探讨前交叉韧带(ACL)解剖等长重建技术在关节镜下应用的可行性及近期疗效.[方法]对20例前交叉韧带损伤行关节镜下ACL重建木.采用前交叉韧带解剖等长重建技术钻胫骨、股骨骨道.移植物用LARS人工韧带11例,用四股半腱肌股薄肌腱9例.LARS人工韧带用2枚界面螺钉固定韧带,四股半腱肌股薄肌腱股骨端用Endobutton固定、胫骨端用可吸收界面螺钉固定.[结果]手术时间LARS人工韧带组30～80 min,平均56 min.四股半腱肌股薄肌腱组80～120 min,平均100 min.20例均随访6～12个月,平均9个月.根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分,LARS人工韧带组术前评分22～65分(36.72±15.54)分;术后6个月评分80～98分(90.45±4.68)分(t=10.535,P＜0.01).四股半腱肌股薄肌腱组术前评分20～60分(37.11±12.26)分;术后6个月评分75～87分(80.44±4.16)分(t=9.615,P＜0.01).术后6个月LARS人工韧带组与四股半腱肌股薄肌腱组评分在统计学上有显著差异(t=10.569,P＜0.01).[结论]前交叉韧带解剖等长重建技术在关节镜下重建前交叉韧带术中操作简便,效果可靠,值得推广.LARS人工韧带组近期疗效明显优于四股半腱肌股薄肌腱组.     

关节镜下重建前交叉韧带移植物的选择与疗效比较

目的 比较分析膝关节镜下自体和异体骨-髌腱-骨、自体半腱肌腱、异体胫前肌肌腱、LAPS人工韧带五种重建前交叉韧带方法的疗效.方法 回顾分析112例膝关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨移植、23例自体半腱肌肌腱移植、87例异体骨-髌腱-骨移植、126例异体胫前肌肌腱、28例LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带的情况.采用Lysholm评分、IKDC分级和KT-1000评价疗效.结果 前四组中期关节稳定性及功能差异无统计学意义.LAPS人工韧带近期效果与其他移植物相比有统计学意义.自体骨-髌腱-骨组膝前痛发生率高,异体骨-髌腱-骨排斥反应发生率高于异体胫前肌肌腱.结论 关节镜下前四种前交叉韧带替代物重建前交叉韧带的疗效大致相同,但LARS人工韧带近期效果优于其他移植物.     

自体与γ射线照射和非照射异体骨-髌腱-骨重建前十字韧带的比较研究

目的 比较自体与γ射线照射和非照射异体骨-髌腱-骨(bone patellar tendon bone,B-PT-B)重建膝关节前十字韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的临床疗效.方法 107例ACL断裂患者随机分为三组:36例采用自体B-PT-B(自体组),36例采用深低温冷冻保存异体B-PT-B(异体组),35例采用γ射线照射深低温冷冻保存异体B-PT-B(γ射线组).由同一术者采用标准关节镜技术完成ACL重建.结果 自体组(36例)平均随访39.5个月、异体组(34例)36.3个月、γ射线组(33例)37.6个月.(1)自体组术中髌骨骨折1例、术后膝前痛2例,异体组出现迟发感染1例.自体组手术时间较异体组、γ射线组长,术后发热天数较异体组、γ射线组短.(2)自体组、异体组轴移试验、Lachman试验或前抽屉试验及KT-2000检测结果 的差异无统计学意义,与γ射线组比较差异均有统计学意义.γ射线组ACL重建失败率(36%)高于自体组(8%)、异体组(9%).三组Daniel单腿水平跳跃试验、IKDC评分及Lysholm-Tegner运动水平评分的差异无统计学意义.结论 深低温冷冻异体与自体B-PT-B重建ACL短期疗效接近.经γ射线照射后异体B-PT-B重建ACL的膝关节前后及旋转稳定性均降低.     

自体与γ射线照射和非照射异体骨-髌腱-骨重建前十字韧带的比较研究

目的 比较自体与γ射线照射和非照射异体骨-髌腱-骨(bone patellar tendon bone,B-PT-B)重建膝关节前十字韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的临床疗效.方法 107例ACL断裂患者随机分为三组:36例采用自体B-PT-B(自体组),36例采用深低温冷冻保存异体B-PT-B(异体组),35例采用γ射线照射深低温冷冻保存异体B-PT-B(γ射线组).由同一术者采用标准关节镜技术完成ACL重建.结果 自体组(36例)平均随访39.5个月、异体组(34例)36.3个月、γ射线组(33例)37.6个月.(1)自体组术中髌骨骨折1例、术后膝前痛2例,异体组出现迟发感染1例.自体组手术时间较异体组、γ射线组长,术后发热天数较异体组、γ射线组短.(2)自体组、异体组轴移试验、Lachman试验或前抽屉试验及KT-2000检测结果 的差异无统计学意义,与γ射线组比较差异均有统计学意义.γ射线组ACL重建失败率(36%)高于自体组(8%)、异体组(9%).三组Daniel单腿水平跳跃试验、IKDC评分及Lysholm-Tegner运动水平评分的差异无统计学意义.结论 深低温冷冻异体与自体B-PT-B重建ACL短期疗效接近.经γ射线照射后异体B-PT-B重建ACL的膝关节前后及旋转稳定性均降低.     

早期关节镜下同种异体骨-腱-骨重建前后交叉韧带急性损伤

目的探讨同种异体骨-腱-骨（B-PT-B）同时重建膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）、后交叉韧带（PCL）急性损伤的临床疗效。方法在关节镜下早期使用同种异体B-PT-B重建ACL、PCL急性损伤患者22例。结果22例均获随访,时间1618个月。患者屈膝范围从术前7990（85.5±4.5）°提高到术后134140（138±1.5）°,Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前023（8.6±3.0）分提高到术后8596（92.0±3.6）分（P〈0.01）。未发现感染、移植物断裂、排异反应等。结论早期关节镜下应用同种异体B-PT-B重建ACL、PCL急性损伤,具有手术操作简便、创伤小、免疫排斥反应小、术后并发症少的优点,能最大限度恢复患者膝关节的本体感觉功能及运动功能。     

同种异体骨-髌腱-骨重建前交叉韧带术后骨隧道扩大的分析

目的 探讨同种异体骨-髌腱-骨(B-PT-B)重建前交叉韧带(ACL)术后股骨和胫骨的骨隧道的改变及其对临床疗效的影响.方法 2004年1月～2005年12月对30例ACL断裂患者在关节镜监视下应用同种异体B-PT-B单束重建ACL.术后膝关节功能锻炼采用保守的康复训练方案.分别于术后1周和12个月应用磁共振测量股骨和胫骨骨隧道关节面内口的直径.术后12个月以Lysholm评分观测膝关节功能,应用KT-1000测量膝关节屈30°时的胫骨相对活动度. 结果本组30例ACL重建患者术后33%(10/30)的患者出现股骨和(或)胫骨骨隧道扩大,其中69%(11/16)的骨隧道扩大范围在2～6 mm;骨隧道扩大各级别之间的Lysholn疗效评分、术后KT值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 同种异体B-PT-B移植重建ACL术后骨隧道可有不同程度的扩大;骨隧道扩大小于6 mm时,对膝关节的功能恢复无明显影响.     

关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定腘绳肌重建前交叉韧带疗效评价

目的评价关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定腘绳肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)的效果。方法27例患者(27膝)经关节镜检查证实均为ACL断裂,采用关节镜下自体腘绳肌重建ACL,生物可吸收螺钉解剖位固定重建韧带。结果所有病例均得到随访,时间6~24个月,均无术中、术后并发症,切口均一期愈合。IKDC综合评定:术前异常10例、严重异常17例,术后正常9例、接近正常16例、异常2例。Lysholm膝关节功能评分:由术前33~60分(平均45.7分)提高至83~96分(平均90.3分),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL手术创伤小、固定确实、操作简捷,近期疗效满意。     

保留残端半腱肌和股薄肌双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下半腱肌股薄肌保留残端双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效。方法回顾自2006年1月～2008年1月,本组在关节镜下联合应用半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL患者20例其中男18例,女2例,年龄17～46岁(平均31.5岁)。取腱器分别切取半腱肌、股薄肌编织成股,保留前叉韧带在股骨、胫骨的附着点残端,于ACL前内侧束和后外侧束附着部分别钻隧道,用半腱肌腱重建前内侧束,股薄肌腱重建后外侧束,以enderbutton悬吊固定股骨端,挤压螺钉固定胫骨端肌腱。所有患者术前及术后12个月行前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、Lysholm评分方法评定膝关节功能。结果术后随访14～48个月,平均31个月。术前患者前抽屉试验均为阳性,Lachman试验阳性13例,术后前抽屉试验3例屈膝60°位阳性,1例屈膝30°位阳性,其余均转阴性。5例Lachman试验仍阳性,但患者术后无膝关节不稳。2例患者术后胫骨前伤口瘢痕红肿凸起,给予切开引流后良好愈合。用Lysholm膝关节功能评分法评定术后疗效,术前评分为38～49分,平均43.5分,术后14个月为69～92分,平均80.5分,优13例,良5例,可2例,优良率为90.0%。结论应用自体肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL,术后膝关节动态稳定性好,疗效满意。     

保留残余束支及残端纤维重建前交叉韧带

[目的]探讨保留残余的束支以及断端纤维进行前交叉韧带重建的方法及意义。[方法]关节镜下证实前交叉韧带损伤47例,其中部分束支断裂15例,完全断裂26例,韧带松弛6例。对前交叉韧带部分损伤的束支或韧带松弛者予以保留,对完全断裂的残端不做清理,采用自体四股腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带,股骨端采用Rigid-Fix固定,胫骨端采用IntraFix固定。[结果]术后均得到随访,时间12~24个月,平均19个月,术后膝关节稳定性增强,Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前平均68.6分,术后平均94.9分,较术前提高26.3分。Lachman试验阴性43例,弱阳性3例,阳性1例。按Insall膝关节疗效评定标准,优38例,良9例。[结论]保留残余韧带重建ACL,有助于移植肌腱再血管化和本体感觉的建立,有利于维持膝关节的稳定性。     

Twenty-Year Experience of a Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a four-strand semitendinosus tendon was started in our department in July 1994. The motivation for starting the procedure was that the EndoButton with an inside-out procedure instrument became available in Japan. A review article of our DB ACL reconstruction procedure was summarized for the twentieth anniversary of the surgical procedure. Initial tension setting of the two grafts was changed in the first 8 years to achieve better stability during DB ACL reconstruction. A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was started in July 2002 to clarify superiority of the DB procedure to single-bundle (SB) reconstruction under the concept of anatomic reconstruction. Several anatomic studies were performed to describe normal ACL anatomy, which is essential for realizing anatomic reconstruction. A remnant-preserving technique would be an additional option for our DB procedure to improve reconstruction outcomes. Thus, a new remnant-preserving DB procedure was started in 2012. The reproducibility of the new procedure was investigated using three-dimensional computed tomography images. More complex procedures were performed using a transtibial technique and EndoButtons. Initial tension balancing between the two grafts was important for a better outcome. Superiority of knee stability after the DB compared to that after the SB procedure was clarified by the RCT. However, no patient consensus has been reached on any subjective advantage to the DB procedure. Studies of normal ACL anatomy have left questions unresolved regarding where the two tunnels should be created for direct and indirect insertions based on normal anatomy. A new remnant-preserving DB ACL procedure has been practiced. The procedure was more reproducible with respect to creating the femoral tunnel. DB ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus tendon is an attractive option when pursuing a better outcome for patients.     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。方法在关节镜下采用4股自体腘绳肌腱、Endobutton钢板联合可吸收界面螺钉重建ACL治疗28例ACL损伤患者。结果 26例获得随访,时间4～20(12±2.3)个月。术后膝关节功能均在正常范围内,Lachman试验阴性23例,阳性3例(但终末点均"硬");Lysholm评分:术前为28～65(35.2±12.53)分,术后为90～98(93.12±5.10)分。结论关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL创伤小,手术操作简便,效果可靠。     

胭绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带后半腱肌腱再生的B超研究

目的研究腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带后半腱肌腱再生的情况.方法随访15 例行四股绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的病例,以高频B超在屈膝30°观察取腱部位,并以对侧正常膝作对照.结果随访15 例患者中均可见到半腱肌腱的再生,平均随访10个月,信号与对侧正常肌腱相似,关节内侧水平线上4 cm处横断面大小与对侧比较无显著性差异,再生肌腱附着点与对侧相比偏近端3.1 cm.结论绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带后可有类似于正常肌腱的半腱肌腱再生,横断面与正常肌腱相似,但附着点偏近端.     

腘绳肌腱结嵌压固定法重建交叉韧带的临床应用与生物力学研究

目的探讨腘绳肌腱结嵌压固定法重建交叉韧带的可行性。方法对52例陈旧性前、后交叉韧带损伤患者在关节镜下行双股腘绳肌腱中间打结,嵌入瓶颈状股骨隧道内固定,胫骨端采用肌腱编织缝合在骨桥上打结固定,重建交叉韧带。其中前交叉韧带25例,前、后十字韧带同时重建15例,后交叉韧带12例。生物力学实验采用猪膝关节。股骨端固定分为肌腱结嵌入组(n=13)和骨髌腱骨(B PT B)介面螺钉固定组(B PT B介面钉组,n=11)。胫骨端固定分为肌腱编织缝合线在骨桥打结组(n=7)、肌腱编织缝合介面螺钉组(n=8)。进行最大拔出强度、最大位移和固定刚度等力学实验。结果术后随访49例,平均14 6个月,Lanchman试验阴性46例,阳性3例。术后Lysholm评分由术前56 7分提高到92 8分。按膝关节疗效评定标准,优46例,良3例。生物力学实验最大拔出强度肌腱结嵌入组高于B PT B介面钉组;固定刚度肌腱结嵌入组小于B PT B介面钉组;最大位移肌腱结嵌入组大于B PT B介面钉组。胫骨端固定抗拉强度和刚度骨桥打结组优于介面螺钉组。结论腘绳肌腱结嵌压固定重建交叉韧带生物力学抗拉强度能满足生理需求,方法可行;可克服位移因素,降低韧带松弛率,提高疗效。     

Harvesting hamstring tendons for ACL reconstruction influences postoperative hamstring muscle performance

Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using hamstring tendons has recently received attention because of less donor site morbidity. It has been reported that harvesting hamstring tendons has little effect on postoperative hamstring muscle performance based on the peak torque value of the hamstring strength. However, recent studies have clarified some adverse effects of harvesting hamstring tendons. There is still argument about the influences of harvesting hamstring tendons on postoperative hamstring muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative hamstring muscle performance measured by various parameters after harvesting hamstring tendons for ACL reconstruction.Patients and methods We evaluated the postoperative hamstring muscle performance after harvesting hamstring tendons in 58 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. We assessed peak torque value, total work, and peak torque angle in the isokinetic hamstring strength test and active knee flexion angle. We classified the patients into three groups according to the type of hamstring used for ACL reconstruction: 1) the autologous semitendinosus tendon (ST); 2) the autologous ST and the gracilis tendon, which were harvested from the ipsilateral knees; and 3) allogeneic fascia lata.Results This study clearly demonstrated that the peak torque value and total work in the patients in each group compared to preoperative normal knees were not statistically different; however, the more hamstring tendons were harvested, the more loss of active knee flexion angle was observed and the more the peak torque angle was shifted to a shallow angle, suggesting that the hamstring strength might be weaker at the deep flexion angle.Conclusion Physicians should recognize that the ACL reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons is not appropriate for sportsmen or women who are required to flex their knees deeply or powerfully in their performance.     

Patellar tendon autograft versus hamstring tendon autograft in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: appraisal of the evidence

Arthroscopy–assisted reconstruction of a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a commonly performed surgical procedure. The type of graft used for ACL reconstruction has traditionally been an autograft; the more commonly used grafts are the bonepatellar tendon–bone (BPTP) and hamstring tendons, namely the gracilis and semitendinosus tendons (GST). We surveyed the evidence concerning the outcome of patients treated by arthroscopic reconstruction of the ACL with either BPTP or GST. On basis of several welldesigned studes, specifically 5 meta–analyses and one systematic review, we critically discuss the best evidence available today regarding ACL reconstruction. This evidence suggests that BPTP may be considered for patients performing high–demand activities not involving repetitive kneeling.