奥硝唑结肠定位片的制备及其体外释放度评价

目的制备奥硝唑结肠定位片,并评价其体外释药情况。方法制备奥硝唑含药片芯,依次包被隔离层、时滞层和肠溶层制备奥硝唑结肠定位片,并考察包衣片的体外释药情况。结果最佳包衣液处方为隔离层增重约1．0％,肠溶层增重3％,PVP用量为60％,Eudragit L100和Eudragit S100质量比为2：3;体外释放度研究表明,制得的奥硝唑结肠定位片在pH1．0 HCl溶液中未释药,在pH6．8的磷酸盐缓冲液中4h累积溶出小于5％,在pH7．6的磷酸盐缓冲液中2h释药大于90％。结论奥硝唑结肠定位片在体外具有结肠定位释放的特性,能达到治疗结肠部位疾病的目的。     

pH依赖-时滞型大黄素结肠定位微丸的制备及体外释药研究

目的 制备pH依赖-时滞型大黄素结肠定位微丸并对影响其体外释药的包衣处方因素进行研究。方法 采用离心造粒包衣机以粉末层积法制备载药微丸,并通过依次包衣时滞内层（Eudragit RL 30D）和pH依赖外层（Eudragit FS 30D）制备pH依赖-时滞型大黄素结肠定位微丸;以体外释放度为评价指标,采用相似因子（f₂）法统计分析释药曲线,考察影响大黄素微丸体外释药的处方因素。结果 最佳时滞层包衣液处方为：Eudragit RL 30D增重5%,HPMC用量60%,滑石粉用量50%,柠檬酸三乙酯用量15%;最佳pH依赖层包衣液处方为：Eudragit FS 30D增重4.6%,滑石粉用量50%,柠檬酸三乙酯用量5%。体外释放度实验表明,pH依赖-时滞型大黄素结肠定位微丸在人工胃液中2 h和人工肠液中3 h的累积释药率小于10%,人工结肠液7 h内基本释放完全,具有明显的结肠定位释药特性。结论 通过调整时滞层及pH依赖层包衣厚度可以制备pH依赖-时滞型大黄素结肠定位微丸。     

薄膜包衣法制备中药复方结肠定位定时片

目的应用薄膜包衣法制备复方盐酸小檗碱结肠定位定时片。方法以肠溶丙烯酸树脂Eudragit L100与Eudragit S100为pH敏感层材料,以乙基纤维素水分散体(Surelease)为时滞层包衣材料,采用包衣锅包衣法制成结肠定位定时片;以体外释放度为考察指标,使包衣片释药特性基本符合设计要求。结果体外释放度试验表明,当pH敏感层增重4%、时滞层增重6%时,可控制药物在到达小肠后3h释药,且不受胃排空的影响。结论通过调整时滞层、肠溶层包衣厚度,包衣片可基本达到结肠定位释药的预期效果。     

复方白头翁汤结肠缓释片的研制及体外释放评价

目的:优选复方白头翁汤结肠缓释片的最佳制备工艺和结肠包衣工艺,并对其体外释放性能进行考察和评价.方法:以白头翁皂苷1B4和盐酸小檗碱体外释放度为评价指标,对复方白头翁汤结肠缓释片的制剂处方和结肠包衣处方进行筛选,采用体外释放度测定法考察该制剂的体外释放性能.结果:优选了复方白头翁汤结肠缓释片的制剂处方和结肠包衣处方,制剂处方中缓释材料(Eudragit RL/RS)用量为10％,包衣处方中结肠包衣材料(Eudragit S)用量为6.6％,包衣使片芯增重10％.体外释放评价结果表明:制剂在人工胃液中2h未释放,在人工小肠液中4h两指标累积溶出率均小于5％,而在人工结肠液中1h两指标累积溶出率均接近35％、2h均达到46％,在12 h小时内累积溶出率达90％以上,且能结肠定位缓速释放药物.结论:制备的复方白头翁汤结肠缓释片能较好地结肠定位缓速释药,达到了结肠定位和长效给药的目的.     

地锦草总黄酮结肠定位片的制备及释药特性研究

目的:制备地锦草总黄酮结肠定位片,并通过考察片芯和包衣膜对药物释放行为的影响来筛选处方.方法:单因素考察影响释药的因素,以不同时间药物累积释放度描述药物的释放行为.结果:片芯组成和包衣膜组成及衣膜增重率对地锦草总黄酮结肠定位片的体外释药行为有显著影响.结论:制备的地锦草总黄酮结肠定位片释药符合药典规定.     

穿心莲内酯结肠靶向片的制备及体外释放性能评价

目的评价以穿心莲内酯制备的pH依赖型结肠靶向片的体外释放性能。方法以穿心莲内酯为评价指标,对制剂的包衣处方进行筛选,在单因素试验基础上,应用正交试验设计优化包衣液处方。通过溶出曲线的相似性f2因子法评价不同释放曲线的相似性,采用体外释放度测定方法考察制剂的体外释药性能。结果以Eudragit S100为包衣材料、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯为增塑剂,增塑剂用量占聚合物30%的包衣液,使片芯包衣增重达6%。体外释放度测定结果表明,在人工胃液2 h、人工小肠液3 h未检测到穿心莲内酯,而在人工结肠液2 h指标累积溶出率达80%以上。结论制备的穿心莲内酯结肠靶向片能达到结肠定位释药目的 。     

多元定时释药技术制备复方丹参缓释胶囊的研究

目的 采用多元定时释药技术制备复方丹参缓释胶囊。方法 将处方药材精制后制备成复方丹参同步释放微丸,使用流化床包衣设备,先以3%低取代羟丙基纤维素、2%羟丙基甲基纤维素和1%十二烷基硫酸钠混合配成包衣液进行包衣作为溶胀层,包衣增重为12%;再将2%乙基纤维素溶于90%乙醇中,加入2%微粉化滑石粉和0.2%邻苯二甲酸二乙酯混合配成包衣液进行包衣作为控释层,制备包衣微丸。等量称取控释层包衣增重分别为0%、8%、16%、20%、24%、26%的包衣微丸,混合均匀,装入硬胶囊中,即得复方丹参缓释胶囊。结果 当溶胀层处方及用量固定后,通过控制控释层的厚度,可使包衣微丸在预期的不同时间定时释药。将几种控释层增重不同的包衣微丸混合后制成复方丹参缓释胶囊,在溶出介质中,各种包衣微丸可以在不同时间依次释药。在模拟人体胃肠道pH变化条件下,丹酚酸B和三七总皂苷的f₂值为66.9,丹酚酸B和冰片的f₂值为69.0,三七总皂苷与冰片的f₂值为58.0,三者能够同步释放且均呈现出明显的缓释特征。结论 采用定时释药技术制备而成的复方丹参缓释胶囊中理化性质不同的各成分在缓释的同时可以达到同步释放,遵循了中药制剂复方配伍的整体观和用药思想。     

离心造粒包衣技术制备姜黄素pH依赖-时控型结肠靶向小丸

目的探讨制备姜黄素pH依赖-时控型结肠靶向小丸制备工艺。方法采用离心造粒包衣技术,以粉末层积法制备载姜黄素素丸,再分别包衣EC(时控内层)及Eudragit FS30D(pH依赖外层),得到姜黄素pH依赖-时控型结肠靶向小丸,并优化最佳制备工艺。结果时控层包衣液由3.0%EC、0.6%邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、25%滑石粉乙醇溶液组成,包衣增重2.0%;pH依赖层包衣液由Eudragit FS30D、40%滑石粉和3.0%柠檬酸三乙酯组成,包衣增重4.0%。此小丸在人工胃液2、3 h后累积释放百分率<15%,在人工结肠液5 h后累积释放百分率>85%,有显著的结肠定位及释药特性。结论以EC作为时控内层,Eudragit FS30D作为pH依赖外层,可制备姜黄素结肠靶向释药系统。     

头孢氨苄缓释微丸制备及体外释放度的考察

目的制备头孢氨苄缓释微丸并对其体外释放度进行考察。方法运用挤出滚圆法制备载药丸芯,熔融包衣法对素丸进行隔离包衣,隔离衣材料选用十八醇,流化床包衣法包覆胃溶型丙烯酸树脂NE30D薄膜衣,制备不同隔离及包衣增重的头孢氨苄缓释微丸,对药物释放进行考察。结果 HPMC(K4M)、MCC为丸芯材料,十八醇为隔离层,Eudragit N E30D为包衣材料,SDS作为致孔剂。分别选用Eudragit N E30D、十八醇及SDS增重为7%8、%4、%时的包衣微丸,pH 6.8的PBS中呈现良好的缓释效果。结论该处方工艺基本满足设计要求。     

复方卡托普利脉冲缓释微丸的制备及释放度考察

目的制备卡托普利脉冲微丸及氢氯噻嗪缓释微丸,考察制剂体外释放度影响因素;方法依据时控爆破系统原理,利用底喷式流化床包衣设备,通过调节脉冲微丸溶胀层增重、控释层增重、致孔剂用量及缓释微丸包衣膜增重及熟化处理时间等因素,考查微丸释放度影响因素。结果脉冲微丸以L-HPC为溶胀层,Surelease为控释层,分别增重为16.20%和22.84%;以HPMCE3为致孔剂,用量为水分散体固含物量的5.52%,体外释放时滞约为5h;缓释微丸以Eudragit NE30D为包衣材料,缓释层增重为10%,致孔剂乳糖用量为1.5%(聚合物的1.5%);后处理时间为12h;两主药体外释放过程均接近一级。结论该方法制备的复方脉冲缓释微丸符合脉冲释放制剂要求,外观光滑圆整,衣膜致密,工艺操作简便、可控。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.