经椎板间内镜椎管减压术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症

目的:探讨经皮椎板间入路内镜下椎管减压术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的效果。方法:老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症患者196例,随机分为观察组和对照组各98例,观察组行经皮椎板间入路内镜下椎管减压术治疗,对照组行经皮椎间孔入路内镜下椎管减压术治疗。分别于术前和术后7 d、1个月、3个月采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)法评估下肢疼痛程度,Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评定腰椎功能,采用侧隐窝角评估侧隐窝狭窄程度,依据MacNab标准评定手术效果,并记录手术并发症。结果:2组术后7 d、1个月、3个月VAS评分、ODI评分均低于术前(P0.05),且观察组均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组、对照组术后7 d软性侧隐窝角[(30.53±9.76)°、(27.27±8.39)°]、骨性侧隐窝角[(33.18±10.36)°、31.52±9.85)°]均大于术前[软性侧隐窝角(14.26±7.92)°、(14.51±6.83)°,骨性侧隐窝角(16.63±6.58)°、(17.02±7.73)°](P0.05),且观察组大于对照组(P0.05);术后3个月,观察组优良率(94%)与对照组(89%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组均未出现神经根撕裂、永久性神经损伤等严重并发症。结论:相较于经皮椎间孔入路,经皮椎板间入路镜下椎管减压术对减轻老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症患者下肢疼痛、改善侧隐窝狭窄及腰椎功能,效果更明显。     

硬膜外侧隐窝注射治疗腰椎间盘偏侧型突出致单侧腰腿痛的疗效观察

目的 观察硬膜外侧隐窝注射治疗腰椎间盘偏侧型突出致单侧腰腿痛的疗效.方法 选择90例典型患者随机分成三组:A组(n=30)硬膜外腔注射、B组(n=30)骶管注射、C组(n=30)硬膜外侧隐窝注射治疗,结果 硬膜外侧隐窝注射疗效佳,优于硬膜外组和骶管组(P＜0.05),结论 硬膜外侧隐窝注射治疗腰腿痛安全、创伤小、疗效确切.     

侧隐窝注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的评价侧隐窝注射对腰椎间盘突出症的治疗效果。方法腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为两组，观察组60例，采用侧隐窝注射治疗；对照组60例，采用骶管注射治疗。结果侧隐窝注射组的治愈率及疗效优良的病例注药次数均优于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论侧隐窝注药是治疗腰椎间盘突出症较有效的方法。     

后路脊柱全内镜结合类固醇激素鞘内注射手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨腰椎间盘内镜技术(microendoscopic disectomy,MED)结合类固醇激素神经根鞘内注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法 2010-02—2012-12收治的60例腰椎椎间盘突出患者随机分为MED组30例,行MED手术,MED神经根鞘内注射组治疗30例,行MED手术并在神经根鞘杰注入5 mg地塞米松。记录两组手术前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visualanalogue scale,VAS)评分、直腿抬高角度及术后恢复正常工作的时间,术中、术后并发症发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后VAS评分明显减低,直腿抬高角度明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与MED组比较,MED神经根鞘内注射组患者治疗后VAS评分及直腿抬高角度的改变更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);MED神经根鞘内注射组患者治疗后恢复正常工作时间明显短于MED组患者(P0.05);MED神经根鞘内注射组患者出现2例并发症,发生率6.7%,术中硬脊膜撕裂并出现脑脊液漏1例,术后因侧隐窝减压不充分和瘢痕粘连再手术1例;MED组患者出现切口感染1例,发生率为3.3%(P0.05)。结论后路脊柱显微内镜结合鞘内注射类固醇激素治疗腰椎椎间盘突出,能显著改善术后疼痛、恢复肢体活动范围及更早的恢复日常生活。     

CT引导下经侧隐窝行突出物内外溶盘术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨CT引导下侧隐窝进路突出物内外联合注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法 选择腰椎间盘突出症患者60例,随机均分为两组,在CT引导下经侧隐窝进路穿刺,观察组采用突出物内外联合注射胶原酶,对照组采用突出物表面注射胶原酶.术后3、7 d、1、3、6、12月随访,记录患者的VAS、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分,术后改善率及近、远期临床疗效.结果 观察组溶盘术后1、3月JOA评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05).术后1～12月观察组疗效总优良率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),结论 CT引导下突出物内外联合注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效及远期疗效明显优于单纯突出物表面注射胶原酶.     

侧隐窝与前路椎间孔入路注射胶原酶治疗颈椎间盘突出症效果的比较

目的 比较侧隐窝与前路椎间孔入路注射胶原酶治疗颈椎间盘突出症的效果.方法 颈椎间盘突出症病人63例,年龄41～52岁,体重60～75 kg,随机分为侧隐窝组(A组,n=31)和前路椎间孔组(B组,n=32).分别以数字检影机定位,碘海醇显示导管的靶点位置.穿刺成功后确认麻醉平面,观察20 min后注射胶原酶600～1 200 U.分别于术前、术后1、3、7、30、90 d时采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)评价疼痛程度,参照中华医学会骨科分会脊柱外科组手术疗效标准评价近期疗效.结果 与B组比较,A组穿刺成功率升高(P＜0.05),各时点VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与术前比较,两组术后1 d时.VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其余时点VAS评分降低(P＜0.05);两组术后近期疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 侧隐窝入路注射胶原酶600～1 200 U溶盘效果良好,且穿刺成功率较前路椎间孔入路高.     

经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除联合侧隐窝减压治疗对侧症状腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术(PELD)联合TESSYS侧隐窝减压治疗对侧症状腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及可行性。方法回顾性分析自2010-08—2015-05采用PELD联合TESSYS侧隐窝减压治疗的26例对侧症状腰椎间盘突出症。按骨钻打磨上关节突的次数分组,分为1次组、2或3次组、4次组。记录各组术前及术后2 d的下腰部、臀腿VAS评分,并比较疼痛改善程度。记录各组术前及术后3个月的JOA评分,比较JOA评分改善程度。末次随访时采用Macnab标准评定疗效。结果利用骨钻减压4次者8例,3次者7例,2次者4例,1次者7例。26例获得随访3~17个月,平均8个月。术后各组下腰部疼痛、臀腿部疼痛和JOA评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。组间横向对比发现,1次组术前臀腿部VAS评分低于2或3次组和4次组,2或3次组疼痛缓解程度优于1次组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用PELD联合TESSYS侧隐窝减压治疗对侧症状腰椎间盘突出症效果满意,安全有效。术中2或3次减压即可。     

责任神经根阻滞联合经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗多节段腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症

目的探讨选择性神经根阻滞(selective nerve root block,SNRB)精准定位联合经皮椎间孔镜技术(percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy,PTED)治疗多节段腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的可行性和临床疗效。方法 2013年8月～2017年8月92例多节段腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症且责任神经根定位不明确,预先判断可能性最大的责任神经根并行SNRB。单根神经根阻滞后视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)缓解率≥70%视为明确责任神经根,经皮椎间孔镜下减压侧隐窝及责任神经根。采用VAS、日本矫形外科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)腰腿痛评分和功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)等指标对患者入院时、PTED术后3 d和1年进行评估。结果 SNRB确定单根责任神经根70例(76. 1%),具体责任神经根分布情况:L_4 15例,L_5 34例,S_1 21例。术后3 d和1年VAS、JOA评分和ODI较入院时均有明显改善(P 0. 05)。结论 SNRB精准定位联合PTED治疗多节段腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症可行,临床疗效满意。     

侧隐窝注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：评价侧隐窝注射对腰椎间盘突出症的治疗效果。方法：腰椎间盘突出症患者,观察组５６例,采用侧隐窝注射治疗;对照组６８例,采用后正中入路将药物注入硬膜外后腔。结果：侧隐窝注射组的治愈率及疗效优良的病例注药次数均优于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：侧隐窝注药是腰椎间盘突出症的较有效治疗方法。     

经椎间孔入路治疗腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的疗效

目的探讨经皮内镜下椎间孔入路治疗腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的临床疗效。方法对32例腰椎侧隐窝狭窄伴或不伴腰椎间盘突出患者采用经皮内镜下椎间孔入路行侧隐窝减压伴或不伴髓核摘除手术。术后1、3个月采用VAS评分评估患者腰腿痛改善情况,术后6个月采用改良MacNab评分标准评估疗效。结果32例患者均顺利完成手术,随访6个月。VAS评分术前为8~10(9.18±0.71)分,术后1个月为0~3(1.29±0.67)分,术后3个月为0~2(1.51±0.49)分,术后1、3个月与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月改良MacNab评分优良率为93.75%(30/32)。无感染、医源性神经根损伤、硬膜撕裂等并发症发生。结论经皮内镜下椎间孔入路治疗腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症能获得满意疗效。     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。