真菌感染与慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发持续喘息的相关性

目的探讨痰真菌培养在慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发持续喘息中的应用价值。方法选取2015年1月至2016年1月于深圳市宝安区石岩人民医院接受治疗的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者160例,按照是否并发持续喘息,分为持续喘息组(n=80)和非持续喘息组(n=80),对两组进行痰真菌培养。比较两组患者痰液病原菌分布情况及痰培养阳性率。结果持续喘息组患者的曲霉菌属的检出率和真菌阳性率均明显高于非持续喘息组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论痰真菌培养能在一定程度上对慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发持续喘息进行提示和诊断,延缓肺功能下降,有效提高治疗预后。     

COPD并发持续喘息与痰真菌培养阳性的相关分析

目的 探讨COPD患者并发持续喘息与痰真菌培养阳性之间的相关性.方法 收集2005年1月～2007年12月于上海交通大学附属第一人民医院、复旦大学附属中山医院、复旦大学附属华东医院3家医院呼吸科住院的COPD急性加重患者的病史资料,进行回顾性分析.结果 共收集到符合入选标准的COPD持续喘息组患者35例,COPD非喘息组患者43例.持续喘息组中32例(91.4%)痰真菌培养阳性,非喘息组中11例(25.6%)阳性,两组比较差异显著(P<0.01).细菌阳性率无显著差异(28.6%比39.5%,P>0.05).在真菌的菌种构成方面,持续喘息组32例痰真菌阳性患者中曲霉阳性12例,非喘息组11例痰真菌阳性患者中未检出曲霉,曲霉在两组中分布有显著差异(P<0.05).持续喘息组抗真菌治疗后症状缓解率显著高于未抗真菌治疗者(81.0%比36.4%,P<0.05).结论 COPD患者并发持续喘息与真菌,特别是曲霉在气道内定植感染有关.     

156例老年人肺部感染痰培养分析

目的:探讨老年人肺部感染的细菌学特点。方法:选择老年肺部感染患者370例痰进行培养及药敏试验。结果:156例病菌感染者中,革兰阴性菌98株,占62.8%,以铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷白菌、大肠埃希菌、流感嗜血杆菌为主。混合感染12例,其中2种细菌感染3例,一种细菌与一种真菌感染9例。本次痰培养分离出真菌25株,占痰菌阳性16%,曲霉菌6例,其余为念珠菌感染,以白色念珠菌为主,占真菌感染的66%。结论:老年人肺部感染的主要致病菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,其中肺部真菌感染以白色念珠菌为主。     

角膜溃疡病原体筛选及耐药性分析

目的筛选角膜溃疡病原体菌种并分析病原体的耐药性。方法选取2012年10月至2013年9月在我院就诊的角膜溃疡患者123例,取溃疡组织标本,筛选并鉴定菌种,采用滤纸扩散法评价筛选菌种对常用抗生素药物的敏感性。结果筛选到细菌菌种有绿脓杆菌、肺炎链球菌、莫拉-阿克森费尔德二氏杆菌和葡萄球菌;真菌菌种有镰刀菌、曲霉菌和白色念珠菌。白色念球菌阳性者93例,阳性率为75.61%,阳性率最高;肺炎链球菌阳性者12例,阳性率为9.76%,阳性率最低。葡萄球菌和白色念球菌对9种抗生素的耐药率均为60.00%,而肺炎链球菌和绿脓杆菌对3种抗生素的耐药率均为20.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论角膜溃疡病原体主要以细菌和真菌为主,且真菌的耐药性较强。     

103例肺部真菌感染临床分析

目的:探讨肺部真菌感染发病的危险因素、临床特征、治疗和预后.方法:应用回顾性调查的方法对103例肺部真菌感染患者进行分析.结果:90%(90/103)的病例患有基础疾病,其中以慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstraetive pulmonary disease,COPD)和慢性肺源性心脏病为多见,其中有两种或两种以上基础疾病者68例,占66.02%.2型糖尿病也占有重要位置.肺部真菌感染的临床表现无特异性,X线表现以支气管肺炎多见(61%).真菌培养结果显示病原菌主要以酵母菌属为主,包括白色念珠菌73株(70.8%).热带念珠菌ll株(10.7%),光滑念珠菌10株(9.7%),曲霉菌6株(5.8%),毛霉菌3株(2.9%);早期诊断仍困难.痰培养显示真菌与细菌复合感染常见(46.6%),主要合并铜绿假单孢菌、不动杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌感染.肺部真菌感染病死率较高,占21.36%,其中死于真菌感染未控制者6例,因抗真菌治疗延误并发多器官功能衰竭死亡16例.结论:肺部真菌感染是多种疾病继发感染的重要原因,其临床表现特异性少,病死率高,值得临床医生高度重视.     

海口市眼部真菌感染流行病学与病原学特征分析

目的 探讨海口市眼部真菌感染的流行病学与病原学特征.方法 采集眼科门诊及住院患者角膜、结膜、前房、泪囊等部位标本进行真菌培养,对真菌培养的阳性率、季节分布、菌属分布等进行统计学分析.结果 共检查683例眼疾患者,真菌培养阳性率为27.96%,其中男、女阳性率分别为33.42%和21.52%,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).角膜、结膜、前房、泪囊、其他标本(眶周、玻璃体等)的阳性率依次为31.42%、11.32%、10.81%、21.28%、29.17%,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).不同职业人群眼部真菌培养阳性率依次为:农民34.88%、工人22.58%、教师11.76%、机关干部4.11%、学生21.43%、其他职业13.33%,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).不同年龄人群阳性率以21～40岁、41～60岁两个年龄组较高,依次为32.30%、31.72%;不同月份的阳性率以3月最低,8、9、10、11、12月份普遍较高,每月均高于30%.分离出的真菌经鉴定共有9属,以念珠菌属构成比最高(49.21%),曲霉菌属19.37%;共发现念珠菌94株,其中白色念珠菌排第1位,有63株,占67.02%;其次为热带念珠菌14株,占14.89%.结论 海口地区眼部真菌感染多见于男性,以角膜炎患者感染多见.感染的真菌以念珠菌为主,此与国内其他地区不同,可能与本地区热带气侯有关.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期病原菌检出情况与病情评估

目的 研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期病原菌的分布、耐药情况与患者临床肺功能损伤情况、BODE积分之间的关系.方法 对2005年3月～9月我院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的患者108例合格痰标本进行细菌和真菌培养,对细菌培养阳性者作菌落鉴别和以K-B琼脂扩散法检测药物敏感性.所有患者均行肺功能检查并进行BODE指数评测.结果 108例患者的痰标本共分离出致病菌184株,其中G-菌117株(63.6%);G 菌38株(20.7%);真菌29株(15.8%).G-菌主要以铜绿假单胞菌为主(42株),该类细菌对酶抑制剂复方制剂、四代头孢、碳青酶烯类敏感.极重度COPD患者G-菌、真菌的检出率明显高于中重度COPD患者; BODE积分越高的患者G-菌和真菌的检出率也越高.结论 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸道感染仍以G-菌为主,其中以铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯杆菌、不动杆菌最多见,酶抑制剂复方制剂及碳青酶烯类是治疗该类细菌的有效抗生素.G-菌(铜绿假单胞菌)和真菌可能是肺功能差、病情危重患者的优势菌.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期痰细菌学培养分析

目的 回顾分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期痰细菌培养结果、耐药情况以及与肺功能的关系,为本地区选择抗菌药物提供借鉴.方法 在2005年2月至2008年2月期间,收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者中随机抽取116例,其中76例痰培养结果阳性,对其进行回顾性分析.结果 76例痰培养结果阳性者中有革兰阴性细菌51例(67.11%),革兰阳性细菌18例(23.68%).真菌7例(9.21%).细菌感染前4位依次是:铜绿假单胞菌11株(14.47%)、大肠杆菌9株(11.84%)、鲍曼不动杆菌7株(9.21%)及表皮葡萄球菌7株(9.21%).真菌感染为白色念珠菌.药敏试验显示前5种细菌对哌拉西林、环丙沙星、头孢哌酮等常用抗生素有较高的耐药率.COPD患者随着肺功能损害的加重常伴随假单胞菌、肠杆菌、不动杆菌的高检出率.结论 对COPD急性加重期患者,呼吸道感染以革兰阴性细菌为主,痰细菌学培养结果与患者肺功能损害关系密切.     

宏基因组二代测序技术在呼吸系统感染病原学诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨宏基因组二代测序技术(m NGS)在呼吸系统感染病原学诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年12月-2021年1月在南方医科大学珠江医院就诊的48例呼吸系统感染者为研究对象,比较痰mNGS检测和痰培养检出病原体的分布、阳性率、符合率、混合感染率,对检出的部分特殊病原体采用PCR、质谱技术进行验证,分析痰mNGS检测的优势和可行性。结果 痰mNGS检出75株病原体,其中细菌20株,真菌24株,病毒16株,特殊病原体15株;痰培养检出20株病原体,其中细菌8株,真菌11株,特殊病原体1株。痰mNGS与痰培养检测病原体总符合率为35.42%(17例),阳性符合率为22.92%(11例)。痰mNGS检测病原体阳性率87.50%(42例)和混合感染率60.42%(29例)均显著高于痰培养的阳性率29.17%(14例)和混合感染率8.33%(4例),差异均有统计学意义(χ²=32.685、28.860,P均<0.05)。特殊病原体鹦鹉热衣原体、结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTB)和诺卡菌,验证结果与痰mNGS检测符合率均为100.00%(各2例)。鹦鹉热衣原体患者根据...     

95例前列腺炎真菌培养阳性结果分析

为研究慢性前列腺炎患者真菌感染情况,探讨改良沙堡氏液体培养基在真菌培养中的应用价值,取慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液进行病原体检查,采用改良沙堡氏液体培养基与沙堡氏琼脂培养基对照做真菌培养,对真菌培养阳性者进一步做菌种鉴定。结果从1138例前列腺液中真菌培养阳性者,改良沙堡氏液基为95例,占8.35%,沙堡氏琼脂基为30例,占2.64%。95例中白色念珠菌63株,占66.3%,热带念珠菌15株,占15.8%,其他念珠菌17株,占17.9%。认为①慢性前列腺炎与真菌感染之间的密切关系是一个不可忽视的问题,对那些使用抗生素治疗时间长,治疗效果差的慢性前列腺炎患者要考虑真菌感染的可能。②念珠菌性前列腺炎仍以白色念珠菌感染为主。③采用改良沙堡氏液基可提高念珠菌的检出率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.