侵袭性垂体腺瘤中自噬相关基因Beclin-1和MAPLC3的表达

目的检测自噬相关基因Beclin-1和微管相关蛋白轻链3(microtubule-associated protein3,MAPLC3)在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织中的表达情况,探讨其与侵袭性垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系。方法 61例垂体腺瘤手术标本按侵袭性垂体腺瘤综合判定方法分为侵袭组和非侵袭组,采用免疫荧光检测Beclin-1和MAPLC3蛋白的表达,RT-PCR法检测Beclin-1和MAPLC3mRNA的表达,分析侵袭组和非侵袭组Beclin-1和MAP1LC3表达水平的差异。结果 61例垂体瘤患者中,32例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,29例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤。侵袭性垂体腺瘤组Beclin-1的蛋白和mRNA表达均低于非侵袭性腺瘤组(P0.05),MAPLC3的蛋白和mRNA表达也均低于非侵袭性腺瘤组(P0.05),差别具有统计学意义。结论自噬相关基因Beclin-1和MAPLC3在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达下调,提示其可能与侵袭性垂体腺瘤的侵袭性有关。     

骨桥蛋白表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性生长的相关性研究

目的探讨骨桥蛋白(Osteopontin,OPN)表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性生长的相关性。方法分别对78例垂体腺瘤手术标本(其中侵袭性37例,非侵袭性41例)和5例来源于尸检的正常垂体组织进行检测,采用实时荧光PCR技术检测组织中OPN mRNA表达,免疫组织化学SP法检测OPN蛋白表达,结合临床资料分析OPN mRNA及其蛋白的表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系。结果侵袭性垂体腺瘤OPN mRNA表达较非侵袭性腺瘤显著增高(t=2.43,P<0.05)。OPN蛋白表达定位于细胞质,积分光密度(IOD)定量检测侵袭性腺瘤为(55.21±12.07),非侵袭性腺瘤为(48.83±13.78),两者有显著性差异(t=3.44,P<0.05)。结论OPN mRNA和蛋白在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中表达均增强,提示OPN与垂体腺瘤侵袭性生长过程有关,可能是垂体腺瘤侵袭生长的机制之一,且有望成为新的治疗靶点。     

KISS-1和MTA-1在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达

目的 研究肿瘤转移抑制基因KISS-1和转移相关基因MTA-1在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达情况,并分析两者与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系.方法 采用免疫组化SP法对31例侵袭性垂体腺瘤和28例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织标本KISS-1和MTA-1的蛋白表达进行检测,RT-PCR法对KISS-1和MTA-1mRNA的表达进行检测,分析它们在侵袭组和非侵袭组中的表达差异.结果 59例垂体腺瘤患者中,侵袭性垂体腺瘤组KISS-1的蛋白阳性率和mRNA表达均低于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组(χ2=4.88,t=12.05,P<0.05),MTA-1的蛋白阳性率和mRNA表达均高于非侵袭性腺瘤组(χ2=5.43,t=12.99,P<0.05).结论 在侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织中KISS-1表达下调、MTA-1表达上调,提示可能与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性密切相关.     

侵袭性垂体腺瘤smac,XIAP,caspase-3的表达

目的 探讨凋亡基因XIAP,caspase-3,smac与侵袭性垂体腺瘤侵袭发生的关系及三者之间的相关性.方法 59例垂体腺瘤手术标本按侵袭性垂体腺瘤综合判定方法 分为侵袭组和非侵袭组,采用免疫组化检测XIAP,caspase-3和smac蛋白的表达,RT-PCR法检测XIAP,caspase-3和smac mRNA的表达,分析侵袭组和非侵袭组XIAP,caspase-3和smac表达水平的差异和相关性.结果 59例垂体瘤患者中,31例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,28例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤.,侵袭性垂体腺瘤组的XIAP蛋白和mRNA表达均较非侵袭性腺瘤组增高,而caspase-3和smac蛋白和mRNA表达较非侵袭性腺瘤组降低.Pearson相关分析显示:侵袭性腺瘤组中caspase-3和smac mRNA的表达成正相关(r=0.50,P＜0.01);caspase-3与XIAP mRNA表达呈负相关(r=-0.69,P＜0.01);smac与XIAP mRNA表达呈负相关(r=-0.56,P＜0.01).非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组中XIAP,caspase-3和smac mRNA的表达无明显相关性.结论 XIAP,caspase-3,smac三者相互协同作用,导致垂体腺瘤侵袭性增强,三者可以作为垂体腺瘤侵袭性的有效参考指标.     

Rac1在垂体腺瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨Rac1蛋白及mRNA在垂体腺瘤组织中的表达情况。方法应用免疫组化技术、RT-PCR方法检测82例垂体腺瘤标本中Rac1蛋白及mRNA的表达情况,包括29例侵袭性垂体腺瘤和53例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤。结果免疫组化结果显示:垂体腺瘤Rac1标记指数(LI)为3.34%～53.7%,其中侵袭性垂体腺瘤LI平均为33.5%,非侵袭垂体腺瘤LI平均为8.2%,两者差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。RT-PCR显示:Rac1mRNA灰度比侵袭性垂体腺瘤为0.891±0.172,非侵袭性垂体腺瘤为0.372±0.181,两者差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 Rac1与垂体腺瘤的侵袭能力密切相关,Rac1过表达可增强垂体腺瘤的侵袭能力并导致临床预后不良。     

PCNA、P16、TGF—β1蛋白表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系

目的探讨垂体腺瘤PCNA、P16、TGF-β1蛋白表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系.方法应用免疫组化S-P法检测43例侵袭性垂体腺瘤和37例非侵袭性肿瘤的表达情况.结果PCNA在侵袭性腺瘤中表达明显高于非侵袭性腺瘤组,复发组高于非复发组P16、TGF-β1、在侵袭性腺瘤中表达明显低于非侵袭性腺瘤组,复发组低于非复发组.结论PCNA、P16、TGF-β1蛋白表达异常与垂体腺瘤的发生及侵袭性有关,它们的表达情况能作为垂体腺瘤侵袭性的参考指标.     

Ki-67、MMP-9蛋白表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的相关性研究

目的 检测细胞核内增殖抗原Ki-67与基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)在侵袭性、非侵袭性及复发垂体腺瘤中的表达,探讨其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性及肿瘤复发的相关性.方法 免疫组化SP法对86例垂体腺瘤患者标本的Ki-67、MMP-9的表达进行检测.结果 侵袭性垂体腺瘤的Ki-67、MMP-9蛋白表达明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤(P＜0.01);侵袭性腺瘤复发组Ki-67、MMP-9蛋白表达明显高于侵袭性腺瘤非复发组(P＜0.01),且Ki-67、MMP-9蛋白在垂体腺瘤中表达呈正相关.结论 Ki-67、MMP-9蛋白表达增高与侵袭性垂体腺瘤的发生及术后复发存在相关性,且两者在垂体腺瘤的侵袭性生长中可能起协同作用.     

垂体腺瘤中MMP-9与VEGF的表达及其与侵袭性的关系

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系。方法应用免疫组化染色法和逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法检测侵袭性(20例)和非侵袭性(10例)垂体腺瘤组织标本中MMP-9与VEGF的表达,分析二者与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系及二者的相关性。结果侵袭性垂体腺瘤组MMP-9、VEGF的蛋白及mRNA表达均较非侵袭性腺瘤组显著增高(P<0.01)。在蛋白水平,侵袭性腺瘤组中MMP-9与VEGF表达水平无显著性相关;在mRNA水平,侵袭性腺瘤组中MMP-9与VEGF表达水平成正相关(P<0.05)。结论侵袭性垂体腺瘤的生物学行为与MMP-9基因表达增高及血管生成正调节因子VEGF表达上调有关。MMP-9与VEGF在新生血管形成过程中存在着内在联系。     

PI3K、AKT和mTOR在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达

目的 研究磷酯酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatid-ylinositol 3 kinase,PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB,又称AKT)和哺乳动物的雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammal target of rapamycin,mTOR)在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达,探讨其与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系.方法 61例垂体腺瘤分为侵袭性和非侵袭性两组,采用免疫组织化学技术检测PI3K、AKT及mTOR的蛋白表达,应用RT-PCR检测PI3K、AKT及mTOR的mRNA表达水平,分析比较两组肿瘤之间PI3K、AKT及mTOR的表达差异性.结果 在所检测的肿瘤组织标本中,有31例为侵袭性垂体腺瘤,另外30例为非侵袭性垂体腺瘤,免疫组化结果显示侵袭性垂体腺瘤PI3K、AKT、mTOR阳性表达率(61.29%、74.19%、54.84%)高于非侵袭垂体腺瘤(33.33%、43.33%、26.27%,P<0.05).PCR检测结果显示侵袭性垂体腺瘤组中PI3K、AKT、mTOR的相对表达量分别为(0.707±0.599、0.843±0.094、0.753±0.071)高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组(0.591±0.803、0.718±0.044、0.656±0.022,P<0.05).结论 PI3K、AKT及mTOR在垂体腺瘤的侵袭过程中可能发挥着促进其侵袭的作用.     

PTTG、p16和cyclinD1的表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系

目的通过对垂体腺瘤中垂体瘤转化基因(pituitarytumortransforminggene,PTTG)、周期素依赖激酶抑制因子p16(cyclin-de-pendentkinaseinhabitor,p16Ink4)mRNA和蛋白以及细胞周期素D1(cyclinD1)蛋白表达的检测和相关性比较,探讨PTTG、p16和cyclinD1的表达与垂体腺瘤细胞周期调控和侵袭性之间的关系。方法将30例垂体腺瘤手术标本分为侵袭组和非侵袭组,采用RT-PCR法检测PTTG和p16mRNA的表达,免疫组化检测PTTG、P16和cyclinD1蛋白的表达,分析侵袭组和非侵袭组PTTG、p16和cyclinD1表达水平的差异和相关性。结果在垂体腺瘤中,p16mRNA表达缺失或低下的发生率为73.3%,以p16mRNA缺失和表达分组,PTTGmRNA的表达水平在垂体腺瘤p16mRNA缺失组和表达组之间无显著性差异;侵袭组垂体腺瘤的PTTG、cyclinD1蛋白表达较非侵袭组显著性增高;且二者表达程度呈正相关;P16蛋白的表达在侵袭组垂体腺瘤显著减低,并与PTTG和cyclinD1蛋白表达程度呈负相关。结论p16mRNA在垂体腺瘤表达的缺失或低下与垂体腺瘤侵袭性无关。PTTG、p16和cyclinD1蛋白表达的差异与细胞周期调控相关,可作为垂体腺瘤侵袭性的评估指标。     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Relationship Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Age and IQ in Preschool and School-Age Children and Adolescents with Autism and with ADHD

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Relationships between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and age and IQ were investigated in children with autism and/or ADHD covering broader age and IQ...     

Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: LTP and beyond.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic activity is by far the most popular and widely researched model of synaptic plastic changes that might occur during learning. Numerous recent reports, however, have not found a correlation between the inducibility of LTP in the hippocampus and the ability of animals to learn hippocampus-dependent tasks. For example, some experiments with gene deletion (knockout) mice strains have shown that in some strains LTP is not inducible in the dentate gyrus, in area CA3, or CA1, but the animals are still able to learn spatial tasks. This apparent mismatch has rejuvenated the discussion concerning whether LTP is a good model for mechanisms that underlie memory formation in the nervous system. This review analyzes the conditions under which LTP is induced or learning takes place and suggests reasons for the mismatches that can occur and what we can learn from them. High-frequency stimulation protocols and in vitro assays cannot be seen to resemble natural firing patterns or conditions found in the brain. More physiological experimental conditions, especially in vivo recording in awake animals, could lead the way to the development of improved models of learning mechanisms that better correlate with learning abilities of animals.