闭合性多发掌骨骨折并发急性手部骨筋膜室综合征的处理

[目的]探讨早期切开减压同时AO微型钢板内固定治疗闭合性多发掌骨骨折并发急性骨筋膜室综合征的疗效。[方法]2000年2月～2004年12月，对22例闭合性掌骨多发骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征患者，采取早期松解手部亚肌筋膜室，充分暴露每一块内在肌减压，同时对多发掌骨骨折行AO微型钢板内固定，术后辅以早期康复锻炼。[结果]所有病例术后随访3个月～2a，平均6个月，X线片显示8～12周有骨痂生成，骨折完全愈合。骨折无成角畸形及骨不连发生，无爪形手畸形，按照中华医学会手外科学会手部功能评定试用标准：优13例，良8指，差1例，总优良率95．5％。[结论]采用早期切开减压同时AO微型钢板内固定治疗闭合性多发掌骨骨折并发急性骨筋膜室综合征是一种可取的、疗效满意的方法。     

手部急性骨筋膜室综合征的分型及治疗

目的探讨手部急性骨筋膜室综合征（osteofascial compartment syndrome OCS）的分型及治疗方法。方法对我院收治的24例手部急性OCS的病例资料进行总结。将手部OCS按病变发生范围分四型。Ⅰ型（3例）：病变发生局限于三个以内骨筋膜间室。Ⅱ型（8例）：病变发生于三个以上骨筋膜间室，累及大部分手内肌。Ⅰ、Ⅱ型均将发生病变的筋膜间室取独立切口切开减压。Ⅲ型（4例）：病变发生于三个以上骨筋膜间室，并发掌中间区内动脉弓等组织损伤，形成区室内高压。必须将发生病变的筋膜间室和掌中间区同时切开减压；Ⅳ型（9例）：病变发生于三个以上骨筋膜间室，甚或有掌中间区内高压，并发急性腕管综合征。在手部筋膜间室、掌中间区切开减压后，同时行腕管减压术。结果随访时间6周～1．5年，按黄悦等手腕部OCS疗效的评定标准评定：优17例，良4例，中2例，差1例，优良率87．5％。结论将手部急性OCS按病变发生范围分型，有利于切开减压术式的选择。     

胫骨平台骨折并发骨筋膜室综合征的早期处理:切开减压、复位内固定及VSD

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折并发骨筋膜室综合征患者采用早期切开减压、骨折切开复位内固定(open reduction with internal fixation,ORIF)及负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)治疗的可行性,为此类患者早期治疗提供新的临床思路。方法 2008年7月～2012年5月对287例胫骨平台骨折患者中并发骨筋膜室综合征的31例患者均采取上述方法治疗,待肿胀消退,皮肤软组织松弛后再行减压伤口二期直接缝合。结果 31例胫骨平台骨折并发骨筋膜室综合征患者经切开减压、复位内固定及VSD处理后恢复良好,均未出现感染、肢体(或皮肤)坏死以及关节功能障碍等并发症。结论胫骨平台骨折并发骨筋膜室综合征早期行切开减压、复位内固定及VSD是一种切实有效的治疗思路,值得在临床上推广。     

急性腕管综合征2例

外伤后腕部正中神经急性受压并不常见,国内文献报道不多。临床上易被忽视,以至失去最佳手术时机,而造成不良后果,我院近期收治2例急性腕管综合征患者,现报道如下。1病例资料例1:女,40岁,车祸致左腕部肿痛2小时入院,摄片示桡骨下端粉碎性骨折。局麻下手法整复,掌屈位石膏固定,1小时后腕部疼痛加剧,手部正中神经分布区持续、严重麻木予腕管、前臂扩大切口减压探查。术中见腕管内血肿压迫正中神经,予以清除,前臂无压迫,术后功能位石膏固定。术后疼痛缓解,但手部正中神经分布区麻木仍然存在。10个月后再次探查行正中神经松解术,发现神经纤维变性…     

胫骨平台骨折并发骨筋膜室综合征的临床治疗

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折合并小腿骨筋膜室综合征的发生机理与临床治疗策略。方法本组胫骨平台骨折病人108例，其中13例并发骨筋膜室综合征，男11例，女2例，年龄15～67岁，平均37岁，进行小腿筋膜室切开减压加腘窝筋膜切开和骨折固定治疗。结果7例先行小腿筋膜室减压，胫骨平台骨折未作处理，术后发现小腿肿胀减退不明显，肌肉外翻张力仍高，分别在术后8～24h内进行二次手术腘窝筋膜切开减压，腘动脉探查，骨折固定。1例小腿缺血改变严重，坏死并行股骨髁上截肢，1例小腿肌肉坏死，3例足部皮肤溃烂，2例无并发症发生，肢体均成活。5例小腿筋膜室减压同时行腘窝筋膜切开减压和骨折固定治疗，预后良好，功能正常。1例拒绝手术治疗导致截肢。结论胫骨平台骨折并发骨筋膜室综合征，早期行小腿骨筋膜室切开减压加腘窝筋膜切开减压和骨折固定治疗，在减压的同时应松解膪窝部的动静脉压迫，从根本上解决骨筋膜室综合征形成的一个因素，获得满意疗效，减少伤残率。     

两点法内镜下治疗腕管综合征

腕管综合征常规手术是将皮肤与腕管横韧带之间的组织完全切断,直视下切开腕横韧带,然后行神经松解。开放性手术的缺点是手术创伤较大,术后手部功能恢复期较长,手的握力和捏力明显下降;手掌部的皮肤切开易损伤正中神经的掌皮支,形成神经瘤而产生疼痛;切口持续性疼痛,活动时加重;易发生弓弦状屈肌腱、神经与皮肤和肌腱粘连、外形不够美观等并发症。尽管开放手术的手术切口不断改良,但最终难免在手掌部残留有痛性或肥厚性瘢痕。日本Okutsu1986年首先应用内镜治疗腕管综合征,通过前臂1cm     

小双切口治疗腕管综合征15例体会

目的 介绍应用小双切口作腕管切开治疗腕管综合征的方法及临床效果。方法 在掌长肌腱尺侧，平行远侧腕横纹作1．5cm长的横切口，腕横纹以远2．5cm为中心沿鱼际肌纹作1cm长的纵切口，分别显露腕横韧带远近缘及指屈肌腱及正中神经，直视下将腕横韧带完全切开，正中神经外膜松解3例，鱼际肌支松解1例。结果 术后2周，15例症状完全消失，拇、示、中3指指腹两点辨别觉恢复正常。术后1年随访，术前大鱼际肌萎缩5例，肌萎缩明显改善，拇指对掌功能恢复正常。全部病例无1例产生腕掌部瘢痕疼痛及尺神经、掌浅弓损伤等并发症。结论 小双切口行腕管松解术，可操作窄间大，并发症少，术后美观。是治疗腕管综合征的有效方法。     

骨折合并骨筋膜间室综合征的早期诊断和治疗

目的：探讨骨折合并骨筋膜间室综合征的早期诊断和治疗。方法：复习并分析1988年－2001年间48例骨折合并骨筋膜间室综合征的患资料，所有病例均先输入甘露醇及地塞米松，有效Ⅱ期行骨折固定，无效及晚期7例即行切开减压并骨折复位内固定术。结果：14例脱水治疗有效的早期轻型患及27例早期重型患经急诊切开减压骨折内固定的患，疗效优良，占85.4%（41／48），而7例晚期患疗效不佳。结论：早期诊断、早期减压（8h以内）是治疗关键，如超过12h，则疗效不佳；骨折早期复位和固定是减压的重要措施；重视创面处理和晚期康复治疗。     

桡骨远端骨折合并急性腕管综合征5例报告

桡骨远端骨折是一种常见骨折 ,但其并发症很多 ,急性腕管综合征 (Carpal tunnel syndrome)是较严重的并发症之一 ,处理不当常导致不良后果。现将 1994年～ 1999年收治的5例患者报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料　本组共 5例 ,男 1例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 30～5 6岁。Colle′s骨折 3例 ,其中 2例为粉碎性骨折 ;Smith骨折1例 ,Barton骨折 1例。左侧 2例 ,右侧 3例。病程最长 1d,最短 4 h。均为手法整复、功能复位、外固定的病例 ,小夹板固定3例 ,石膏固定 2例。二、临床表现　手部正中神经分布区麻木 ,大鱼际肌无力 ,拇外展、对掌不能。沿腕管区显…     

掌长肌腱移位一期治疗严重腕管综合征

目的评价采用正中神经松解结合掌长肌腱移位拇对掌功能重建术治疗重症腕管综合征的手术效果。方法2004--2008年，选择拇指对掌功能障碍的严重腕管综合征患者24例，分组治疗。14例采用传统手术，10例采用神经松解一期肌腱移位手术，观察术后疗效。结果神经松解肌腱移位手术组术后疗效明显优于传统手术组。结论重症腕管综合征患者在行正中神经松解的同时应用掌长肌腱移位重建拇指对掌功能，能够早期恢复拇指功能，免除二次手术。     

Metacarpal fractures: treatment and complications

Metacarpal fractures comprise between 18–44 % of all hand fractures. Non-thumb metacarpals account for around 88 % of all metacarpal fractures, with the fifth finger most commonly involved [19]. The majority of metacarpal fractures are isolated injuries, which are simple, closed, and stable. While many metacarpal fractures do well without surgery, there is a paucity of literature and persistent controversy to guide the treating physician on the best treatment algorithm. The purpose of this article is to review non-thumb metacarpal anatomy and treatment protocols for nonoperative management of stable fractures, and compare existing literature on surgical techniques for treatment of acute fractures and complications.     

The triad of multiple metacarpal fractures and/or dislocations of the fingers, severe hand swelling and clinical evidence of acute median nerve dysfunction

Twenty-five cases of crush injury to the hand resulting in the triad of multiple finger metacarpal fractures/dislocations of the fingers, a balloon hand appearance due to severe swelling and clinical evidence of acute median nerve dysfunction were retrospectively reviewed. All were men with a mean age of 33 (range 20-45) years. All injuries occurred following industrial or major car accidents. The fracture site included metacarpal head/neck fractures, metacarpal shaft fractures and carpometacarpal joint fracture-dislocations. All patients underwent fasciotomies, open carpal tunnel release and fixation of displaced fractures, followed by immediate mobilisation of the fingers. At a mean final follow-up of 7 (range 6-8) months, full recovery of median nerve function was seen in all patients. The final mean total active motion of the fingers was 243 degrees , 230 degrees and 250 degrees in displaced distal, middle and proximal impact fractures, respectively. All patients were able to return back to work.     

Hand numbness and carpal tunnel syndrome after volar plating of distal radius fracture

We report the incidence of late onset post-operative carpal tunnel syndrome (late carpal tunnel syndrome) and late median nerve neuropathy after volar plating of distal radius fracture by conducting a retrospective study on volar plating for distal radius fracture performed during 2002 to 2006. Two hundred eighty-two volar plating were performed for acute distal radius fracture after exclusion. Post-operative hand numbness occurred in 24 patients of which nine had carpal tunnel syndrome. Thus, the incidence of late carpal tunnel syndrome was 3.2% (9/282). Of the eight (8/24, 33%) patients with post-operative hand numbness that failed to respond to conservative treatment, five had carpal tunnel release and three had neurolysis of median nerve at distal forearm. All had clinical improvement except in one patient. The incidence of late carpal tunnel syndrome after volar plating of distal radius in the present series is similar to the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in general population. The incidence is low compared with other series, regardless of treatment method (conservative treatment, volar or dorsal plating). The outcome of post-operative hand numbness is generally favourable.     

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome caused by fracture of the scaphoid and the 5th metacarpal bones

A case of acute carpal tunnel syndrome in a 19-year-old girl is described. She sustained undisplaced fractures of the right scaphoid and 5th metacarpal bones during a motorcycle collision with a deer. The carpal tunnel syndrome developed within 3 hours of the accident and the diagnosis was easily established since she developed intense pain in her wrist, together with paraesthesiae in the distribution of the median nerve. The carpal tunnel was decompressed within 1 hour of the onset of the symptoms, revealing a fracture haematoma under pressure. The pain disappeared immediately and the sensation was next to normal within 12 hours and completely normal within 3 weeks.     

Rare cause of acute carpal tunnel syndrome: acute metacarpal osteomyelitis

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome resulting from acute metacarpal osteomyelitis is an exceptional etiopathogenic entity. A 6-year-old boy developed an acute carpal tunnel syndrome on the left four days after trauma. The carpal tunnel was opened in an emergency setting and exploration revealed a pale median nerve with infiltration of neighboring tissue. After release, pus issued from the depth of the tunnel. A posterior approach disclosed the collection and a total loss of the 4th metacarpal periosteum, leading to the diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis. Edema and pain regressed rapidly with antibiotic therapy. A pathologic fracture of the 4th metacarpal discovered three months later was treated conservatively. At 10 months, the child has a very good functional result despite persistence of a short 4th metacarpal after healing. There was no motor or sensitive neurological deficit and thumb opposition was complete. We have been unable to find any other report of acute metacarpal osteomyelitis leading to acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Emergency treatment is crucial. Opening the annular ligament is the only way to achieve complete nerve recovery.     

Isolated dislocation of the four ulnar carpometacarpal joints

Dislocation of the multiple carpometacarpal joints without associated fractures of the metacarpal and/or carpal bones is an exceedingly rare injury. An earlier belief that carpometacarpal dislocations are high-energy injuries is questioned due to an unusual case of isolated dislocation of the four ulnar metacarpals that occurred after a relatively minor hand trauma. Early recognition and anatomical reduction are essential to achieving good long-term outcomes. Massive edema, interposed volar ligaments and overlapping metacarpal bases are the usual obstacles to a successful closed reduction.     

A prospective plan to minimise median nerve related complications associated with operatively treated distal radius fractures.

Loss of median nerve function or a neuropathic pain syndrome may occur in around 20% of distal radius fractures if post-traumatic oedema in the carpal canal generates excessive pressure on the median nerve. No method currently exists to reliably distinguish which patients may benefit from a concomitant carpal tunnel release. This case series details the results of following a prospective plan designed to minimise median nerve related complications associated with distal radius fractures by measuring Semmes-Weinstein monofilament scores in 374 radius fracture patients who underwent surgical stabilisation. One hundred and sixty-nine patients with the clinical symptoms of median nerve compression, a decrement in monofilament score of grade 1 (out of 5) compared to the contralateral side or at least 4.31 g underwent concomitant carpal tunnel release. The remaining 205 patients did not have carpal tunnel release. There were no cases of neuropathic pain or loss of median nerve function.     

Conservative management of difficult phalangeal fractures

Stable fractures of the metacarpal and proximal phalanges can be treated satisfactorily by closed methods. The problem in those unstable fractures is whether to treat with open or closed reduction. Stiffness of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), malunion, rotation deformities, shortening, and nonunion are known complications of fractures of the proximal phalanx. Fractures at the base of the proximal phalanx. Fractures at the base of the proximal phalanx have low incidence of complications if they are treated closed. Fractures at the shaft carry a much larger risk of complications with either type of treatment. This study of 158 fractures of the proximal phalanx demonstrates that there is a place for conservative treatment in the management of unstable shaft fractures of the proximal phalanx.     

A prospective study of the treatment of fractures of the little finger metacarpal shaft with a short hand cast

This prospective study describes the use of a short hand cast, which leaves the finger metacarpophalangeal and wrist joint free, for angularly displaced little finger metacarpal shaft fractures which require reduction. Twenty-seven patients with a mean age of 25 (range, 16-39) years with little finger or combined ring and little finger displaced metacarpal shaft fractures were prospectively recruited. All were treated by closed fracture reduction and immobilization in the cast. Patients were followed up at 1 week, 4 weeks, and between 6 and 12 months. At each of these follow-up visits posteroanterior and lateral radiographs of the metacarpals were performed to assess angulation of the fracture. The mean initial angulation of the 17 little finger metacarpal fractures with complete follow up was 40 degrees (range, 20-60 degrees ). Their mean final angulation at 6 to 12 months was 8 degrees. The fracture reduction was lost in three patients in whom the final angular deformities were 15 degrees (one patient) and 20 degrees (two patients). Journal of Hand Surgery (British and European volume, 2004)