手法间接复位掌侧锁定板固定治疗桡骨远端C3型骨折

目的 ：探讨手法间接复位后AO 2.4 mm桡骨远端锁定板联合经皮穿针固定治疗C3型（AO/OTA分型）桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效及操作技巧。方法：自2009年5月至2012年3月采用手法间接复位AO 2.4 mm桡骨远端掌侧锁定板联合经皮穿针固定治疗桡骨远端骨折AO/OTA分型C3型患者19例21腕（双侧2例）。年龄31~66岁,平均（45.3±17.4）岁;并发尺骨茎突骨折14腕,下尺桡关节不稳6腕;均为闭合性骨折;发病时间4.5~9 d,平均（6.7±3.5）d。采用Henry切口显露骨折部位,保留关节囊、韧带连续性,手法间接复位,C形臂X线透视关节面复位情况,仍存在塌陷者予以撬拨复位后桡骨远端掌侧锁定板固定。下尺桡关节发现不稳定和并发尺骨茎突骨折者均予前臂旋后位石膏托固定6周。结果：19例（21腕）获得随访,时间7~17个月,平均10.5个月。X线示患者桡骨远端骨折均达到骨性愈合,尺骨茎突骨折未愈合3例,下尺桡关节不稳0例,1例出现背侧伸肌腱激惹,内固定取出后激惹消除。术后随访观测患者掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨茎突高度、关节面和下尺桡关节情况,按照Batra和Gupta评分标准行影像学评定：70分以下3腕,70~79分5腕,80分以上13腕。同时对患者进行主观和客观疗效评定,观测残留畸形和腕关节活动度、并发症情况等,根据Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley评分系统评定术后疗效：优17腕,良3腕,可1腕。结论：AO/OTA分型C3型桡骨远端骨折手法间接复位可获得良好复位效果,应用锁定板联合穿针可为其提供内固定架支撑式固定以满足早期功能锻炼要求,患腕功能预后良好。     

桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤节段切除及骨重建技术

 桡骨远端是构成腕关节、下尺桡关节的重要解剖结构,正常人的桡骨远端关节面背侧边缘长于掌侧缘,关节面向掌侧倾斜10°~15°（掌倾角）;桡骨茎突较尺骨茎突长1~1.5 cm,故桡骨远端关节面向尺侧倾斜20°~25°（尺倾角）。桡骨下端具有掌、背、桡、尺四个面,掌侧光滑凹陷,有旋前方肌附着;背侧凸起,有四个骨性腱沟,内有伸肌腱;桡侧面延长成茎突,有肱桡肌附着及拇长展肌腱和拇短伸肌腱腱鞘;尺侧面构成下尺桡关节,为前臂旋转的枢纽。因此,当桡骨远端畸形、外伤或存在肿瘤行关节重建时,如骨关节重建不良或方法不合理,则可造成腕及手指的功能障碍。     

腕部桡尺神经浅支的解剖学研究

目的为在桡、尺骨远端骨折处经皮穿针固定提供一个安全进针区域,减少桡、尺神经浅支的损伤提供解剖学依据。方法成人前臂标本18侧,观察桡、尺神经浅支的走行规律。结果桡神经浅支从肱桡肌和桡侧腕长伸肌腱平均间穿出点与桡骨茎突纵向平均距离(L_1)为[(7．4±0．7)cm,(?)±s,下同]。其中16侧在穿出点与桡骨茎突纵向平均距离(L_2)为(4．5±0．6)cm处发出一级分支,称为尺侧支(Ⅰ)和桡侧支(Ⅱ)；尺侧支的桡侧分支(I a)与桡骨茎突的横向平均距离(L_3)为(1．0±0．3)cm,桡侧支与桡骨茎突横向平均距离(L_4)为(0．8±0．3)cm,纵向平均距离(L_5)为(1．5±0．4)cm。2侧桡神经浅支桡侧支被前臂外侧皮神经所替代。尺神经浅支手背支均从尺骨茎突的掌侧走行,与尺骨茎突距离为(0．9±0．3) cm。结论以桡骨茎突为中心,横向距离0．4cm．纵向距离0．6cm的椭圆形区域为桡神经分布相对盲区．从该区经皮克氏针固定桡骨远端,可有效地减少桡神经浅支损伤的发生率。尺骨远端骨折应从尺骨茎突背侧经皮进针相对较安全。     

桡骨远端骨折合并移位型尺骨茎突骨折的手术治疗研究

背景:在对桡骨远端骨折合并移位型尺骨茎突骨折患者的处理中,尺骨茎突是否需要手术固定尚存争议。目的:比较两种不同手术方法固定桡骨远端骨折合并移位型尺骨茎突骨折的临床疗效。方法:2007年5至2010年3月手术治疗桡骨远端骨折合并移位型尺骨茎突骨折(HauckⅡ型,移位>2mm)39例,其中单纯桡骨远端切除复位内固定(单纯桡骨固定组)22例,桡骨远端骨折固定合并尺骨茎突骨折切开复位内固定(尺桡骨远端固定组)17例,术后指导功能锻炼。结果:所有患者均获得随访。随访时间为12～26个月,平均19个月。术后3个月两组的腕关节Gartland-Werley评分无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后1年两组的腕关节Gartland-Werley评分、掌屈及尺偏功能无统计学差异(P>0.05),尺侧疼痛评分有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:对于桡骨远端骨折合并移位型尺骨茎突骨折患者而言,桡骨远端骨折固定合并尺骨茎突骨折切开复位内固定优于单纯桡骨远端切除复位内固定。     

孟氏骨折伴桡神经深支卡入肱桡关节一例

患者 ,女 ,3 6岁。因摔伤左上肢致左尺骨上 1/3段粉碎性骨折、桡骨小头脱位 ,伤后伸腕无力 ,拇手指伸直障碍。在当地医院行左尺骨骨折切开 ,复位钢丝克氏针内固定。术后 1个月余伸腕、伸指障碍入院。入院检查 :一般情况良好 ,左肘关节屈曲位 ,尺骨鹰嘴外露克氏针 ,尺骨上段后正中有 8cm长手术瘢痕 ,切口愈合良好。左肘关节屈伸活动度为 90°～ 110° ,前臂旋前 旋后为 10°～ 2 0° ,伸腕呈桡偏 ,拇手指伸直受限 ,手背及手指感觉正常。X线片示 ,左尺骨上段粉碎性骨折克氏针髓内加环扎钢线固定 ,桡骨小头向掌侧向外半脱位。入院诊断为陈旧…     

桡腕关节闭合性全脱位1例报告

外伤性桡腕关节闭合性全脱位是少见的损伤,我院收治1例,报告如下:病例报告患者男性,22岁,左手掌被转动的压砖机轴从尺侧冲撞致伤.伤后2小时就诊.见左手、腕肿胀,左手桡偏、左腕向尺侧成角约90°畸形,左尺骨远端关节面空虚,左腕不能活动,左桡动脉搏动微弱,左手指感觉存在.X线片见左腕诸骨向桡、背侧全脱位并伴尺、桡骨茎突骨折.即在臂丛麻醉下,两助手于前臂及手掌处作拔伸对抗牵引.术者一手固定于尺、桡骨远端,另一手将桡侧脱位的腕骨向尺侧推压,同时令助手屈曲腕关节,复位成功.用背、掌侧石膏托作腕关节功能位固定.3周后去石膏,舒筋活络中药水外洗,练习腕关节活动.6个月后复查,左腕关节伸屈功能正常,偶有酸胀感.     

锁定加压接骨板治疗骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折

目的评价锁定加压接骨板治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的疗效。方法对23例Melone分型ⅡA以上的老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折采用掌侧入路,锁定加压接骨板内固定联合植骨进行手术治疗。通过对患者术后X线片观察、腕关节功能随访等分析,评价该方法的疗效。结果经术后平均1.7年随访,18例术后没有腕关节疼痛,能满足日常生活要求;2例术后仍存在腕关节疼痛;3例存在手指活动受限。术后X线片显示桡骨远端关节面平均掌倾9.8°,尺偏19.5°;桡骨茎突较尺骨茎突平均长1.1cm;1例桡骨远端较术后早期X线片缩短0.2cm。结论老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折(Melone分型ⅡA以上),采用掌侧入路锁定加压接骨板内固定配合服用中药骨康方煎剂,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

马德隆畸形的治疗方法探讨

目的　探讨马德隆畸形的治疗方法。　方法　2 0 0 0年3月～2 0 0 3年11月,治疗7例马德隆畸形,其中男2例,女5例,年龄18～2 3岁;原因不明5例,外伤史2例。桡骨尺倾角37～70°,掌倾角大于16°。手术分别在前臂远端尺桡侧作纵行切口,对尺骨实施段切,桡骨楔形截骨,矫正畸形,双十字钢丝纵向加压固定尺骨,髓内针对桡骨矫形并固定。腕关节位于休息位,紧缩尺侧腕伸肌腱。　结果　术后7例腕畸形均改善,桡骨尺倾角减小到2 0～2 4°,掌倾角<15°。7例均获随访9个月～3年8个月,平均2年;与术前比较患者腕部畸形全部矫正,腕痛消失,腕关节活动及前臂旋转功能接近正常;腕关节背伸有力。　结论　尺骨段切、桡骨远端截骨、改善内固定及加尺侧腕伸肌紧缩术治疗马德隆畸形,对消除畸形、减轻腕痛、改善功能,以及减少下尺桡关节创伤性关节炎有较好疗效     

原发性指浅屈肌筋膜挛缩症一例报告

原发性指浅屈肌筋膜挛缩症一例报告王永凯，于益民思者３岁．男童，１９９２年１月］０日入院。主诉：左环指伸直受限进行性加重８个月。手部及前臂无异常情况。检查：发育营养良好，左腕在中立位及掌屈时，诸手指活动自如；腕背届时，左环指近侧指间关节伸直受限，并随腕...     

两种内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折伴尺骨茎突基底部骨折的疗效比较

目的比较采用桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板+尺骨茎突单皮质骨螺钉固定和单纯桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折伴尺骨茎突基底部骨折的疗效。方法将73例桡骨远端骨折伴尺骨茎突基底部骨折患者按治疗方法的不同分为观察组(采用桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板+尺骨茎突单皮质骨螺钉固定治疗,38例)和对照组(采用单纯桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板治疗,35例)。测量桡骨远端掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度。术后4个月采用Dienst功能评分标准评价临床疗效。末次随访时采用腕关节活动度评价腕关节功能恢复情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间9~16个月。术后掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后4个月采用Dienst功能评分标准评价临床疗效的优良率,观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。末次随访时两组腕关节功能均已恢复。结论与采用单纯桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板治疗相比,桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板+尺骨茎突单皮质骨螺钉固定治疗桡骨远端骨折伴尺骨茎突基底部骨折更利于改善患者临床症状,更利于恢复腕关节的稳定性。     

Combined Monteggia and Galeazzi fractures in a child: a case report and review of the literature

We present an unusual case in which a combination of Monteggia and Galeazzi fractures occurred in the same forearm. The patient was a 10-year-old male who climbed up the pole of a basketball net, caught hold of the net, then lost his grip, and fell onto his right hand. On physical examination, a complete paralysis of the radial ulnar and median nerves was recognized. X-rays showed an olecranon fracture and lateral dislocation of the radial head in the elbow joint, a dorsal dislocation of the distal bone fragments due to a fracture of the distal third of the radius, and a palmar dislocation of the distal end of the ulna at the wrist joint. The injuries were diagnosed as a combination of a Bado type III Monteggia fracture and a palmar-type Galeazzi fracture of the same arm. Manual reduction and immobilization in a plaster cast were performed. Three years after the injury, both the distal and proximal radioulnar joints were maintained in the reduction position. Range of motion was reduced minimally in extension at the patient's elbow, and there was complete recovery of all three nerves. A combination of Monteggia and Galeazzi fractures in the same arm has been reported in only two pediatric patients worldwide and in eight cases total when adult patients are included, indicating that this is an extremely rare trauma.     

Brace treatment of Colles' fracture

Twenty patients with Colles' fractures were treated with a functional brace that allows wrist motion. The result was compared with a similar group of patients treated with a plaster cast. Dorsal displacement of the fracture was less and wrist function was better in the brace group. Swelling of the hand during the early stages was observed in the brace group; and because this may necessitate brace adjustment, increased medical supervision is necessary for this period.     

Brace treatment of Colles' fracture

Twenty patients with Colles' fractures were treated with a functional brace that allows wrist motion. The result was compared with a similar group of patients treated with a plaster cast. Dorsal displacement of the fracture was less and wrist function was better in the brace group. Swelling of the hand during the early stages was observed in the brace group; and because this may necessitate brace adjustment, increased medical supervision is necessary for this period.     

Dorsal distal radius fractures in children: role of plaster in redisplacement of these fractures

The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify the role of plaster in redisplacement of dorsal distal radius fracture in children. A total of 60 children with displaced dorsal distal radius fractures were included in this study. All these fractures were reduced under general anesthesia. A total of 22 redisplacements were observed. Statistical analysis was performed to search for risk factors of redisplacement. Poor modeling immobilization of the wrist in the cast, studied by the three-point index was the only significant risk factors for redisplacement. The three-point index is an excellent index to predict redisplacement and assess the quality of the cast treatment of these fractures. The type of study or level of evidence is therapeutic IV.     

Stabilization of comminuted fractures of the distal inch of the radius: percutaneous pinning.

Comminuted fractures of the distal inch of the radius have always been difficult to stabilize. Closed reduction and plaster cast fixation frequently result in recurring deformity and some loss of wrist function. A method of closed pinning with proper placement of multiple small Kirschner wires to supplement plaster cast fixation in selected comminuted fractures helps retain anatomical position of the major fragments of the distal end of the radius. This method is sound in principle and we recommend its use in the treatment of severly comminuted fractures of the distal end of the radius.     

Three-dimensional analysis of the gap space under forearm casts

PurposeSecondary displacement represents a frequent complication of conservative treatment of fractures, particularly of the distal radius. The gap space between skin and cast may lead to a certain degree movements and this increased mobility might favor redisplacement. The aim of this study was to develop a new 3D method, to measure the gap space in all 3 geometrical planes, and to validate this new technique in a clinical setting of distal radius fractures.MethodsThis study applies 3D imaging to measure the space between plaster and skin as a potential factor of secondary displacement and therefore the failure of conservative treatment. We developed and validated a new methodology to analyze and compare different forearm casts made of plaster of Paris and fiberglass. An unpaired t-test was performed to document differences between the investigated parameters between plaster of Paris and fiberglass casts. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsIn a series of 15 cases, we found the width of the gap space to average 4 mm, being slightly inferior on the radial side. Comparing the two different casting materials, plaster of Paris and fiberglass, we found a significantly larger variance of space under casts made of the first material (p=0.39). A roughness analysis showed also a markedly significantly higher irregularity of the undersurface of plaster of Paris as compared with fiberglass.ConclusionThis study allows for a better understanding of the nature of the “gap space” between cast and skin and will contribute to develop and improve new immobilization techniques and materials.     

A Galeazzi-variant type fracture-dislocation in adults

Objective：Fracture of either radius or ulna with a dislocation either at the proximal or distal radioulnar joint （DRUJ） is not a common injury and is inherently unstable.Here we report a case series,with both-bone forearm fractures associated with dislocation of DRUJ,as a Galeazzi-variant type fracture-dislocation,and try to analyze this injury pattern.Methods：The study was based on 6 patients having Galeazzi-variant type fracture-dislocation of different age （20 to 45 years）.All fractures were closed type.Two fractures involved the same level and three fractures were at different levels of radius and ulna shaft.After thorough examination and investigations they were treated with limited contact dynamic compression plate without additional fixation for DRUJ.Results：All cases were followed up for 24 weeks.The maximum incidence occurred in age group between 31 and 40 years.All the fractures of both radius and ulna were united in average time of 12 weeks.Range of motion of wrist and elbow,supination and pronation at final follow-up were normal.There was no subsequent re-subluxation or dislocation of the DRUJ in any of the cases.Conclusion：Galeazzi variant in adult is a new undescribed pattern of forearm with wrist injury.Stable open reduction and internal fixation of both-bone forearm fractures is mandatory,followed by 3 to 4 weeks of immobilization in a cast for the healing of disrupted DRUJ.     

Pediatric floating elbow.

SUMMARY: A retrospective review of 16 patients with floating elbow injuries over a 9-year period at a tertiary care children's hospital confirms that these injuries are associated with substantial swelling and the potential to develop compartment syndrome, particularly when circumferential cast immobilization is used. Among 10 patients in whom the forearm was treated with closed reduction and plaster immobilization, a compartment syndrome developed in 2, and 4 patients had incipient compartment syndrome that responded to splitting of the cast; 3 of these subsequently required remanipulation of the distal radius. One patient with compartment syndrome had Volkmann ischemic contracture. Six patients underwent stabilization of both the distal humeral and forearm fractures with percutaneously inserted Kirschner wires, thereby allowing postreduction immobilization in a split cast. None of these patients had problems with excessive swelling or compartment syndrome. Percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation of both the humeral and forearm fractures in pediatric floating elbow injuries allows noncircumferential immobilization, thereby reducing the risk of compartment syndrome.     

A modified pins-and-plaster technique incorporating early motion for fractures of the distal radius

A modified pins and plaster technique allowing early wrist motion for comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal radius was used in 14 patients. At an average of 12 days after injury, hinges were applied and the cast sectioned at the wrist. Wrist motion, controlled by the amount and site of cast removal, was allowed thereafter. This relatively simple method appeared to maintain a satisfactory fracture reduction and be advantageous in avoiding wrist stiffness. Careful attention to detail regarding pin placement is recommended.