GCS基因的表达与急性白血病耐药的相关性探讨

目的:探讨葡萄糖神经酰胺合成酶(glucosylceramide synthase,GCS)基因的表达与急性白血病患者耐药的相关性.方法:以β-actin基因为内参照物,采用RT-PCR方法分析了36例耐药/非耐药急性白血病患者血标本中GCS基因及经典的多药耐药基因(mdr1)的表达情况;并同时对标本中的BCL-2基因和BAX基因的表达水平亦进行了检测,以初步探讨GCS基因导致肿瘤细胞耐药的机制.结果:急性白血病耐药组标本的GCS基因及mdr1基因的扩增条带吸光度(A)相对比值均明显高于非耐药组(P＜0.001).耐药组BCL-2基因扩增条带A相对比值同样明显高于非耐药组(P＜0.001),而BAX基因的表达则明显低于非耐药组(P＜0.01),BCL/BAX比值在耐药及非耐药组之间差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:GCS基因在急性白血病细胞耐药的形成过程中可能起重要作用,且GCS促进肿瘤细胞耐药的机制可能与其通过催化神经酰胺糖基化从而影响凋亡相关基因的表达有关.     

卵巢癌中多药耐药基因的表达及其意义

为探讨卵巢癌隐含的耐药机制及其对化疗的影响,用RT－PCR方法对7例正常卵巢组织及32例卵巢癌进行了多药耐药基因（mdr1)检测,结果表明：正常卵巢组织中,rdr1基因均无表达,32例卵巢癌中,mdr1表达阳性率为28．1％,mdr1基因表达与病理类型有关（P＜0．05）,而且mdr1表达阳性者耐药发生率（55．6％）显著高于阴性者（8．6％,P＜0．01）。结果提示：卵巢癌中隐含有由mdr1介导的多药耐药机制,mdr1的表达与卵巢癌的化疗耐药有一定的关系。     

P—170在复发难治性白血病中的表达及临床意义

急性白血病的复发与难治和白血病发生多药耐药（multidrugresistance，MDR）有关，发生MDR现象的主要机制是多药耐药基因（mdr；基因）的过度表达，mdr；基因的表达产物为定位于细胞膜上．分子量为170KDa的糖蛋白（Glycoproteins，P-170），为探讨P－170在复发难治性白血病中的表达及临床意义，用免疫组织化学ABC法检测了48例复发难治性白血病的P－170表达，其，阳性表达率为77．1％．结果表明：P－170在复发难治性白血病中有高度表达，本方法检测白血病MDR及对逆转白血病的MDR有一定的临床意义及指导意义．     

复发及难治急性髓细胞白血病病人多药耐药基因检测及意义

目的研究复发及难治急性髓细胞白血病（AML）病人多药耐药基因（mdr1）的表达及其与临床疗效的关系。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测65例AML病人（其中初诊组38例,完全缓解组14例,复发难治组13例）、27例非白血病病人和健康人（包括健康人15例、缺铁性贫血病人10例、特发性血小板减少性紫癜病人2例）mdr1基因的表达水平,并分析其临床意义。结果AML病人mdr1基因表达阳性率高于对照组,复发难治组mdr1基因表达阳性率高于初诊组和完全缓解组,临床耐药组mdr1基因表达阳性率显著高于非临床耐药组,CR率非临床耐药组显著高于临床耐药组,差异均有显著性（χ^2=8.334～49.630,P〈0.01）。结论mdr1基因阳性表达与AML病人临床耐药密切相关,是影响预后的重要因素,可作为检测临床耐药和判断预后的指标之一。     

复方浙贝颗粒联合阿霉素对K562／A02移植瘤mdr1基因表达的影响

目的：探讨复方浙贝颗粒联合阿霉素对K562／A02移植瘤多药耐药基因mdr1表达的影响。 方法：将人红白血病多药耐药细胞系K562／A02细胞接种于BALB／c—nu裸小鼠腋前皮下构建多药耐药移植瘤模型,给予不同剂量复方浙贝颗粒灌胃联合阿霉素腹腔注射治疗。治疗14d后处死小鼠,剥离肿瘤,检测各组移植瘤的瘤质量,计算抑瘤率;荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测各组移植瘤mdr1基因表达,2^-△△Ct法计算各组mdr1倍增变化率。 结果：各剂量复方浙贝颗粒联合阿霉素组的瘤质量明显低于模型组（P〈0．05）;高、中剂量复方浙贝颗粒联合阿霉素组的瘤质量明显低于阿霉素组（P〈0．05）;高、中剂量复方浙贝颗粒联合阿霉素组移植瘤mdr1基因表达较阿霉素组明显减少（P〈0．05）。 结论：复方浙贝颗粒（高、中剂量）联合阿霉素能够减少多药耐药移植瘤mdr1基因的表达。     

葡萄糖神经酰胺合酶基因在多药耐药肿瘤细胞株KBV200的表达及其与肿瘤多药耐药性的关系

目的 观察葡萄糖神经酰胺合酶(glucosylceramide synthase，GCS)基因在人口腔表皮样癌多药耐药细胞株KBV200的表达及其与肿瘤多药耐药性(MDR)的关系。方法 采用RT-PCR分析KBV200及其亲本KB细胞株GCS基因表达的差异，运用MTT法分析KBV200经糖脂合成酶抑制剂苯基棕榈酰胺吗啡丙醇(DL-PPMP)及钙离子通道阻滞剂异搏定处理前后细胞MDR的变化，应用RT-PCR技术检测KBV200细胞耐药逆转后GCS及mdr1基因的表达。结果 KBV200细胞GCS和mdr1基因的表达明显强于KB细胞，而KB细胞mdr1基因表达为阴性。5～25umol／L DL-PPMP均可抑制KBV200 GCS mRNA表达，25umol／L时抑制强度最大；10umol／L异搏定即可抑制KBV200 GCS mRNA表达，15umol／L时抑制作用明显。DL-PPMP和异搏定均可抑制mdr1基因的表达，KBV200经25umol／L DL-PIMP作用48h后细胞内mdr1表达为阴性。结论 异搏定和DL-PPMP对GCS和mdr1基因表达的抑制调节呈浓度依赖性，它们可通过抑制GCS和mdr1基因表达，逆转KBV200对长春新碱的耐药。KBV200 GCS基因的表达与MDR存在正相关，GCS基因可能在肿瘤的多药耐药过程中起着重要作用。     

急性白血病Bcl-2, P-糖蛋白的表达及意义

0 引言 多药耐药基因(MDR1)及其编码产物P-糖蛋白(P-gp)是产生MDR主要机制，其过度表达与急性白血病(AL)预后密切相关[1]．抗凋亡基因bcl-2的高表达与mdr1基因一样可导致白血病细胞MDR[2,3]．     

mdr1、MRP和GST-π在非小细胞肺癌多药耐药机制中的作用

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌的化疗耐药性和参与介导多药耐药的相关基因和蛋白mdrl、MRP、GST-π的表达，对比分析非小细胞肺癌的化疗耐药性与耐药相关基因表达的关系，明确各耐药相关基因在介导非小细胞肺癌耐药机制中的作用。方法应用肿瘤细胞体外培养和MTT法对91例未经化疗的非小细胞肺癌进行体外化疗药物敏感性测试，观察非小细胞肺癌分别对环磷酰胺、阿霉素、顺铂＋氟尿嘧啶3种单药和联合用药方案耐药情况和总的耐药情况，并用免疫组织化学方法对其进行3种耐药相关基因（mdr1、MRP以及GST-π）表达的检测，并将其表达情况与对应的化疗耐药性进行相关分析。结果91例NSCLC化疗敏感性检测结果显示：53例（58．2％）对环磷酰胺耐药，51例（56．0％）对阿霉素耐药，42例（46．2％）对顺铂＋氟尿嘧啶耐药。其中，19例（20．9％）对3种用药均敏感，27例（29．8％）对3种用药均耐药，其耐药性与组织学类型和分化程度无关（P〉0．05）。P—gp、MRP和GST-π在91例非小细胞肺癌中总的阳性表达率分别为：58．2％、73．6％和64．8％。鳞癌和腺癌相比P—gP、MRP、和GST-π的表达差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。P—gP、MRP和GST-π的表达与对3种化疗用药的耐药性均呈显著正相关（P〈0．05），并且不同表达程度问差异也有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论P—gp、MRP和GST-π在非小细胞肺癌中均有较高的阳性表达并共同介导参与了非小细胞肺癌固有化疗耐药的机制。     

夏枯草对Raji细胞多药耐药基因表达影响的研究

目的探讨夏枯草（prunella vulgaris,PV）对Raji细胞多药耐药基因（mdr1）表达的影响。方法MTT法测定阿霉素（ADM）单用、PV与不同浓度梯度ADM联合应用对Raji细胞半数抑制率（IC50）的影响;运用逆转录多聚酶链式反应（RT—PCR）检测不同浓度的PV对Raji细胞mdr1基因表达水平的影响。结果①PV和ADM联用与ADM单用相比,可降低Raji细胞对ADM的,C50值（P〈0．05）。②Raji细胞有mdr1基因的表达。③不同浓度的PV（三个浓度）作用于Raji细胞后其mdr1基因的表达水平有不同程度下调,且随着PV浓度的增加,下调作用更加明显（P〈0．05）。结论PV能部分逆转Raji细胞对阿霉素的耐药性,其机制可能与调节mdr1基因表达水平有关。     

亚砷酸对白血病K562/A02细胞的作用及机制

目的研究亚砷酸对白血病多药耐药细胞株K562/A02细胞的作用及对多药耐药基因1（mdr1）、P糖蛋白（P-gp）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响,探讨亚砷酸逆转白血病多药耐药（MDR）的作用机制。方法将K562/A02细胞与不同浓度的亚砷酸（0、0.5、2.0、5.0μmol/L）共同孵育,分别在24、48、72h时,用Wrights染色法观察K562/A02细胞形态,流式细胞术（FCM）检测凋亡细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖活性,RT-PCR法检测mdr1mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学法观察P-gp表达,并用ELISA法检测VEGF的浓度。结果随着亚砷酸作用浓度和时间的增加,K562/A02细胞的数目减少,并出现凋亡形态学改变,FCM显示随着作用浓度和时间的增加,细胞凋亡率逐渐上升;从作用48h组开始,mdr1mRNA及P-gp的表达出现显著降低（P〈0.05）,mdr1mRNA条带颜色较空白对照组明显变浅,mdrl/GAPDH灰度比值下降,此时,P-gp的灰度值上升,且随亚砷酸作用浓度和时间的增加,mdr1mRNA条带颜色进一步变浅,表达水平进一步下降;ELISA法检测表明从0.5μmol/L作用24h组开始,VEGF浓度即下降至405.02pg/mL（P〈0.05）,相同作用时间下以5.0μmol/L组较其它浓度组下调VEGF的作用最为显著。结论亚砷酸呈药物浓度-时间依赖性抑制K562/A02细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,下调VEGF表达,有效抑制了mdrlmRNA的产生和P-gp的合成。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.