清除循环炎症因子对体外循环心脏手术患者肾、肺功能的保护作用

目的观察清除循环细胞因子对体外循环心脏直视手术患者术后肾、肺功能的影响。方法30例接受换瓣术的风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者分成两组,每组15例,分别在体外循环(CPB)回路中安放具有吸附细胞因子功能的磺化聚丙烯腈膜(AN69)滤器(实验组),或不具有吸附功能的三醋酸纤维素膜(CT190G)滤器(对照组)。比较两组术前、术中和术后血浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)、白细胞介素(IL)6、IL8、IL10、白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂(IL1ra)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平并观察两组术后肾、肺功能的变化。结果(1)二组术后TNFα、IL6、IL8、CRP、IL10、IL1ra水平较术前均明显升高(均P<0.05)。CPB结束时,实验组TNFα(10ng/L±3ng/L)、IL6(115ng/L±22ng/L)水平均明显低于对照组TNFα(13ng/L±3ng/L)、IL6(134ng/L±29ng/L)(均P<0.05)。实验组IL10、IL1ra水平仅略低于对照组(均P>0.05)。(2)CPB术后24h,实验组与对照白细胞计数升高幅度分别为(17±3)×109/L和(22±3)×109/L,体温升高幅度1.6℃±0.2℃和2.1℃±0.2℃,心率升高幅度15次/min±4次/min和23次/min±6次/min,CRP升高幅度56mg/L±13mg/L和69mg/L±15mg/L,均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。(3)术后24h实验组、对照组尿蛋白分别为0.20g/d±0.08g/d、0.30g/d±0.14g/d,尿NAG酶分别为28U/L±11U/L、38U/L±13U/L,实验组均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。实验组内生肌酐清除率(68±7)ml·min-1·1.73m-2明显高于对照组(57±11)ml·min-1·1.73m-2(P<0.05)。(4)CPB结束后60min,实验组气道平台压和气道峰压增加幅度亦明显低于对照组(均P<0.01)。实验组术后停止机械辅助呼吸时间为4.9h±0.6h,明显早于对照组5.8h±0.8h(P<0.05)。结论在CPB中用AN69膜滤器吸附循环炎症因子,能明显改善CPB术后全身炎症反应,减少对肾、肺的损害。     

体外循环中肺内白细胞聚集的临床观察

实验观察了15例成年心脏病患者体外循环(CPB)期间血清丙二醛(MDA)及血白细胞总数及分类的变化。结果转机结束时左心房血白细胞总数(10.52±4.17)×10~9/L 及粒细胞(8.86±4.04)×10~9/L 均明显低于右心房血(11.43±3.53)×10~9/L 及(9.64±3.70)×10~9/L;同时血清 MDA(4.24±1.14μmol/L,血白细胞总数及粒细胞值均明显高于转流前[3.18±0.73μmol/L,(7.17±2.01)×10~9/L 及((5.35±1.57)×10~9/L]。提示 CPB 期间肺内有大量白细胞聚集,氧白由基产生增加,脂质过氧化加强,是造成肺内皮细胞损伤致肺功能不全的可能机理,并为临床探讨减少 CPB 心脏手术后肺功能不全的发生提供了一定的依据。     

间断给氧对兔体外循环中肺损伤的保护

目的　研究间断给氧对兔体外循环 ( CPB)中肺的保护作用 ,并探讨其机制 .方法　采用兔 CPB模型 ,CPB中间断给氧 ,测定肺组织的丙二醛 ( MDA ) ,髓过氧化物酶( MPO) ,肺组织血管通透性 ( EB值 )及湿干质量比 ( W/ D) ,并观察肺组织超微结构的变化 .结果　间断给氧组肺组织MDA含量 ( 81± 5 ) mol.kg- 1 明显低于 CPB组 ( 139± 17) mol.kg- 1 ,P<0 .0 1.MPO含量 ( 6 .3± 1.9)× 10 3U.kg- 1 明显低于 CPB组 ( 9.4± 0 .6 )× 10 3U.kg- 1 ,P<0 .0 1.血管通透性( EB值 ) ( 1.9± 0 .2 )明显低于 CPB组 ( 3.2± 0 .0 7) ,P<0 .0 5 .W/ D值 ( 8.7± 0 .8)明显低于 CPB组 ( 11.3± 2 .3) ,P<0 .0 5 .结论　 CPB期间存在肺缺血再灌注损伤 ;间断给氧可减轻肺损伤 ,具有肺保护作用     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠肺内白细胞介素-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α与气道炎症的关系研究

目的　探讨白细胞介素 8(IL 8)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)发病机制中的作用。方法单纯熏香烟法建立COPD模型 ,支气管肺泡灌洗计数支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中细胞计数和百分比 ,酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定BALF和血清中的IL 8与肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)浓度 ,肺组织切片行苏木素 伊红染色观察形态学改变 ,采用图像分析系统定量测定肺平均内衬间隔 (MLI)、平均肺泡数 (MAN)和肺泡腔面积与总面积比 (PAA)。结果　COPD组MLI、PAA比正常对照组增高 ,而MAN低于对照组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。与正常对照组比较 ,COPD组BALF中IL 8浓度 [(114 5±15 7)pg/ml对 (2 59 4± 2 0 1)pg/ml ,P <0 0 1]、TNF α浓度 [(80 5± 9 5)pg/ml对 (14 5 9± 17 3 )pg/ml ,P <0 0 1]、白细胞总数 [(1 64± 0 12 )× 10 8/L对 (5 76± 0 2 9)× 10 8/L ,P <0 0 1]、中性粒细胞绝对计数 [(0 0 99± 0 0 65)× 10 8/L对 (1 2 6± 0 2 5)× 10 8/L ,P <0 0 1]、中性粒细胞百分比 [(5 9± 3 6) %对(2 1 8± 3 7) % ,P <0 0 5]均增高 ,差异有统计学意义。COPD组血清中IL 8浓度亦比对照组增高[(45 2± 13 5)pg/ml对 (85 7± 7 0 )pg/ml ,P <0 0 1]。COPD组BALF中IL 8浓度与BALF中白细胞总数、中性粒细胞百分     

IL-8 IL-17与支气管哮喘发病关系的研究

目的　探讨白介素 - 8(IL - 8)及白介素 - 17(IL - 17)在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用。方法　搜集 30例支气管哮喘急性发作期患者治疗前后及其缓解期和 2 0例健康者的静脉血 ,离心后取血清 ,采用酶联免疫吸附实验 (ELISA)法测定血清中IL - 8、IL - 17的浓度 ,同时测定出所有受试者 (急性期治疗前后、缓解期、正常人 )外周血中性粒细胞计数。结果　支气管哮喘急性发作期患者血清IL - 8浓度 (70 1 5 3± 12 1 34)pg/L与缓解期 (2 2 8 5 3± 5 7 5 8)pg/L及对照组 (2 0 2 87± 31 14 )pg/L比较 ,均有极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。支气管哮喘急性发作期患者血清IL - 17浓度 (76 0 1± 4 35 )pg/L与缓解期 (2 0 85± 3 6 8)pg/L及对照组 (16 30± 3 0 8)pg/L比较 ,均有极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。支气管哮喘急性发作期患者外周血白细胞计数 (12 34±2 9)× 10 9/L与缓解期 (5 9± 1 39)× 10 9/L及对照组 (3 87± 0 83)× 10 9/L比较 ,均有极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。支气管哮喘急性发作期患者治疗后 ,血清IL - 8浓度 (4 2 2 6 7± 88 9)pg/L明显低于治疗前 ;血清IL -17浓度 (4 4 0 2± 4 82 )pg/L也明显低于治疗前。血清IL - 8、IL - 17浓度与外周血中性粒细胞计数呈正相关(γ =0 6 34、γ =0 5 94 )。     

白细胞滤器在临床中的应用

目的　评估白细胞滤器在临床输血中的应用价值。方法　 80例患者接受滤除白细胞输血。对 2 0 0U红细胞悬液滤除白细胞前、后分别进行白细胞计数和血红蛋白测定 ,并对患者输血反应进行了观察。结果　应用白细胞滤器后其白细胞比过滤前显著减低 ,过滤前、后白细胞数分别为 ( 6 .16± 1.4 4 )× 10 9/L与 ( 0 .12± 0 .10 )×10 9/L(P <0 .0 1) ,血红蛋白过滤前、后无显著性差异 ,结果分别为 ( 16 1.5 8± 2 3.31)g/L与 ( 15 7.84± 2 2 .35 )g/L(P >0 .0 5 )。 80例接受少白细胞血的受血者均未出现输血反应。结论　白细胞滤器能有效去除白细胞 ,能减少非溶血性输血反应     

白细胞滤器-1对体外循环中白细胞数量、IL-6、MPO水平和心肌病理学变化的影响

目的　研究白细胞滤器(L D- 1)在犬体外循环(CPB)中对白细胞数量、IL- 6、MPO水平和心肌病理变化的影响。方法　对照组犬(n=6 )不使用L D- 1;过滤组犬(n=6 )将L D- 1安装于CPB的静脉回流端。在CPB开始2 m in后打开滤器过滤5 m in。分别于CPB前、CPB10 min、4 0 m in、75 m in、停CPB及CPB后2 h测定血常规、IL- 6和MPO。在CPB前、鱼精蛋白中和肝素5 m in和CPB后2 h取心肌作病理学检测。结果　过滤组白细胞下降到CPB前的36 % ,CPB中低于对照组相同时间点,停CPB后2 h两组均基本恢复至CPB前水平;过滤组IL - 6在CPB后4 0min达到高峰,高于对照组,CPB后2 h明显低于对照组(P<0 .0 5 ) ;CPB期间两组MPO变化和心肌病理学检测无统计学意义。结论　CPB中使用L D- 1能减少白细胞的数量,能阻止或减轻CPB中白细胞介导的炎症反应,而对心肌的病理变化无明显影响。     

雌激素对关节软骨细胞生长因子mRNA表达的影响

目的　观察雌激素对体外培养兔关节软骨细胞生长因子mRNA表达的影响。方法　体外培养雌兔关节软骨细胞,分为 A、B 两组。A 组中分别加入 17β 雌二醇 0 mol/L (正常对照亚组)及 1×10-6 ~1×10-12 mol/L干预72 h;B组先以白介素(IL) 1β10 ng/ml干预24 h,随后分别加入17β 雌二醇0 mol/L(单用IL 1β亚组)及 1×10-6 ~1×10-12 mol/L作用 72 h。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应测定软骨细胞转化生长因子(TGF) β1、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF) Ⅰ、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)mRNA的表达。结果　A组的 1×10-6、1×10-7、1×10-11、1×10-12 mol/L 17β 雌二醇亚组和B组的单用 IL 1β亚组的 TGF β1 mRNA 表达量低于A组的正常对照亚组,B组的 IL 1β+1×10-11、1×10-12 mol/L 17β 雌二醇亚组较单用 IL 1β亚组表达增加。A组的1×10-6、1×10-7、1×10-8、1×10-9、1×10-12 mol/L 17β 雌二醇亚组 bFGF mRNA 表达量较正常对照亚组多;B组的单用 IL 1β亚组不表达 bFGF mRNA , IL 1β+1×10-6、1×10-7、1×10-8、1×10-11、1×10-12mol/L 17β 雌二醇亚组表达 bFGF mRNA。A组的正常对照亚组和 B组的单用 IL 1β亚组均不表达 IGF ⅠmRNA,A组的1×10-6~1×10-12 mol/L 17β 雌二醇亚组及 B组的 IL 1β+1×10-7、1×     

体外循环术中血滤器应用对血浆炎症介质的影响

目的　探讨体外循环 (CPB)手术中应用血滤器对血浆炎症介质的影响。　方法　选择 2 0例择期行换瓣手术病人 ,在CPB中应用血滤器 ,分别在麻醉诱导后、CPB开始后 30min、主动脉开放后、超滤结束后及术后 2h分别抽血测定炎症介质肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)、白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)浓度。　结果　血浆中炎症介质TNF、IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8的浓度在CPB开始后 30min、主动脉阻断钳开放后均显著上升 ,与麻醉诱导后比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。超滤结束后及术后 2h细胞因子浓度水平呈显著性下降。　结论　在CPB手术中应用血滤器能显著减少TNF、IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8等炎症介质的浓度水平 ,提示血滤器能清除CPB手术病人血浆中炎症介质作用。     

子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔液中IL-1β及IL-2含量的变化

目的　探讨腹腔液中白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)及白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )水平的变化在子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )及其所致不孕中的作用。方法　收集因内异症进行手术治疗的患者 30例 (内异症组 )及手术后确诊为与内异症无关病例 18例 (对照组 ) ,两组患者均于围排卵期取腹腔液 ,应用放射免疫分析法检测其中IL 1β与IL 2的含量。结果　内异症患者围排卵期腹腔液中IL 1β及IL 2含量 [(0 .99± 0 .4 6 ) μg/L ,(1.5 2± 0 .93) μg/L]均明显高于对照组[(0 .73± 0 .30 ) μg/L ,(0 .99± 0 .4 9) μg/L ,P <0 .0 5 ]。结论　内异症患者腹腔液中异常增高的IL 1β及IL 2可能是导致内异症及相关不孕症发生发展的原因之一。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.