外伤性颈椎间盘突出型脊髓损伤的手术治疗

目的评价外伤性颈椎间盘突出型脊髓损伤手术治疗的效果.方法回顾分析48例外伤性颈椎间盘突出型脊髓损伤患者的临床资料,术前Frankel分级A级2例,B级16例,C级20例,D级10例;JOA评分平均5.5±3.5分.均采用颈椎前路椎间盘切除、椎体间植骨、钛板内固定术,依据术前、术后Frailkel分级情况及JOA评分改善率评价治疗效果.结果术后除1例Frankel分级B级患者无恢复外,其余患者恢复l一4个等级.随访4～36个月.平均18个月.术后2个月时JOA评分为12.2±3.2分,改善率为59.9%±17.8%;末次随访时JOA评分为14.4±3.6分.改善率为68.0%±17.0%.随访中未见内置物松动、脱落或断裂等并发症发生,固定节段均获得骨性融合.结论应用颈椎前路椎间盘切除、椎体间植骨、钛板内固定术治疗外伤性颈椎间盘突出型脊髓损伤可获得较理想的脊髓功能恢复效果.     

椎间融合器与颈椎钛板联合在颈椎前路多节段减压融合术中的应用

目的探讨多节段颈椎间盘突出症的治疗方法。方法对15例多节颈椎间盘突出症进行3节或4节应用融合器以及颈椎前路钛板固定术。结果使用JOA评分评定其效果,术后1个月时JOA评分为(14.2±1.5)分,平均增加(4.5±1.0)分,与术前比较有明显差异(P0.01);其中改善率优良的13例,临床满意率为86.7%。末次随访时JOA评分为(14.3±2.3)分,与术后1个月时的JOA评分相比无明显差异。术后6个月后的X线片示15例均完全融合。结论对于前路多节段颈椎间盘退变患者,进行融合器固定同时应用钛板内固定术,效果良好。     

复发性腰椎间盘突出症再手术的术式选择及疗效分析

目的:探讨三种术式治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析.方法:对我院2004年4月～2009年10月收治的随访资料完整的78例腰椎间盘突出症术后复发再次手术患者进行回顾性研究.按照再次术前患者情况及手术方法分三组:A组27例,术前无腰椎失稳、退变性滑脱或椎管狭窄,再次行椎间盘摘除术:B组15例,术前合并腰椎失稳、退变性滑脱或椎管狭窄,行椎间盘摘除+后外侧融合术(posterolateral fusion,PLF);C组36例,术前合并腰椎失稳,退变性滑脱或椎管狭窄,行椎间盘摘除+后路腰椎椎体间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PUF),B组、C组患者依据术前具体病情.术中均采用椎弓根螺钉内固定术.采用日本骨科学会(JOA)29分评分系统和腰痛及腿痛视觉疼痛评分(VAS)两项指标对患者术前、术后和末次随访时的神经功能及自觉症状进行评价,计算改善率.并对结果进行统计学分析.结果:78例患者再次术后均获得随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均24个月.JOA评分术前A组为9.96±2.59,B组为10.20±2.37,C组为9.14±3.16:术后2个月A组为20.37±5.21,B组为22.60±6.62,C组为21.45±6.09;末次随访A组为19.85±6.45.B组为20.40±6.47.C组为20.92±5.51.各组JOh评分与术前相比有统计学意义(P<0.05).各组术前、术后及末次随访腰腿痛(VAS)评分,经配对t检验,差异有显著性(P<0.05);结论:腰椎间盘突出症术后复发根据不同病情采用不同的手术方式治疗,可以取得满意的临床效果.     

Zero-P椎间融合术治疗颈椎间盘突出并脊髓损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨颈前路减压零切迹椎间融合术(Zero-P)治疗外伤性颈椎间盘突出并脊髓损伤的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2011年1月至2014年12月42例外伤性颈椎间盘突出并脊髓损伤患者的资料,其中男30例,女12例;年龄29~70岁,平均年龄48岁。Frankel分级A级4例,B级15例,C级18例,D级5例。均采用颈椎前路椎间盘切除、零切迹椎间融合术,于术前、术后3个月及末次随访时记录Frankel分级情况及JOA评分改善率评价治疗效果。结果 42例均顺利完成手术,术后切口均甲级愈合,随访6~36个月,平均15个月;术后除3例Frankel分级A级患者无恢复外,其余患者恢复1~4个等级。术后3个月时JOA评分为(15.3±1.5)分,改善率为(56.8±15.8)%;末次随访时JOA评分为(15.8±1.5)分,改善率为(66.0±13.0)%。随访中未见内置物松动或断裂等并发症发生,固定节段均获得骨性融合。结论颈前路减压零切迹椎间融合术治疗外伤性颈椎间盘突出并脊髓损伤疗效确切,可获得较理想的脊髓功能恢复效果。     

经皮穿刺髓核切除术治疗退变性颈椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨经皮穿刺颈椎髓核切除术(percutaneouscervicaldiscectomy,PCD)治疗不同退变程度颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法:对我院2000年1月￣2003年12月因退变性颈椎间盘突出症住院行PCD治疗的64例患者进行回顾性分析,椎间盘退变的程度根据MRI分为中度组(mediandegenera-tiongroup,MDG)与重度组(severedegenerationgroup,SDG),对两组手术时间、临床效果及术后颈椎稳定性等方面进行比较。结果:所有病例随访12￣40个月,两组手术均成功。MDG手术时间为13.72±1.46min,SDG为16.97±2.01min,两组间有显著性差异(P<0.01);两组术后JOA评分均显著增高,与术前比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);临床效果(Williams评价)MDG优于SDG,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组手术后均无颈椎不稳病例发生,各手术间隙的椎体角度位移(angulardisplacement,AD)及椎体水平位移(horizontaldisplacement,HD)手术前后均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:PCD适用于不同退变程度的颈椎间盘突出症,及时手术临床疗效好;PCD对颈椎稳定性影响小,不会造成颈椎失稳的发生。     

经皮髓核成形术与椎间盘切除术治疗退变性颈椎间盘突出症

目的比较经皮髓核成形术与经皮椎间盘切除术治疗退变性颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法2002年7月至2004年12月共收治退变性颈椎间盘突出症患者80例,行经皮髓核成形术42例(PCN组),经皮椎间盘切除术38例(PCD组)。回顾性分析两组的临床资料,比较两组在手术时间、临床效果及颈椎稳定性等的差异。结果所有病例随访6~26个月,PCN组平均(12±5)个月;PCD组平均(12±4)个月。两组手术均获成功。两组手术时间有显著差异(t=-21·70,P=0·000);两组手术临床效果(JOA评分)经自身配对t检验显示均有显著性差异(PCN:t=14·05,P=0·000;PCD:t=-14·79,P=0·000),即两组均有效;两组手术临床效果(Williams评分)经Kruskal-Wallis检验无显著差异(z=-0·377,P=0·706,>0·05),即两组临床效果相似。两组手术后均无颈椎不稳病例发生,颈椎稳定性手术前后均无显著差异(P>0·05)。结论经皮髓核成形术与经皮椎间盘切除术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效优良,对颈椎稳定性影响小,不会造成颈椎失稳的发生。     

人工颈椎间盘置换联合颈前路融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的评价人工颈椎间盘置换联合颈前路融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法采用人工颈椎间盘置换联合颈前路融合治疗18例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者。根据术前、术后、随访时的颈椎X线片观察人工椎间盘、内固定、植骨融合以及JOA评分改善情况。结果 18例均获随访,时间24~60(36±9.6)个月。置换间隙平均活动度术前为13.8°±6.5°,末次随访时为12.5°±5.3°,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。JOA评分术前为9.5分±1.5分,术后4个月时为14.2分±2.2分,平均改善率62.7%±11.2%,其中优9例,良5例,可2例,差2例。所有病例内置物无松动、移位及断裂,人工椎间盘位置良好。结论人工颈椎间盘置换联合颈前路融合术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病能维持颈椎活动度,减少固定融合节段,同时又减少邻近节段运动负荷。     

颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形悬吊固定与微型钛板固定治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的长期疗效

目的:对比分析颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形悬吊固定与微型钛板固定治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的长期疗效。方法:2006年1月~2011年12月在我院行单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术的173例颈椎OPLL患者作为研究对象,根据固定方式不同分为两组:采用悬吊固定的患者为A组,共76例,其中男44例,女32例,年龄59.8±8.9岁,病程112.7±4.8个月,术前JOA评分为10.5±1.0分,术前颈椎活动度(ROM)为40.6°±1.6°,椎管矢状径为15.5±2.5mm,随访时间83.2±8.8个月;采用微型钛板固定的患者为B组,共97例,其中男58例,女39例,年龄61.9±6.0岁,病程113.1±4.1个月,术前JOA评分为11.5±1.9分,颈椎ROM为41.8°±3.6°,椎管矢状径为16.3±3.0mm,随访时间81.2±9.8个月。术前患者均存在不同程度的四肢肌力减退、步态不稳、双下肢肌张力增高、病理征阳性等髓性症状和体征。记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、平均住院费用、术后并发症发生情况,末次随访时对患者进行JOA评分,测量颈椎ROM和椎管矢状径,计算末次随访时JOA评分改善率、颈椎ROM丢失和椎管矢状径改善率。结果:两组患者年龄、性别比、病程、术前JOA评分、颈椎ROM、椎管矢状径和随访时间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。A组术中出血量为215±20ml,手术时间为1.7±0.6h,平均住院费用为5.6±0.8万元,术后4例发生C5神经根麻痹,8例发生轴性痛,1例再关门;B组术中出血量217±17ml,手术时间为1.8±0.5h,平均住院费用为7.8±1.4万元,术后7例发生C5神经根麻痹,10例发生轴性痛。两组术中出血量、手术时间和术后并发症发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05),A组平均住院费用显著性低于B组(P<0.01)。末次随访时A组JOA评分改善率为(53.23±13.76)%,B组为(54.22±14.11)%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组颈椎ROM丢失8.3°±5.2°,B组为12.1°±6.6°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组椎管矢状径改善率为(28.89±4.33)%,B组为(37.74±3.71)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用微型钛板固定和丝线悬吊固定的颈后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗颈椎OPLL均可达到满意的长期疗效。钛板固定可以更好地维持椎管矢状径的良好状态;悬吊固定在术后长期颈椎ROM保留方面有一定优势,且住院费用更低。     

经皮颈椎间盘髓核成形术与激光减压术治疗颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较经颈椎间盘髓核成形术(PCDN)与经皮颈椎间盘激光气化减压术(PLDD)治疗颈椎病的临床疗效及对颈椎稳定性的影响.方法回顾性分析我院2005年1月～2007年4月因颈椎病住院采用PCDN(72例)与PLDD(72例)治疗病例,比较两组在手术时间、临床效果及颈椎稳定性等方面的差异.临床效果评价采用JOA评分及Williams疗效标准,颈椎稳定性评价采用Katsumi标准.结果两组手术均成功,手术时间PCDN组平均7.12±3.20min,PLDD组平均7.10±2.05min,两组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).PLDD组1例患者术中发生终板损伤出血,术后出现颈部疼痛,对症处理后疼痛缓解.所有病例随访3～28个月,PCDN组平均16.76±6.87个月,PLDD组平均17.23±7.40个月.JOA评分,PCDN组术前为9.37±0.98分,术后为14.52±0.78分;PLDD组术前为9.42±1.21分,术后为14.33±0.85分.两组JOA评分术后与术前比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01);两组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).Williams评估,PCDN组优42例,良21例,可7例,差2例;PLDD组优39例,良23例,可7例,差3例,两组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).两组病例手术后均无颈椎不稳发生,颈椎稳定性手术前后均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论经皮颈椎间盘髓核成形术与经皮椎间盘激光气化减压术治疗颈椎病的临床疗效优良,对颈椎稳定性影响小,不会造成颈椎失稳的发生.     

两种术式治疗氟骨症性颈椎管狭窄症的中期疗效比较

目的:比较颈椎全椎板减压术和单开门椎管成形术治疗氟骨症性颈椎管狭窄症(flurosis cervical stenosis,FCS)的中期随访结果,评价其临床和影像学效果.方法:2000年2月～2003年2月手术治疗97例FCS患者.其中行单开门椎管成形术42例(A组),行全椎板减压术55例(B组).两组患者均随访至少5年,采用日本整形外科学会(JOA)神经功能评分和庆应大学的颈椎轴性症状评分(axial symptom score,ASS)进行临床效果评价.通过手术前和术后5年颈椎X线平片和MRI检查的比较,对患者术后5年脊髓后移程度、颈椎曲度指数(curviture index,CI)和活动度(range of motion,ROM)的改变进行评价.结果:两组患者术后5年JOA评分均较术前显著提高(P＜0.01),A组和B组的JOA评分改善率分别为59%±4%和53%±5%,两组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);A组的ASS为10.8±0.2分,明显高于B组的9.2±0.5分(P＜0.05).术后5年A组和B组的脊髓后移距离分别为4.7±0.2mm和5.1±0.3mm,两组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);两组患者术后5年的CI与术前比较均下降,但A组降低程度显著低于B组(P＜0.05);两组患者术后5年ROM与术前比较均明显降低(P＜0.05),但两组降低程度无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:对于FCS患者全椎板减压手术并不能使脊髓获得更大后移,单开门椎管成形术较之全椎板减压术可以更好地保留骨性结构的完整性,从而更好地维持颈椎曲度,降低术后轴性症状的发生率.     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DCI治疗(DCI组)。记录并比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量,术前及术后1年日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、手术节段Cobb角、C2~7颈椎曲度、邻近椎体高度及颈椎各运动方向(前屈后伸、左右侧曲、左右旋转)的ROM。结果所有手术顺利完成。2组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DCI组手术时间比ACDF组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1年JOA评分、VAS评分和邻近椎体高度均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年ACDF组C2~7颈椎曲度、手术节段Cobb角均较术前有所丢失,DCI组无明显丢失,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年2组前屈后伸、左右侧曲ROM与术前比较均未出现明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年2组左右旋转ROM出现了相近程度的受限,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACDF与DCI治疗单节段CDH均可获得满意的临床效果,虽然ACDF术后影像学资料显示有生理曲度的丢失,但颈椎ROM维持良好,并不影响患者的生活质量。     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.