急性等容血液稀释用于脑膜瘤手术的观察

目的 探讨急性等容血液稀释(ANHD)脑膜瘤手术中对减少输异体血量及术后Hb和Hct的影响。方法 择期脑膜瘤手术病人24例,随机分成对照组(Ⅰ组,n=12)和ANHD组(Ⅱ组,n=12),两组均采用气内全麻。Ⅱ组手术开始前进行血液稀释,比较两组病人围术期出血量、输异体血量和术后Hb、Hct变化。结果 两组病人围术期出血量接近,Ⅱ组有9例完全避免输异体血,余3例各输异体血200ml;Ⅰ组病人均输异体血,输血量400-800ml,显著多于Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。Ⅱ组术毕Hb及Hct与Ⅰ组对比下降(P<0.05),术后第1和第7天与Ⅰ组对比 无差异(P>0.05)。两组病人术中血流动力学基本稳定。结论 急性等容血液稀释可使脑膜瘤手术病人术中减少或不输异体血。     

急性等容血液稀释联合控制性降压用于脊柱矫形手术

目的 :了解急性等容血液稀释联合控制性降压法在脊柱矫形手术中对出血量和术后血红蛋白 (Hgb) ,红细胞压积 (Hct)的影响。方法 :选择脊柱矫形手术患者 2 0例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,随机分成对照组 (组Ⅰ ,n =10 )和稀释组 (组Ⅱ ,n =10 )。行全麻气管插管 ,控制呼吸。组Ⅱ于麻醉后手术前进行急性等容血液稀释 (ANHD) ,术中结合控制性降压。组Ⅰ仅术中进行控制性降压。比较两组病人的出血量 ,输血量和术后Hgb、Hct变化。结果 :组Ⅱ病人术中平均出血 (45 0± 96 )ml,比组Ⅰ (980± 15 4 )ml明显减少。组Ⅰ病人平均输血 (6 10± 14 5 )ml,而组Ⅱ病人没有输血。术后两组病人均有轻度贫血。结论 :急性等容血液稀释联合控制性降压用于脊柱矫形手术可明显减少术中出血量 ,可避免输异体血。     

控制性降压联合急性等容血液稀释用于脑膜瘤手术的研究

目的 :观察控制性降压联合急性等容血液稀释 (AIVH )用于脑膜瘤手术的安全性及对减少输异体血量的影响。方法 :择期开颅脑膜瘤切除术病人 3 0例 ,随机分成对照组 (Ⅰ组 ) ,AIVH组 (Ⅱ组 ) ,AIVH +控制性降压组 (Ⅲ组 )。三组均采用气管插管静脉全麻。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组于气管插管后手术前完成AIVH ,Ⅲ组于手术开始时行控制性降压 ,观察记录三组病人术中出血量、输异体血量、输液量、血流动力学及术后Hb、Hct的变化。结果 :Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的出血量相近 ,分别为(684± 160 )ml和 (692± 166)ml ,明显多于Ⅲ组 (4 11± 15 2 )ml(P <0 0 1) ;Ⅰ组每例均输异体血 ,平均为 (4 94± 160 )ml,Ⅱ组 6例未输异体血 ,4例输异体血 2 0 0～ 40 0ml ,平均 (13 2± 5 8)ml,Ⅲ组则所有病例均避免输异体血 ,三组间比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;Ⅰ组输液量为 (3 13 8± 412 )ml,明显少于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的 (3 746± 44 6)ml、(3 668± 3 80 )ml(P <0 0 1) ;术毕三组病人Hb、Hct均显著低于术前 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组相近 ,均明显高于Ⅱ组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;三组病人术中血流动力学基本平稳。结论 :控制性降压联合急性等容血液稀释可安全应用于脑膜瘤手术 ,并能减少或避免术中输异体血     

急性等容血液稀释用于脑膜瘤切除术的临床观察

目的 :探讨急性等容量血液稀释在开颅脑膜瘤切除术中对减少输异体血量和术后血红蛋白 (Hb)和血球压积 (Hct)的影响。方法 :择期开颅脑膜瘤切除病人 30倒 ,随机分成对照组 (I组 ,n =15 )和稀释组 (Ⅱ组n =15 ) ,两组皆采用静吸复合全麻。Ⅱ组术前进行等容量血液稀释 ,比较两组病人围术期出血量、输异体血量和术后Hb、Hct变化。结果 :Ⅱ组病人围术期出血量与I组相接近 ,有 11例完全避免输异体血 ,余 4例输异体血 2 0 0～ 40 0ml,平均输血量 (130± 6 0 )ml;I组病人 13例输异体血 ,输血量 40 0～ 10 0 0ml,平均输血量 (4 80± 180 )ml,显著多于Ⅱ组 (P <0 .0 1)。Ⅱ组病人血稀释后与稀释前相比 ,凝血酶原时间 (PT)延长 ,血小板计数下降明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但仍在正常范围内 ,活化部分凝血活酶 (APTT)纤维蛋白原 (FIB)无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。与I组相比 ,Ⅱ组术毕时Hb和Hct下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但术后第 3天则升至I组水平。结论 :急性等容血液稀释不但对开颅脑膜瘤手术病人的术后Hb、Hct无明显影响 ,而且能减少病人术中输异体血量或免予输血。     

血液稀释联合控制性降压对脑膜瘤手术中的血液保护作用

目的　探讨急性等容血液稀释法预先对脑膜瘤手术大出血进行血液保护的可行性。方法　患者在全麻诱导麻醉前 ,肘静脉采血 ( 10ml/kg) ,锁骨下静脉输液 ,术中微量泵输注硝普钠控制降压 ,桡动脉插管测压 (MAP) ,视手术出血量自体血回输及异体血输入。结果　稀降组患者 (n =3 0 )手术出血量 ( 12 3 1± 2 12 )ml,输自体血 ( 60 0± 2 0 0 )ml ,输异体血量 ( 890± 2 5 3 )ml ,术后Hb( 88± 2 .1)g/L ,Hct ( 3 0 1± 5 1) % ;对照组患者 (n =3 0 )手术出血量 ( 1695± 3 65 )ml,输异体血量( 13 5 8± 3 18)ml,术后Hb ( 90± 4 2 )g/L ,Hct ( 3 0 8± 6 9) %。两组手术出血量及输异体血量比较 ,差异均有非常显著性 (P<0 0 1)。两组术后Hb ,Hct比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　血液稀释联合控制性降压对脑膜瘤手术大出血起到血液保护作用。     

急性等容血液稀释联合控制性降压对腹主动脉瘤手术的血液保护作用

目的　探讨急性等容血液稀释联合控制性降压对腹主动脉瘤手术的血液保护效应。方法　选择因腹主动脉瘤行腹主动脉置换术的患者 18例 ,随机分成 2组 ,即急性等容血液稀释 降压组 (T组 ,n =9例 ) ,对照组 (C组 ,n =9例 )。监测 2组的术中失血量、输异体血量、术毕血红蛋白 (Hb)以及红细胞压积 (Hct)的变化。结果　急性等容血液稀释 降压组 (T组 ) ,手术失血量 ( 162 7± 2 3 8)ml,输自体血 ( 5 0 0± 2 0 0 )ml ,输异体血量 ( 12 0 0± 2 5 3 )ml,术毕Hb( 85± 1.2 )g/L ,Hct( 2 7.5± 2 .1) %。对照组 (C组 ) ,手术失血量 ( 2 10 0± 2 67)ml,输异体血量 ( 1880± 3 0 2 )ml,术毕Hb( 90± 4.2 )g/L ,Hct( 2 9.1±3 .9) %。两组手术失血量及输异体血量 ,急性等容血液稀释 降压组 (T组 )明显小于对照组 (C组 ) (P <0 .0 1)。两组术毕Hb ,Hct比较 ,无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　急性等容血液稀释联合控制性降压对腹主动脉瘤手术的血液具有显著的保护效应。     

急性等容血液稀释联合控制性降压在颅脑肿瘤摘除术中的应用

目的 :评价急性等容血液稀释 (ANH)与控制性降压联合应用于颅脑肿瘤摘除术中的安全性 ,并探讨对减少输注异体血量的影响。方法 :择期颅脑肿瘤摘除术病人 36例 ,随机分成三组 ,即对照组 (组Ⅰ ,n =12 ) ,ANH组 (组Ⅱ ,n =12 ) ,ANH组加控制性降压组 (组Ⅲ ,n =12 )。三组皆采用静吸复合全麻。组Ⅱ ,组Ⅲ麻醉诱导后 ,手术前进行ANH ,组Ⅲ于颅脑肿瘤切除时进行控制性降压 ,观察三组病人术中所输异体血量、血流动力学、术后Hb及HCT的变化。结果 :组Ⅰ术中每例均输异体血 ,平均 (6 6 6 .7± 2 4 6 .2 )ml;组Ⅱ有 7例未输异体血 ,余 5例平均输异体血 4 0 0ml;组Ⅲ则全部避免输异体血 ,三组间输异体血量有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。三组病人术中血流动力学基本平稳。结论 :急性等容血液稀释联合控制性降压可安全应用于颅脑肿瘤摘除术中 ,并可减少或避免输注异体血。     

急性等容性血液稀释与控制性降压在脊柱手术中的应用

目的探讨急性等容性血液稀释(ANHD) 控制性降压(CH)用于脊柱手术中对减少输异体血量及术后Hb和Hct的影响.方法择期脊柱手术患者100例,随机分成ANHD CH组,(Ⅰ组n=50)和对照组(Ⅱ组n=50),两组均采用气管内插管全麻,Ⅰ组术前进行急性等容血液稀释手术结束前回输自体血,术中采用CH将平均动脉压控制在110～80/70～50mmHg,并记录围术期二组的MAP、HR、CVP的变化.Ⅱ组按常规处理.于术前、术中(ANHD后)、术毕、术后第1天和术后第3天分别测定红细胞比容(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hb)的变化,并比较两组患者围术期出血量,尿量和补液输异体血的差异.结果手术时间组Ⅰ明显短于组Ⅱ,组Ⅰ有8例各输浓缩红血球2u,其余42例未输血,组Ⅱ患者在术中均输入异体血400～1200mL,术毕,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的Hb、Hct均明显低于术前(P＜0.01),并且Ⅰ组低于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05),术后第1天,术后第3天,两组患者的Hb、Hct显著低于术前.但两组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 ANHD结合控制性降压,可安全用于脊柱手术,可明显减少或避免输注异体血.     

急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压在全髋置换术中的应用

目的观察急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压应用于全髋置换术中的疗效。方法全髋置换术择期手术病人60例,随机分成两组,每组30例,Ⅰ组为对照组,未行血液稀释和控制性降压,Ⅱ组为试验组,为急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压组。观察两组血压变化、出血量、手术时间、异体血输入量。分别于手术前、手术后、术后1日、术后7日监测Hb、Hct,观察疗效。结果Ⅱ组手术时间明显少于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),术后及术后一周Ⅱ组Hb明显高于Ⅰ组,Hct则低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),术中Ⅱ组输血例数、输血量、输液量、尿量均明显少于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压应用于全髋置换手术疗效显著,值得推广。     

急性高容量血液稀释配合控制性降压用于脊柱手术的临床研究

目的 :评价急性高容量血液稀释 (AHH)配合控制性降压用于脊柱手术的临床效果及安全性。方法 :选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级脊柱择期手术病人 45例 ,随机分为三组 ,组Ⅰ为对照组 ;组Ⅱ为单纯AHH ;组Ⅲ为AHH配合硝酸甘油控制性降压。组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ按 15ml/kg( 5 0ml/min)的量输注 6%HES实施AHH。组Ⅲ在AHH同时 ,微量泵输注硝酸甘油 0 5～ 1μg/kg·min-1使MAP、CVP保持术前或稍高于术前水平。当开始分离骨折碎片、骨肿瘤切除、内固定物固定时 ,加快硝酸甘油速度至 1～ 5 μg/kg·min-1,使MAP降至术前 70 %～ 80 %。持续监测生命体征 ,行血常规、动脉血气分析并记录CVP。用称重法测定出血量 ,记录尿量、异体血输入量。结果 :手术时间组Ⅲ明显短于组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ。术中MAP、HR、CVP、Hb、Hct及动脉血气pH、CaO2 均在安全范围内。三组病人中组Ⅰ 15例均输入异体血 60 0～ 12 0 0ml;组Ⅱ有 12例输异体血 3 0 0～ 60 0ml,3例未输血 ;组Ⅲ有 2例因手术时间过长各输浓缩红血球 2u ,其余 13例未输血 ,节约血液效果显著。结论 :AHH配合控制性降压可安全用于脊柱手术 ,可明显减少或避免输注异体血。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.