儿童腹部钝性损伤致十二指肠肠壁血肿CT和MRI表现

目的探讨儿童腹部钝性损伤十二指肠致肠壁血肿CT和MRI特征。方法回顾性分析经手术或临床证实的8例十二指肠壁血肿CT和MRI资料。结果病灶均单发,肠腔内7例,肠腔外1例,呈管状型或类圆形,边缘清楚6例,模糊2例,位于单一肠段4例,多个肠段4例。CT扫描病灶呈等高密度包块,密度不均匀,典型者可见"融冰征"和(或)"空气裂隙征";MRI扫描病灶T1WI呈稍高或混杂信号,T2WI呈低或等高信号,增强扫描病灶内均无强化,其中血肿壁强化3例。结论儿童腹部钝性损伤致十二指肠肠壁血肿影像学表现特殊,CT、MRI平扫及增强扫描检查对病灶的显示具有优越性,有助于肠壁血肿的早期诊断和治疗。     

颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识.方法 收集经手术病理证实的8例表皮样囊肿,术前均行MRI平扫,其中2例行扩散加权成像(difussion weighted imaging,DWI)检查,CT检查5例.MRI增强扫描4例.结果 8例表皮样囊肿发生于桥小脑角2例,大脑纵裂2例,脑实质2例,颅骨2例.CT显示囊肿表现为均匀高密度2例;混杂密度1例;囊壁及囊内钙化2例.MRI平扫2例T1WI呈均匀高信号,T2WI呈稍高、高信号;3例T1WI和T2WI呈混杂信号;3例T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号;其中1例DWI表现为高信号.4例MRI增强扫描显示囊壁显著环形强化和囊内不均匀强化2例,囊壁轻度强化2例.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI非典型表现主要包括CT呈高密度、混杂密度、囊壁和囊内钙化,MRI T1 WI、T2WI呈高信号、混杂信号,增强扫描显著环形强化,在诊断时应充分结合DWI检查,以提高术前诊断准确性.     

中枢神经系统白血病的CT及MRI主要表现

目的 分析经临床证实的11例中枢神经系统白血病的CT及MRI表现,探讨其影像学特征,增进对该病的认识,为临床诊断提供依据.方法 回顾性分析经临床证实的11例中枢神经系统白血病CT及MRI的影像学表现.其中4例CT平扫后行MRI平扫及增强扫描检查;其余7例直接行MRI平扫或平扫+增强扫描检查.结果 ①白血病浸润软脑膜5例,CT表现为脑沟、脑池消失,内可见条状低密度灶,对应MRI表现为T1WI呈低信号,T2WI/FLAIR呈高信号,脑回肿胀,DWI呈稍高信号,增强后明显强化;合并蛛网膜下腔出血1例.②脑实质浸润6例,单发肿块2例,余均为多发,MRI表现T1WI低信号,T2WI/FLAIR高信号,DWI高信号,无明显占位效应,增强后明显强化;其中3例合并出血.③硬脑膜受累1例,累及额部板障,CT表现为软组织密度灶,MRI表现为软组织信号灶,增强后明显强化.结论 中枢神经系统白血病影像学表现有一定的特征性,影像学检查尤其是MRI增强检查有助于对中枢神经系统白血病表现的认识,以及诊断及鉴别诊断.     

多层螺旋CT对十二指肠壁内血肿的诊断价值

目的探讨十二指肠肠壁内血肿的多层螺旋CT表现及其诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析3例经保守治疗、CT随访证实的十二指肠肠壁血肿患者的多层螺旋CT表现。结果血肿位于十二指肠降段2例,同时累及水平段、降段1例,呈高低混杂或低密度肿块,边缘光整,无增强;肿块与肠壁间有少量气体;肠腔受压变窄;肠壁增厚2例,变薄1例;伴胆总管扩张l例,肠梗阻2例,腹腔积液3例。结论多层螺旋CT能对十二指肠肠壁血肿做出准确、全面诊断,对评估损伤程度、指导临床治疗方案的选择有重要作用。     

面神经瘤的影像学研究

目的：研究面神经瘤的影像学检查方法和影像学表现,提高诊断准确性。方法：10例经手术病理证实的面神经瘤均行CT检查,6例还进行MR平扫和增强扫描。回顾性分析CT表现和MRI表现,并比较CT和MRI的优缺点。结果：10例面神经瘤中6例面神经鞘瘤和4例面神经纤维瘤,8例累及面神经水平段,6例累及膝部,4例累及乳突段,2例累及迷路段,3例累及内听道段,2例累及腮腺段,1例累及脑池段。主要CT表现：面神经管扩大9例;鼓室内软组织影7例;听小骨破坏5例;乳突蜂房内软组织肿块4例。主要MRI表现：6例均表现面神经增粗,其中2例显示鼓室内=乳突内和颈静脉窝软组织肿块,2例显示鼓室内软组织肿块;3例肿块呈略长T1、略长T2信号,信号不均匀,增强后呈不均匀强化;3例肿块与面神经呈等信号,信号均匀,呈均匀强化;2例面神经瘤累及内听道段面神经,平扫未显示,增强后呈明显强化而显示。比较CT与MRI表现后,发现2例累及面神经内听道段者MRI显示而CT未显示,1例累及面神经鼓室段起始部者MRI亦显示而CT未显示;对于较小的面神经瘤,MRI能直接显示增粗的面神经本身,而CT仅显示面神经管扩大和（或）破坏。结论：CT和MRI,尤其是MR增强扫描能很好地显示面神经瘤的形态、部位、范围和内部结构,有助于定位诊断和定性诊断,为临床制订手术方案和确定手术入路提供依据。     

脑实质海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑实质海绵状血管瘤(cavernous angioma,CA)的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实为CA的CT和MRI表现. 结果: 15例CA共检出19个病灶.CA可发生于脑内任何部位,单发多见(13/15).15例CT和MRI平扫均发现所有病灶.CA的CT平扫均表现为高或稍高密度;CA的MRI平扫表现为T1WI呈等或低信9个,高信号7个,混杂信号3个;T2WI呈高低混杂信号,16个病灶周围伴有低信号环,无占位效应;CT和MRI增强扫描无或轻度增强.结论: CA有典型影像表现,CT和MRI平扫对明确诊断具有重要意义,MRI优于CT,是首选和最佳的影像学方法.     

MSCT直接淋巴管造影在弥漫性淋巴管瘤病中的诊断价值

目的 探讨MSCT直接淋巴管造影(DLG)在弥漫性淋巴管瘤病中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析9例弥漫性淋巴管瘤病的影像学资料,5例行DLG及造影后胸、腹、盆部CT检查,余4例行CT检查.9例中3例行MRI检查.结果 9例中,8例累及脾,5例累及腋窝,5例累及颈部,5例累及腹腔及腹膜后,4例累及髂部及腹股沟,3例累及纵隔,3例累及腹壁,2例累及肺,1例累及肝,1例累及颅内硬膜下,CT表现为囊状低密度影,MRI表现为囊状长T1、长T2信号.8例累及骨,CT上表现为边界清楚的类圆形低密度影,MRI上表现为长T1、长T2信号.5例行DLG、造影后CT及胸导管探查示胸导管出口受阻,腹膜后淋巴管扩张迂曲.9例中有4例合并乳糜返流,1例合并锁骨上乳糜囊肿.结论 弥漫性淋巴管瘤病影像学表现具有特异性,MSCT DLG可明确显示淋巴管的异常,可为其病因诊断及合并乳糜返流性疾病的治疗提供直接信息.     

中枢神经细胞瘤的CT、MRI及1H-MRS诊断(附7例报告并文献综述)

目的探讨中枢神经细胞瘤的CT、MRI及1H-MRS诊断特点.方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的中枢神经细胞瘤7例,结合文献对其影像学特点进行复习.2例行CT、MRI及MRS检查,2例仅行MRI检查,3例仅行CT检查.结果肿瘤均位于侧脑室,侧脑室示不同程度的脑积水;CT表现为混杂密度,内有低密度囊变坏死区,并可见点条状及团块状钙化灶,增强扫描病灶均呈不均一强化.MRI呈等低T1、等高T2混杂信号;增强扫描均呈不均一强化.在体1H-MRS表现为Cho峰明显升高,NAA明显降低.结论青年人位于脑室内尤其是透明隔区的肿瘤,应考虑中枢神经细胞瘤的可能.CT、MRI及1H-MRS有助于诊断.     

胃肠道脂肪瘤的影像学诊断

目的 探讨胃肠道脂肪瘤的影像学特征及诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实8例(男性3例,女性5例)胃肠道脂肪瘤的影像学表现,其中X线胃肠道造影4例、CT检查8例、MRI检查3例,分别观察肿块的位置、大小、形态、密度、信号、管腔状态、周围粘膜等各种影像学表现,并结合手术、病理对照.结果 ①发病部位:8例胃肠道脂肪瘤位于胃、十二指肠、回肠、结肠分别为1、1、1、5例;7例为胃肠道腔内肿块,起源于粘膜下层;1例升结肠脂肪瘤表现为肠腔内、外肿块,起源于浆膜下层;②影像学特征:表现为胃肠道内大小不等类圆形、卵圆形肿块,柔软,边缘清楚,4例X线消化道气钡双重造影及结肠气钡双重造影显示为类圆形的充盈缺损,4例周围均可见桥形粘膜;CT显示为密度均匀的脂肪密度肿块,CT值在-70～-120HU之间,增强扫描肿块无明显强化,1例发生在降结肠继发坏死,表现为瘤体内合并液性低密度;MRI肿块在T1WI、T2 WI呈高信号,T2抑脂像为低信号.结论 胃肠道脂肪瘤的影像学表现典型,肿块柔软、桥形粘膜、脂肪密度、高信号等为其特征表现,术前CT、MRI准确诊断率高.     

肝胆管囊腺瘤的影像学表现

目的 探讨肝胆管囊腺瘤CT、MRI及B超表现,提高其诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析9例经病理证实的肝胆管囊腺瘤患者,螺旋CT检查7例,MRI检查4例,B超检查5例.结果 7例患者CT平扫表现为多房囊性病变,囊内可见线状分隔,囊壁均匀增厚,壁光滑;MRI检查4例患者中,病变T1WI呈低信号多房囊性占位,T2WI病灶呈高信号为主混杂信号,囊内分隔呈低信号,增强后动脉期囊壁及分隔轻度强化,门脉期及延迟期继续强化.B超检查5例患者表现为肝内无回声暗区,边界清楚,内见多条强回声带,可见分隔或乳头状隆起.结论 平扫加动态增强CT、MRI及B超能够特征性反映肝胆管囊腺瘤的影像学特点,提高该疾病的诊断准确率.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Treatment of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be one of the most common malignancies with an incidence of approximately one million cases per year and a dismal prognosis; some authors have reported a median survival of 1 ～ 2 months after diagnosis. Although surgery remains the only hope for cure, few patients are candidates[1,2].     

U50,488H对正常及缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用

目的 探讨心脏阿片受体和β-受体相互作用的机制。方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术,观察U50,488H(β-阿片受体选择性激动剂)对正常和缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用。结果 U50,488H剂量依赖性(0．1～100μmol／L)抑制正常心肌细胞的L型钙电流及异丙肾上腺素(0．1μmol／L)激动的钙电流,而细胞缺氧后,这一抑制作用减弱;U50,488H对Forskolin(10μmol／L)激动的L型钙电流无明显影响。结论 β-阿片受体对β-受体信号的负性调节作用在细胞缺氧后减弱,其作用位点可能发生于β-受体与腺苷酸环化酶环节之间。