抗精神病药物对脑电图的影响

分析传统和新型抗精神病药物的作用机制,探讨不同抗精神病药物对脑电图的影响,从而指导临床合理用药。传统和新型抗精神病药物对脑电图的影响不同,氯氮平和奥氮平对脑电图影响较大,利培酮和典型抗精神病药物次之,喹硫平相对较低,大多与剂量呈正相关,且早期脑电图的改变对抗精神病药物的疗效有一定的预测作用。     

一日法调查住院老年精神病患者抗精神病药处方情况

目的了解老年精神病住院患者抗精神病药应用情况。方法采用一日法对北京回龙观医院老年精神痛患者的抗精神病药的处方进行调查。结果（1）单一用药及合并用药中利培酮处方量均第一;（2）新型抗精神病药比典型抗精神病药应用更广泛且以单一抗精神病药为主;（3）抗精神病药的使用剂量均在推荐的安全剂量之下。结论老年患者的抗精神病药的,1名床应用情况发生了较大改变,新型抗精神病药使用越来越广泛,药物选择更趋多样化;对于药物的选择和用量考虑疗效的同时应特别关注老年人药物的耐受性问题。     

新型抗精神病药物血药浓度与临床疗效的研究进展

在精神药理学领域,用“治疗药物监测（Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM）”指导临床用药是近年来的研究热点.TDM通过长期有效血药浓度监测实现个体化合理用药.本文回顾近年的相关研究,阐述几种新型抗精神病药物血药浓度与临床疗效之间的关系.     

非典型抗精神病药物在孕期的用药安全性

<正>非典型抗精神病药物已经取代典型抗精神病药物成为精神障碍治疗的一线用药,获得了美国食品和药品监督管理局的许可用于急性躁狂发作的治疗,并逐渐应用于难治性抑郁及焦虑障碍的治疗[1]。鉴于孕期非典型抗精神病药物应用的不断增长[2],如何保证非典型抗精神病药物在孕期的用药安全性成为临床上越来越迫切需要解决的问题。美国食品和药物监督管理局最近更新的抗精神病药物使用规范要求,对晚期妊娠使用的抗精神病药物,药物说明书须对胎     

某些精神治疗药物合并使用的不利影响

近年来,由于精神治疗药物品种的不断增多,合并用药也越来越普遍。合并使用两种以上药物者,在美国达28～75%,在我国,也有1/2～2/3左右。一、抗精神病药物之间及同镇静剂的合用早期认为,两种抗精神病药物合用的药效比单用一种药物为好。目前发现,合并用药并不理想,疗效     

482例门诊精神病患者使用药物情况分析

目的了解门诊精神病患者抗精神病药物的使用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用回顾性调查方法调查广东省第三荣军医院2014年9月、11月门诊482张抗精神病药处方用药情况。结果 482张处方共涉及30种治疗方案,其中使用一种抗精神病药物的治疗方案有9种,279张(57.88%),使用2种抗精神病药物的治疗方案有18种,197张(40.87%),使用3种抗精神病药物的治疗方案有3种,6张(1.24%)。抗精神病药物治疗方案居前5位的依次是利培酮(31.90%)、舒必利(13.98%)、利培酮+氯氮平(13.20%)、奥氮平(12.54%)、氯氮平(11.93%),使用率居前5位的分别是利培酮(35.89%)、奥氮平(21.37%)、氯氮平(18.67%)、舒必利(15.35%)、帕罗西汀(8.71%)。结论我院门诊抗精神病药物单一用药方案占主导;非典型抗精神病用药已成为临床首选。     

精神分裂症患者服用抗精神病药物所致泌乳现象及其临床意义(附151例报告)

观察151例女性精神分裂症用药后的泌乳现象,83.4％出现泌乳,52.3％明显泌乳,69％有月经异常。发现抗精神病药物剂量越大越易至明显泌乳,疗效好者,泌乳亦多较明显,认为此与抗精神病药物对脑内多巴胺系统的作用有关。     

精神分裂症治疗指南对抗精神病药物使用的影响

目的 了解精神分裂症治疗指南出台后,我院住院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药物应用的演变情况.方法 采取整群入组法,调查我院2008年住院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药物的使用情况,并与精神分裂症治疗指南出台前的2003年比较.结果 抗精神病药物的使用频度发生了显著变化,新型抗精神病药物的使用增多,临床药物治疗以单一用药为主.结论 治疗指南的出台,对临床用药起到了规范作用,抗精神病药的选择受多种因素的影响.     

近年抗精神病药物及情感稳定剂的应用状况分析

目的了解本院常用抗精神病药物及情感稳定剂的使用情况，分析用药趋势，促进合理用药。方法根据2005年和2007年我院抗精神病药物及情感稳定的增长情况及利用情况，采用限定日剂量（DDD）法和药物利用指数（DUI）为指标进行调查和分析。结果我院常用的13种精神药品从2005年到2007年均有不同程度的增长，非典型抗精神病药物有上升趋势。结论我院抗精神病药物的使用趋于合理化。     

抗精神病药物"作用谱"的研究(文献综述)

抗精神病药物品种繁多,临床如何选用就成了一个重要问题.实践证明,各种抗精神病药物由于化学结构不同,在治疗作用方面存在着不同的特点.它们对各种精神症状群有着不同的治疗范围,对同一种精神症状群的治疗作用也可有程度不同,这就是抗精神病药物的所谓"作用谱".要避免用药的盲目性,使得用药比较合理,研究抗精神病药     

Cytotoxicity of conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs in relation to glucose metabolism

The goal of these studies was to analyze the cytotoxicity of both the conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs in relation to their effects on glucose metabolism. The drugs were evaluated for their effects on the viability of PC12 cells, which are an established model of neuronal cells in culture. In general, the conventional drugs, such as chlorpromazine, fluphenazine and pimozide, were more toxic than the atypical drugs, including clozapine, quetiapine and risperidone. Olanzapine was unique in that it stimulated cell proliferation in this system. There was a good correlation between the cytotoxicity of a drug and its ability to block glucose transport, although there were some exceptions to this trend. Conventional antipsychotics also affected the expression of glucose transporter proteins in whole cell extracts and at the cell surface. Overall, the data support the notion that many of the antipsychotic drugs associated with the development of movement disorders in patients are cytotoxic for cultured cells.     

Treatment mechanisms: traditional and new antipsychotic drugs

The first generation of antipsychotic drugs was discovered in the 1960s and 1970s, These agents were effective in treating psychosis, but were accompanied by significant side effects, including severe parkinsonism and akathisia. Second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 1990s, These drugs have at least equal efficacy to their predecessors, but far fewer side effects. Some data suggest a broader efficacy profile. Clozapine remains the only superior antipsychotic in terms of the magnitude of psychotic symptom reduction. Clinical and animal studies are consistent in suggesting that the antipsychotic component of antidopaminergic treatments is initiated by dopamine receptor blockade in the striatum and that the signal is transmitted to the neocortex through the established basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical neuronal circuits. Other neurotransmitter actions (eg, antiserotonergic) can be exerted locally, in the neocortex. Defining tissue targets of drug action may suggest additional strategies for developing new antipsychotic drugs.     

ADH secretion in schizophrenic patients on antipsychotic drugs

The authors studied antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion in schizophrenics on antipsychotic drugs. The mean plasma level of ADH is lower among schizophrenics than among controls at comparable values of plasma osmolality. In regression analysis of the relationship between plasma ADH and plasma osmolality, the slope of the regression line is gentler and the threshold of ADH secretion is lower in schizophrenics than that in control subjects. The authors suggest that the relationship between plasma ADH and plasma osmolality may be different in schizophrenics receiving antipsychotic drugs than in controls.     

抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者血脂、血糖和体重影响的研究

目的比较精神分裂症患者服用抗精神病药物后血脂、血糖及体重的变化,评价不同药物的安全性。方法选择109例单一应用抗精神病药物治疗满8周的精神分裂症患者,分别于第4周、第8周测量血脂(胆固醇、甘油三脂)、血糖和体重。结果服用抗精神病药物后女性、高龄患者甘油三脂增高显著,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.34,P<0.05;r=0.256,P=0.007);氯氮平对胆固醇升高影响显著高于利培酮、奎硫平、氯丙嗪、奋乃静等(P<0.05);氯氮平、氯丙嗪对甘油三脂升高影响显著高于利培酮(P<0·05);所有纳入研究的药物对血糖、体重有不同程度影响,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论大多数抗精神病药物可增加高血脂、肥胖的风险,选择药物应考虑性别及年龄因素。     

Novel targets for drugs in schizophrenia

Since the discovery of the first antipsychotic drug, chlorpromazine, in the early 1950s, all effective antipsychotic drugs have been found to share the common property of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism. There has been some suggestion that simple D2 receptor antagonism may not confer optimal antipsychotic efficacy. Currently available antipsychotic drugs leave many symptoms of the illness untreated and cause unacceptable side effects. Recent research in schizophrenia suggests a number of potential new non-D2 targets for pharmacotherapy including glutamate, acetylcholine and serotonin neurotransmitter systems. This review summarises the main neurochemical theories of schizophrenia, and, in the light of these, examines possible therapeutic targets for new antipsychotic drugs.     

痴呆的行为和精神症状的药物治疗调查

目的：了解抗精神病药治疗痴呆的行为和精神症状（BPSD）的情况。方法：调查443例伴有明显的行为和精神症状、用抗精神病药治疗其行为和精神症状有效的阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者。结果：常用于治疗BPSD的抗精神病药有奋乃静、利培酮、氟哌啶醇、氯丙嗪、氯氮平、硫利达嗪、舒必利等,其起始剂量与有效剂量均较小,大多单一用药。用药剂量与年龄呈负相关。主要不良反应是锥体外系反应、便秘或排尿困难、嗜睡或步态不稳、吞咽困难等。抗精神病药不良反应发生率为16．0％,典型抗精神病药发生率（18．4％）显著高于非典型抗精神病药（9．6％）。结论：多种抗精神病药治疗BPSD均有效,治疗剂量低。非典型抗精神病药的安全性优于典型抗精神病药。     

A survey of sudden death associated with the use of antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs: 49 cases in Finland.

Phenothiazines have repeatedly been found to be associated with cases of sudden death, but the issue of causality has remained controversial. A survey of medicolegal autopsies performed in Finland over a 3-year period revealed that sudden unexpected deaths of 31 women (mean age 44 years, range 25-69) and 18 men (mean age 40 years, range 26-62) were associated with either the use of antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs. Therapeutic use of phenothiazines was documented in all but 3 of these 49 cases and thioridazine was involved in over half of them. Thus, whereas thioridazine was the only antipsychotic drug associated with 15 cases, only 5 cases were associated with any of the other antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs. The differences between the subgroups of psychotropic drugs remained clear after adjustment according to the respective data on drug use in the population. Although there are several uncontrolled confounding factors, the overrepresentation of phenothiazines, especially thioridazine, among psychiatric patients who died suddenly is striking and, taken together with their well-established arrhythmogenic effects, warrants further attention.     

New generation antipsychotic drugs and compliance behaviour

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Antipsychotic therapy has been eclipsed by high rates of noncompliance; the problem was attributed to a lack of efficacy and the burden of side effects of neuroleptics. This review sought to examine whether the arrival of second generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs with low side-effect liability and improved efficacy has helped to positively reinforce compliance behaviour among people treated for schizophrenia. RECENT FINDINGS: The number of studies that systematically examined compliance behaviour and its determinants during antipsychotic drug therapy is disappointingly low. A review of relevant clinical trials, drug dispensation databases and observational studies yielded equivocal results. The data have failed to substantiate the notion that novel antipsychotic drug use leads to improved medication compliance and favourable clinical outcomes. SUMMARY: A decade of clinical experience and research indicates that compliance behaviour has only marginally improved since the introduction of second generation antipsychotic drugs. Noncompliance in schizophrenia is a complex maladaptive pattern of behaviour determined by personal beliefs, illness-related factors, social attributes and health system variables. The reinforcing value of antipsychotic drugs may be less relevant in enhancing treatment compliance and influencing the natural history of schizophrenia.     

Left atrial thrombosis associated with antipsychotic drugs

The authors report a case of a 36-year-old shizophrenic patient with left atrial thrombosis. There have been small number of case reports of antipsychotic drugs-associated thromboembolic events. All of them are venous ones. This paper describes the first case of atrial thrombosis associated with antipsychotic drugs.