复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的应用

目的探讨复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中重建骨缺损的手术原理及效果。方法应用携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，重建下肢骨肿瘤切除后的长段骨缺损12例。其中，骨肉瘤6例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，骨纤维结构不良2例，骨巨细胞瘤3例。结果12例经术后8～38个月随访，1例死于肺转移，2例带瘤存活，9例无瘤存活。术后功能优良率达75％。10例术后3个月内X线示骨端骨性愈合，2例内固定失败重新外固定后骨性愈合，所有均在9个月内能完全负重行走。结论携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，适用于下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中的长段骨缺损的修复，具有自体活骨移植和异体骨移植的双重优点。     

骨肿瘤

20061286 复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的应用／王建炜…∥中华显微外科杂志．-2005，28（4）．-309-311 应用携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，重建下肢骨肿瘤切除后的长段骨缺损12例。其中，骨肉瘤6例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，骨纤维结构不良2例，骨巨细胞瘤3例。结果：12例经术后8～38个月随访，1例死于肺转移，2例带瘤存活，9例无瘤存活。术后功能优良率达75％。10例术后3个月内X线示骨端骨性愈合，2例内固定失败重新外固定后骨性愈合，所有均在9个月内能完全负重行走。结论；携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，适用于下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中的长段骨缺损的修复，具有自体活骨移植和异体骨移植的双重优点。图3参6     

带监测皮岛的组合腓骨移植治疗股骨大段缺损

目的 探讨带监测皮岛的组合腓骨移植治疗股骨大段缺损的临床疗效。方法 将带监测皮岛的腓骨移植做如下改进以治疗股骨大段缺损：带监测皮岛的腓骨中段折断成双腓骨进行修复7例；带监测皮岛的腓骨捆绑同种异体骨修复7例。结果 带监测皮岛的双腓骨移植监测皮岛全部成活，术后3～9年随访显示移植骨增粗、塑形、无折断。带监测皮岛腓骨捆绑同种异体骨移植除1例术后局部渗液取出异体骨外，其余6例术后1～2年随访显示移植腓骨与异体骨紧密结合，移植骨增粗、塑形、无折断。结论 带监测皮岛双腓骨或捆绑同种异体骨移植修复股骨缺损，可增加移植腓骨骨量和强度，可减少或避免移植腓骨折断。     

大段复合骨修复四肢骨缺损携带监测皮岛的临床意义

目的探讨大段复合骨移植修复四肢大段骨缺损中设计携带监测皮岛的临床意义。方法自2001年1月至2004年12月,采用带3 cm×5 cm监测皮岛的自体腓骨干或腓骨近段与大段异体骨开槽捆绑或嵌套式复合骨移植修复四肢大段骨缺损19例,骨缺损长度12～25 cm,平均16．6 cm；移植的自体腓骨15～28 cm,平均18．3 cm。术后1周内连续观察监测皮岛的颜色、温度、弹性、毛细血管充盈等指标,定期影像学观察、评价大段复合骨移植骨愈合情况。结果监测皮岛能准确了解移植腓骨的血供。其中,监测皮岛显示静脉危象1例,经手术探查取出吻合口血栓后皮岛及移植腓骨血管危象解除；其余监测皮岛正常。经6～54个月(平均23．2个月)随访,全部监测皮岛存活并与周围皮肤正常愈合。15例在术后3个月即有异体骨与自体骨影像学骨性愈合。术后超过1年并已拆除内固定的共有11例,术中证实异体骨与自体骨间已骨性愈合。结论在大段复合骨移植中设计携带监测皮岛,有助于了解移植腓骨的血供和早期预测大段复合骨的转归。     

同种异体骨关节移植修复长段骨关节缺损

目的 评价同种异体骨关节移植修复长段骨关节缺损后的临床效果。方法 １９９１年９月￣１９９７年１１月对侵袭性或恶性骨肿瘤瘤段切除后长段骨关节或骨干缺损３６例,创伤性长段骨缺损２例,采用低温冷冻或冻干同种异体骨关节或骨干移植物修复。结果 术后早期３８例均未发生明显的免疫排异反应。随访１年５个月￣７年５个月,平均４．２年,存活３１例,优良率达７４．１９％。结论 低温冷冻或冻干的同种异体骨或骨关节移植物抗     

异体骨关节移植修复肢体大段骨缺损的术后并发症

目的 分析肢体恶性肿瘤患者接受异体骨关节移植修复重建大段骨缺损的术后并发症并探讨其处理方法。方法 因肢体恶性骨肿瘤行瘤段切除,采用不同内固定方式进行异体骨－关节移植术并有完整随访资料的患者１０６例,随访时间１０～１１２个月,平均３２．３个月。术后最终结果按Ｍａｎｋｉｎ’ｓ标准评价。结果 与深低温冷冻异体骨相比,酒精浸泡异体骨移植更易发生感染、骨不连等并发症;异体骨段移植或复合人工关节移植优于半关节     

带监测皮岛的腓骨移植修复四肢骨缺损

目的 探讨带监测皮岛的腓骨移植修复四肢长管状骨大段骨缺损的临床疗效.方法 对四肢严重创伤、骨肿瘤、骨髓炎引起的大段骨缺损采用带监测皮岛的吻合血管的腓骨移植,结合自体髂骨移植进行修复19例,并通过监测皮岛观察腓骨移植后的血供情况.结果 术后经过1～3年随访,切口均一期愈合,X线显示骨缺损愈合时间为3～12个月,平均5.6个月. 结论 带监测皮岛的腓骨移植加自体髂骨移植是修复四肢大段骨缺损的良好方法.     

吻合血管的同种异体骨关节移植的免疫反应

近 3 0年来 ,随着显微外科技术的不断发展 ,吻合血管的骨移植在修复重建外科作用也日益重要 ,特别是在因外伤、恶性骨肿瘤切除以及先天性骨缺损引起的大段骨关节缺损治疗中的作用优势明显。吻合血管的自体骨关节移植因其缺乏抗原性 ,愈合过程类似于骨折而受到外科医师的青睐 ,但自体骨关节来源有限 ,且有供骨区损伤的问题 ;目前多采用同种异体骨关节移植 ,而非血管化的同种异体骨关节移植修复缺损时 ,常因病理骨折、骨不连接、感染、移植骨吸收等并发症而不理想〔1〕。吻合血管的同种异体骨关节移植 ,作为血管化的骨关节移植有供源广、形状…     

同种异体骨关节移植与自体皮瓣转位修复手部骨关节缺损并皮肤缺损

目的；探讨同种异体骨关节移植与自体皮瓣转位修复手部骨关节缺损并皮肤缺损。方法：应用同种异体掌指、指间关节移植，可携带异体肌腱、关节囊，3种自体逆行岛状皮瓣。结果：治疗8例均获得成功。修复后的骨关节对位对线好，关节间隙存在，骨愈合好，术后3个月关节活动接近正常，皮瓣全部成活。结论：术式简单实用，损伤小，骨愈合率高，可利用异体肌腱、关节囊一期修复肌腱、关节囊损伤，并可同时修复多个关节缺损。     

同种异体骨关节移植修复骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的探讨骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损的修复重建方法。方法1998年5月～2002年5月，根据肢体骨肿瘤切除后造成骨缺损的部位及大小形状．选择深低温冷冻同种异体骨制备成与之大体匹配的骨半关节、骨干段或骨条、骨粒修复骨缺损，辅以交锁髓内钉或加压钢板螺钉行坚强内固定。结果本组22例，术后随访3～42个月，无瘤存活20例，死亡2例。其中1例行半膝关节移植者出现排异反应．伤口不愈合，经皮瓣修复仍不愈合而截肢；其余21例患者摄X线片和／或^66Tc SPECT检查提示均有不等量骨痂生成和／或核素浓集，提示有骨愈合。患肢术后功能恢复以Markin骨移植结果评定标准评定，优良率达81．8％。结论应用同种异体骨、关节移植修复骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损是一种理想有效的修复方法，值得进一步研究和推广应用。     

肱骨近端恶性肿瘤的保肢治疗

目的 探讨肱骨近端恶性肿瘤切除术后的重建方法。方法 36例肱骨近端恶性肿瘤,其中骨肉瘤 11例、软骨肉瘤 6例、皮质旁骨肉瘤及纤维肉瘤各 3例、原始神经外胚层瘤及恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各 2例、转移性骨肿瘤 5例、恶性骨巨细胞瘤 4例。骨肉瘤、原始神经外胚层瘤与恶性纤维组织细胞瘤患者均接受了新辅助化疗。肿瘤关节内切除 33例,关节外切除 3例。 21例采用异体半关节移植, 4例采用人工假体置换, 6例行游离锁骨移植, 5例行带骨膜血管蒂锁骨移植。结果 随访 6～ 118个月,平均 62.7个月。死亡 11例,局部复发 3例。按 Enneking功能评价标准, 21例采用异体半关节移植的患者,平均得分 24分; 4例人工假体置换的患者,平均得分 26分; 11例采用同侧锁骨重建肱骨近端的患者,平均得分 23分。结论 肱骨近端恶性肿瘤保肢手术的重建以人工假体置换和异体半关节移植为首选,儿童的保肢可选用同侧锁骨移植。保肢术后的功能与肩袖和肩外展肌的修复密切相关。     

右肱骨富于巨细胞性骨肉瘤1例

富于巨细胞性骨肉瘤是骨肉瘤的一种罕见类型,病理学上易误诊为巨细胞瘤.由于两者的治疗方法有差异,所以误诊往往影响术者选择正确的手术方法.本文治疗1例富于巨细胞性骨肉瘤的患者(女,16岁),术中行右肱骨近端肿瘤切除同时取不带血管的自体腓骨移植重建肱骨头及肱骨干,术后肩关节保留部分功能.     

Simultaneous reconstruction of bone and skin defects by free fibular graft with a skin flap

It has been very difficult to accomplish simultaneous reconstruction of a massive defect of the long bone associated with a large skin defect. Yoshimura et al reported a new procedure using a vascularized free fibular transplant with a monitoring flap. This procedure was used in four cases that had resulted in massive bone and skin defects after wide resection of benign and malignant bone tumors occurring in the long bones. Our results using the composite vascularized fibular graft were gratifying.     

Upper limb salvage with microvascular bone transfer for major long-bone segmental tumor resections

A series of 14 young, active patients who underwent vascularized bone graft reconstructions of large (9-15 cm) segmental skeletal defects of the upper extremity resulting from resection of a variety of bony tumors is presented. Eight defects involved the proximal humerus and required shoulder joint reconstruction, two were mid humeral and four involved the distal radius. Surgical techniques for both distal radius reconstruction with vascularized iliac crest and vascularized fibular head and glenohumeral reconstruction using the vascularized fibula are described. Several cases are discussed in detail, including achievement of bony union, postoperative range of motion and pain, and each patient's ability to resume activities. The literature is reviewed, and other reconstructive options for large bony defects of the upper extremity after tumor resection are discussed: nonvascularized bone grafts, allograft transfer, and custom prosthetic devices. The authors think that vascularized bone grafting offers the most favorable method of upper extremity salvage with preservation of joint function, especially at the shoulder.     

带血管骨移植在四肢骨肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的临床观察带血管骨移植修复四肢骨肿瘤瘤段切除后骨缺损的治疗价值。方法对４８例不同类型的骨肿瘤行局部彻底切刮除,或骨膜外瘤段切除后所致的骨缺损分别采用带血管蒂髂骨瓣转位移植６例,游离移植３例;带血管胫骨瓣游离移植１例;带血管蒂腓骨瓣同侧顺逆行转位移植９例,游离腓骨移植２２例,双腓骨瓣组合移植４例,腓骨皮瓣游离移植３例进行修复治疗。结果移植骨与主骨均获得愈合,时间为２５～４２个月,平均３５个月。并经０５～１２年（平均４７年）的随访,４５例治愈,;３例复发,复发的３例病人中２例为骨肉瘤,１例为动脉瘤样骨囊肿恶性变,最终行了截肢术。结论证明带血管骨移植用于修复病变广泛的良性骨肿瘤或低变恶性骨肿瘤瘤段切除后的骨缺损疗效可靠,恶性肿瘤者较差。     

带血管腓骨复合异体骨修复长骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的 探讨带血管腓骨复合异体骨重建长骨恶性肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床结果.方法 2006年4月至2009年10月对19例四肢长骨恶性骨肿瘤患者行保肢手术,男11例,女8例;年龄11～37岁,平均(18.5±7.6)岁.肱骨5例、股骨7例、胫骨7例.肿瘤切除后骨缺损长度(13.2±4.3)cm,采用带血管自体腓骨复合大段异体...     

Vascularized fibular grafts for the reconstruction of segmental tibial bone defects

Free vascularized fibular grafts were employed in seven patients with large tibial defects following trauma or resection of tumour. All patients were followed for more than 5 years. Tibial union and excellent functional results were achieved in all seven patients. Free vascularized fibular transfer seems to be an effective method of treatment for massive segmental bone defects.     

Reconstruction of the bones and joints of the upper extremity by vascularized free fibular graft: report of 46 cases.

The vascularized free fibular graft was applied in reconstructing bone and joint structures of the upper extremity in 46 cases between August, 1977 and December, 1989. Among these, 30 were grafts of the fibular shaft and 16 were grafts of the fibular head. There were 19 bony defects after trauma or osteomyelitis, 18 bony or articular defects after resection of tumors, five congenital deformities or defects, and four replacements for fibrous dysplasia. The longest grafted fibula was 22 cm and the shortest, 5 cm. Thirty-one cases were followed for more than two years, and these were evaluated for functional ability in daily living, roentgenologic appearance, and 99mTc scan during follow-up. The results revealed quite sufficient functional restoration, solid bone healing, and adequate blood supply, in most cases. The vascularized free fibular head graft appears to be an ideal procedure for the reconstruction of defects of the lower end of the radius or the upper humerus, including the humeral head. The stability of the reconstructed wrist or shoulder joint was maintained by suturing the lateral collateral ligament, the palmar collateral ligament around the wrist, or by passing the long head of the biceps brachii through the grafted fibula at the shoulder. Methods for fixation of the fibular shaft to the recipient bone and the selection of vessels for anastomoses, both in the graft and at the recipient site, are discussed. The importance of postoperative functional exercise is emphasized.     

Erfahrungen mit der gefäßgestielten Fibula in der Rekonstruktion von ossären Defekten bei primär malignen Knochentumoren

To bridge large bone defects after resection of primary malignant bone tumors, an autologous free vascularized fibular graft was used in 31 patients (15 x upper limb, 16 x lower limb). The median bone defect measured 16 cm (7-29.5 cm). At the lower extremity the vascularized fibular transplant was reinforced with an allograft and different osteosyntheses. At the upper limb stabilization of the transplant was obtained exclusively by plate osteosynthesis or condylar plate. Applications and the authors' experiences are described and discussed in terms of clinical outcome, graft union, functional outcome, and complications for each localization. After a median of 48 months, ten complications at the upper limb and eight complications at the lower limb, respectively, were seen requiring secondary surgical revision. Major complications such as perioperative deaths or secondary amputations were not observed. Functional evaluation showed better results for the lower than for the upper extremity, due mainly to en bloc resection of proportionally large amounts of soft tissues around the shoulder girdle for local tumor control. Despite the demanding operative procedure and a large number of controllable complications, the good functional outcome and high patient satisfaction indicate that the free vascularized fibular graft is an option for limb-sparing surgery of primary malignant bone tumors.