苏红透骨摩药的剂型研究

目的建立盐酸左氧氟沙星凝胶质量标准。方法用卡波姆等辅料，以盐酸左氧氟沙星为原料制备盐酸左氧氟沙星凝胶。采用反相高效液相色谱法，以枸橼酸（用三乙胺调节pH值为4.0）-乙腈(85∶15)为流动相，检测波长：293 nm，检查其有关物质，并测定其中左氧氟沙星的含量。 结果盐酸左氧氟沙星在21.8～174.4 μg·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好，r＝0.999 1；盐酸左氧氟沙星平均回收率（n＝9）分别为99.5%（RSD＝0.85%），100.0%（RSD＝1.07%），99.7%（RSD＝0.99%）。结论用卡波姆等药用辅料可制备出理想的盐酸左氧氟沙星凝胶，制定的质量标准可保证质量。     

布洛芬凝胶的制备与质量控制

目的制备布洛芬凝胶，并进行质量标准的研究。方法用卡波姆等辅料配制布洛芬凝胶，用高效液相色谱法测定布洛芬的含量并检查其有关物质；色谱柱：Lichrosorb C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm，5 μm)；流动相：乙腈 水（58∶42）（用磷酸调节pH值至3.0），流速1 mL·min^-1，检测波长：264 nm。结果布洛芬在50.02～400.16 μg·mL^-1浓度范围内，线性关系良好(r＝0.999 9)；布洛芬平均回收率(n＝9)分别为99.0%(RSD＝0.44%)，100.5%(RSD＝0.56%)，99.2%(RSD＝0.35%)。结论用卡波姆等药用辅料可制备出理想的布洛芬凝胶，布洛芬凝胶的质量标准可靠。     

复方盐酸苯海拉明凝胶的制备与质量控制

目的 研制复方盐酸苯海拉明凝胶,并建立其质量控制方法. 方法 以卡波姆作为凝胶基质,制备复方盐酸苯海拉明凝胶,采用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定. 结果 制备的凝胶均匀细腻,稳定性好;盐酸苯海拉明检测浓度在100～500 μg• mL^-1 范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.999 9）,平均回收率为100.41%,RSD＝0.87%;地塞米松磷酸钠检测浓度在10～50 μg•mL^-1范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.999 4）,平均回收率为100.96%,RSD＝1.15%. 结论 该凝胶制备工艺简单,质量稳定,质量控制方法准确可靠.     

甲硝唑凝胶的制备与质量标准研究

目的研究甲硝唑凝胶的制备与质量控制方法。方法用卡波姆等辅料配制甲硝唑凝胶。采用高效液相色谱法检查有关物质并测定甲硝唑的含量，色谱柱：Lichrosorb C18柱(4.6 mm×150.0 mm，5 μm)；流动相：甲醇 纯化水(15∶85)；流速：1 mL·min-1；检测波长：318 nm。 结果甲硝唑在18.6～148.8 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好，r＝0.999 95。甲硝唑平均回收率分别为99.7%，RSD＝1.38%(n＝3)；100.1%，RSD＝1.11%(n＝3)；98.8%，RSD＝0.20%(n＝3)。 结论用卡波姆等药用辅料可制备出理想的甲硝唑凝胶，制定的质量标准可达到质量控制的要求。     

盐酸左氧氟沙星液状眼用凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的:建立盐酸左氧氟沙星液状眼用凝胶的制备及质量控制方法.方法:以卡波姆为增粘剂,制备盐酸左氧氟沙星液状眼用凝胶,以XTerra RP18色谱柱为分离柱,以0.1%磷酸:乙腈(87:13)为流动相,采用HPLC法测定.结果:左氧氟沙星浓度在10.2～51.2 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9.左氧氟沙星的平均回收率为99.60%,RSD=0.61%.结论:此法操作简单、结果准确,可用于盐酸左氧氟沙星液状眼用凝胶的质量控制.     

左氧氟沙星凝胶剂的制备与临床应用

目的:制备左氧氟沙星凝胶剂并建立其含量测定方法,观察其疗效.方法:以卡波姆940为辅料,制备左氧氟沙星凝胶剂;以紫外分光光度法测定其含量, 测定波长为293 nm.考察该制剂对脓疱病或毛囊炎的疗效.结果:平均回收率为101.7%,RSD＝0.5%.该制剂对50例脓疱病或毛囊炎的治愈率为94.0%.结论:本制剂工艺简单,质量稳定、可控,疗效确切,使用方便.     

盐酸左氧氟沙星眼用即型凝胶的研制

目的:探讨盐酸左氧氟沙星眼用即型凝胶的制备及质量控制方法。方法:以卡波姆为基质制备凝胶,采用高效液相法测定含量。结果:左氧氟沙星浓度在9.86～98.62μg·ml~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.28%,RSD为1.00%。结论:本方法处方设计合理,制备方法简便,含量测定方法适用于本品质量控制。     

左氧氟沙星地塞米松眼用凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的探寻左氧氟沙星地塞米松眼用凝胶的优化处方及制备工艺．并建立其质量控制方法。方法以卡波姆934为凝胶基质,通过比较调整适宜浓度控制粘度。以氯化钠调节渗透压,氢氧化钠调节pH;采用紫外分光光度法测定主药含量。考察制剂稳定性。结果所得的制剂呈淡黄绿色透明状,盐酸左氧氟沙星和地塞米松磷酸钠的回收率分别为100．24％（RSD=0．83％）和100．35％（RSD=1．07％）。结论本法制备眼用凝胶的工艺简单易行。制剂质量稳定。     

盐酸左氧氟沙星凝胶剂的制备与质量控制

目的制备盐酸左氧氟沙星凝胶,并建立其质量控制方法.方法以0.5%卡波姆940为凝胶基质,采用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中盐酸左氧氟沙星的含量,并进行稳定性考察和皮肤刺激性试验.结果盐酸左氧氟沙星浓度在12.5～200 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为0.02;制剂稳定性良好,对皮肤无刺激性.结论该制剂处方合理,制备工艺简便,质量控制方法简单、准确.     

盐酸左氧氟沙星凝胶的制备与质量考察

目的 :研制盐酸左氧氟沙星凝胶。方法 :用卡波姆 -940作凝胶基质制备盐酸左氧氟沙星凝胶 ,建立了性状、鉴别、酸碱度、卫生学、含量测定等质控标准并对制剂进行质量控制。结果 :pH值7 0～8 0 ,卫生学检查合格 ,含量测定平均回收率100 15 % ,RSD=0 31 % (n=3)。结论 :本方法设计合理 ,制备的凝胶稳定性好 ,具有应用方便 ,作用持久的特点 ,适于临床应用     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.