经前路颈椎椎体次全切除钛网置入融合后相邻节段的退变

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the researchers have studied the adjacent segment degeneration after cervical fusion. Several studies concerned the adjacent segment degeneration after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.     

胸腰椎B型骨折经伤椎单节段与跨伤椎短节段固定的对比研究

背景：后路经伤椎单节段固定与跨伤椎短节段固定是治疗胸腰椎B型骨折常用的方法,但两种术式的近远期疗效及各自优缺点尚未明确。 目的：探讨后路经伤椎置钉单椎间椎弓根螺钉复位固定与传统跨伤椎短节段固定治疗创伤性B型胸腰椎骨折,治疗后脊柱稳定性及对固定相邻节段椎间盘退变的影响。 方法：回顾性分析完成随访的AO分型B型胸腰椎骨折患者80例,按照不同的内固定方式分为经伤椎单节段固定组(n=40)和跨伤椎短节段固定组(n=45)。分别对两组患者的疼痛目测类比评分疼痛分级、ASIA脊髓功能分级、椎体前缘压缩率、椎管受堵指数、后凸Cobb角、UCLA相邻节段退变分级进行测量。  结果与结论：两组在ASIA脊髓功能分级、椎管受堵指数、后凸Cobb角的疗效相当。而在手术时间、手术出血量、疼痛目测类比评分疼痛分级、椎体前缘压缩率、UCLA相邻节段退变分级,单节段组要优于短节段组。后路经伤椎单节段固定及传统的短节段固定在治疗胸腰椎B型骨折上都有显著的疗效,而单节段固定组在椎体前缘压缩率的改善及疼痛目测类比评分评分的改善情况要明显优于短节段组。此种手术方式还具有手术时间短、创伤小、减少固定节段以节省脊柱的活动节段,减少固定节段的相邻节段椎间盘退变的优点。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

人工颈椎间盘置换与前路颈椎间盘切除融合后邻近节段椎间盘应力分布的有限元对比

BACKGROUND: Previous clinical follow-up study showed that disc degeneration of adjacent segment after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion was faster than that of artificial cervical disc replacement. Compared with the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, artificial cervical disc replacement can maintain a good range of motion of replacement segment. Further investigation should be taken to compare the difference between stress and fusion after replacement.      

颈椎桥形连接融合器进行双节段以上椎间融合的效果评价

背景：颈椎前路钢板置入内固定被认为是颈椎前路多节段椎间盘切除和融合的标准治疗,但是,颈前路植入钢板有着很多金属植入物相关并发症的风险。 目的：分析和比较使用颈椎桥形连接融合器和Cage椎间融合器+颈椎前路钢板置入内固定进行颈椎前路2节段以上椎间融合的有效性。 方法：纳入54例2节段以上颈椎间盘突出接受颈椎前路减压和融合治疗的患者,分别使用颈椎桥形连接融合器进行颈椎前路椎间融合(n=30)和Cage椎间融合器与颈椎前路钢板固定系统进行椎间融合(n=24)。使用日本骨科学会(JOA)量表系统评价临床结果,椎间融合后3,6个月依据X射线检查评价颈椎前凸角、椎体间高度和颈椎融合状态。 结果与结论：对桥形连接融合器和Cage椎间融合器组的平均随访时间为6个月。两组患者均获得骨性融合,平均愈合时间为5.5个月。桥形连接融合器组平均JOA评分由治疗前(7.4±0.4)分,提高到治疗后3个月(14.3±0.5)分,治疗后6个月(14.5±0.8)分,Cage椎间融合器组平均JOA评分由治疗前(7.6±0.7) 分,提高到治疗后3个月(13.9±0.4)分,治疗后6个月(14.0±0.6)分,且有显著性差异。治疗后两组的颈椎前凸角和椎间隙高度均较治疗前有显著性改善。说明该植入体植入后能有效恢复颈椎的生理曲度,避免出现螺钉钢板固定并发症,疗效确切。     

颈椎后路单开门与双开门椎管扩大修复多节段脊髓型颈椎病：颈椎活动度对比

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on posterior cervical single door and double door laminoplasty for repair of multilevel cervical myelopathy mainly focus on neurological function and clinical parameters and lack of certain comprehensiveness.     

颈椎后路植入物固定修复多节段脊髓型颈椎病：可改善症状但降低了颈椎活动度

背景：颈椎后路单开门椎管成形单侧侧块内固定与全椎板切除双侧侧块内固定通过扩大椎管有效容积治疗脊髓型颈椎病,并且两种固定方法的疗效和安全性并不清楚。 目的：观察颈后路单开门椎管成形单侧侧块内固定与全椎板切除双侧侧块内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病,植入物与宿主生物相容性。 方法：回顾性分析117例多节段(≥3个)脊髓型颈椎病患者病历资料,分为单开门组65例和全椎板切除组52例,分别采用单开门椎管成形单侧侧块内固定及全椎板切除双侧侧块内固定治疗。对两组患者固定前及末次随访进行JOA评分、估算恢复率,观察神经恢复情况,并通过侧位X射线片测量颈椎曲度指数和颈椎活动度进行评估。 结果与结论：两组平均随访时间28个月(12-59个月)。两组均无C5神经根麻痹患者。两组末次随访JOA评分均高于固定前(P < 0.01)。两组间JOA评分、恢复率、末次随访颈椎曲度指数比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。两组末次随访颈椎活动度均低于固定前(P < 0.01)。结果说明,颈后路单开门椎管成形单侧侧块内固定与全椎板切除双侧侧块内固定在改善神经功能、缓解疼痛、减少并发症上有相似的疗效,但一定程度上降低了颈椎活动度。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程      

椎板切除对腰椎融合后邻近节段生物力学的影响

目的从生物力学角度研究后路不同程度椎板切除对腰椎融合手术后邻近节段的影响。方法在完整腰椎有限元模型基础上,建立3种椎板切除程度不同的手术模型:双侧小关节切除(Bi-TLIF)、半椎板切除(PLIF)、全椎板切除(LAM-PLIF)。对不同模型在生理载荷下的生物力学响应进行研究,对比手术模型椎间活动度、椎间盘内压以及小关节接触力相对于正常模型的变化。生理载荷采用400 N随动载荷+7.5 N·m力矩的方式施加在L1节段上终板上,加载过程中对骶髂关节面上的6个自由度保持约束。结果前屈状态下,手术组Bi-TLIF、PLIF、LAM-PLIF相邻节段L3～4生物力学变化明显,其椎间活动度比正常组依次增大1.0%、9.3%和24.5%,而椎间盘内压依次增大1.4%、4.3%、10.0%,在其他姿态下影响不明显。对于小关节接触力,Bi-TLIF、PLIF在L3～4节段有明显增加,而在L5～S1节段则不明显。结论椎板切除会增加腰椎融合手术后的邻近节段椎间活动度、椎间盘内压以及小关节接触力,这些生物力学变化可能会增大邻近节段退变的风险。椎板切除范围越大,对邻近节段产生的影响越大。因此,更多地保留后部结构复合体,对于减少腰椎融合后邻椎病的发生具有积极的意义。     

保留双侧半棘肌改良单开门椎管扩大钢板置入：减少轴性症状及颈椎曲度丢失

BACKGROUND: Cervical single-door laminoplasty for chronic compressive myelopathy has obtained exact effects. To reduce the occurrence of related complications, different doctors have proposed different improvement programs, and have achieved a certain effect, but the effect on postoperative complications is not very well. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of modified open-door laminoplasty with steel implantation and preservation of bilateral semispinalis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 30 cases of multilevel cervical spondyiotic myelopathy who underwent modified open-door laminoplasty from October 2013 to March 2014. Internal fixation material was Centerpiece titanium plate fixation system. Visual Analogue Scale score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (17-score method), neck disability index, range of motion of cervical vertebra, and cervical curvature were compared before treatment and during follow-up. Axial symptom severity was assessed after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patients were followed up for 12-24 months. No complications appeared during repair, including postoperative spinal cord injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection or C5 nerve root palsy. Only one patient suffered from axial pain, but there was no need for oral medication. The improvement rate of Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was (76.96±17.61)%. Neck disability index decreased from 12.29±3.82 preoperatively to 8.24±2.86 in final follow-up. Range of motion of cervical vertebra (47.41±17.33)° in final follow-up, accounting for (93.0±4.2)% of preoperative data. Cervical curvature decreased from (13.47±10.54)° preoperatively to (12.88±8.56)° in final follow-up. These findings confirm that modified open-door laminoplasty with preservation of bilateral semispinalis can reserve cervical rear structure to maximum extent, is conducive to early functional exercise after rehabilitation, and reduces the incidence of axial symptoms and loss of cervical curvature.       

前路“杂交式”减压治疗多节段颈椎病：可有效改善颈椎生理弯曲度及椎间高度

背景：单节段或双节段颈椎病患者通常采用颈椎前路减压内固定,但对于多节段颈椎病手术方式的选择一直存在争议。 目的：探讨前路“杂交式”减压即单椎体次全切联合椎间盘切除治疗多节段颈椎病的方法及临床效果。 方法：回顾性分析30例多节段颈椎病患者资料,均选择前路“杂交式”减压、自体髂骨植骨及ZEPHIR钢板内固定。观察治疗后患者神经功能评分、植骨融合率、颈椎生理曲度和椎间高度变化及并发症情况。 结果与结论：随访12~72个月,平均36个月。颈椎生理曲度及椎间高度较治疗前明显改善,受压节段脊髓膨隆良好。钢板及螺钉无松动、断裂或移位。治疗后6个月植骨均融合,12个月JOA评分明显提高,改善率优10例,良16例,可4例,优良率86.7%。说明采用前路“杂交式”减压治疗多节段颈椎病,减压直接彻底并能尽量保留颈椎结构,增加植骨融合率,有效改善颈椎生理曲度和椎间高度。关键词：多节段颈椎病;单椎体次全切除;椎间盘切除;自体植骨;ZEPHIR钢板 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.17.011     

椎间盘置换中体位对假体置入后活动度的影响

背景：颈椎间盘置换由于其能保留目标节段的运动功能同时延缓临近节段的退变,目前的应用十分广泛。但是在颈椎间盘置换中,患者的体位放置及其对置换后假体活动度的影响尚不明确。 目的：探讨颈椎间盘置换中体位摆放和置换后植入假体活动度的相关性。 方法：对四川大学华西医院2008-01/2010-07接受单节段PRESTIGE LP颈椎间盘置换共49例患者的影像学资料进行回顾性研究。收集患者置换中C臂透视及置换前后的颈椎矢状中立位及功能位(过伸、过屈位)X射线片,测量目标椎间盘的Cobb角,对其置换前中的差异、置换前后的改善等数据进行线性相关检验及线性回归分析。 结果与结论：与置换前相比,目标椎间盘在置换中的前凸角度变化差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),置换后中立位、过屈位及过伸位的角度均有不同程度改善(P < 0.01),置换后整体活动范围部分变化差异无显著性意义,其中前屈动度增加(P < 0.01),后伸动度变化差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。目标椎间盘置换后假体的角度及活动范围与置换前中角度差异存在线性相关(P < 0.01)。证实颈椎间盘置换中颈椎位置的合理放置对植入椎间盘置换后的活动范围,尤其是前屈活动范围的改善具有重要影响。     

脊柱显微内镜下前路颈椎间盘切除植骨融合钢板内固定治疗颈椎病

目的 观察脊柱显微内镜经前路椎间减压椎间融植骨融合治疗颈椎病的临床疗效.方法 自2006年6月～2011年6月共治疗单节段颈椎病患者31例.男15例,女16例,年龄36～78岁,平均49岁.患者术前表现不同程度的一侧肢体疼痛、麻木或乏力.31例患者均进行脊柱显微内镜下前路颈椎间盘切除减压、自体骨椎间植骨融合.主要观察指标:依据JOA评分系统评价患者神经症状的改善程度,手术后影像资料,含颈椎生理曲度、椎间隙融合情况等.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间3～36个月,平均18个月,31例患者均在脊柱显微内镜下顺利完成椎间植骨融合术,并行短节段颈椎前路钢板固定手术,手术时间80～225分钟,平均102±34分钟,手术出血40～180ml,平均80±30ml,术后住院时间6～10天,平均7天.手术后患者神经功能均有不同程度改善,按JOA脊髓功能评分:术前JOA评分为4～10分,平均7.4±0.12分,术后8～16分,平均13.8±0.17分,平均改善率13.8-7.4)/(17-7.4)×100%= 66.6%.治疗前后比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01).融合节段间棘突过伸过屈距离改变:术前3.4±0.3cm,术后3月2.5±0.24cm,术后6月1.9±0.18cm,治疗前后差别有显著统计意义(P<0.01),全部病例均达到椎间隙融合,融合率100%.1例术后C5左侧神经根支配区域麻痛,术后3周逐步减轻.未发生神经损伤、硬脊膜破裂、脑脊液漏、椎动脉损伤、术后血肿及感染、钢板螺钉折断、植骨块松动等并发症.结论 脊柱显微内镜下前路颈椎前路减压更精确,椎间隙减压充分,能保留椎体终板结构,对保证手术后颈椎的植骨椎间融合,防止椎间融合后的塌陷有意义,可显著提高手术后的疗效.     

Zero-P椎间融合器颈椎前路置入内固定治疗颈椎病的优势

背景：颈前路椎间盘切除减压植骨融合使用颈前路钢板可能引起治疗后吞咽困难等并发症。 目的：观察采用颈椎前路一体化Zero-p椎间融合器置入治疗颈椎病的临床疗效以及减少治疗后并发症的优势。 方法：采用颈椎前路一体化Zero-p椎间融合器行颈前路椎间盘切除减压植骨融合治疗颈椎病患者51例。在治疗前、治疗后第3天,治疗后3,6个月,治疗后1年及2年等时间节点采用颈部及上肢疼痛目测类比评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、日本矫形外科学会评分法对患者的神经功能情况进行评估;采用吞咽困难评分法对患者术后吞咽困难相关并发症的发生情况进行评估;拍摄颈椎正侧位及动力位X射线片评价术后植骨融合程度及内固定相关并发症情况。 结果与结论：患者随访时间为6-30个月,平均15.4个月。治疗后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,所有患者治疗后获得疼痛缓解,肌力恢复;目测类比评分及颈椎功能障碍指数评分均较术前有显著改善;脊髓型颈椎病患者日本矫形外科学会评分平均改善率为85.7%。治疗后第2天有7例患者出现轻、中度的吞咽困难。随访期间未发现内置物沉降,也未发生螺钉松动、断裂或内固定器移位等并发症。表明颈前路椎间盘切除减压植骨融合式中采用颈椎前路一体化Zero-p椎间融合器置入治疗颈椎病的近期临床效果良好,其设计同时具备了颈椎间融合器以及颈椎前路固定钢板的优点,内固定相关并发症少。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

Association between cervical lordotic curvature and cervical muscle cross‐sectional area in patients with loss of cervical lordosis

Disruption of the cervical lordotic curve can cause undesirable symptoms such as neck pain, and cord compression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of loss of cervical lordosis by measuring the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the cervical muscles using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to determine the relationship between cervical lordosis angle and cervical muscle status. The cervical lordosis angle was measured on standing lateral plain radiography using the posterior tangent technique in patients who complained of neck pain. The CSAs of the cervical flexor muscles including the longus cervicis and longus capitis, the cervical extensor muscles including the splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle, were measured at the maximum levels by axial T1‐weighted MRI. We compared neck muscle CSAs between the two groups, the correlation with cervical lordosis angle, and muscle status including CSA and imbalance. The CSA of the semispinalis capitis was significantly lower in the loss of cervical lordosis group, and the ratio of cervical flexor to extensor was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Partial correlation analysis revealed that the cervical lordotic angle was significantly positively correlated with the ratio of flexor to extensor muscle CSAs (P < 0.05). There is a significant relationship between cervical muscle imbalance, including extensor muscle weakness, and loss of cervical lordosis. An exercise program focusing on cervical extensor muscle strengthening and restoring the balance of flexor and extensor muscles is recommended for patients with loss of cervical lordosis. Clin. Anat. 31:710–715, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

脊髓型颈椎病合并椎体分节不良的临床及影像学的特点分析

目的 探讨脊髓型颈椎病合并椎体分节不良的临床及影像学特点。方法 回顾性分析2004年2月—2013年7月河北医科大学第三医院脊柱外科收治的2 981例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料,其中合并椎体分节不良患者71例纳入观察组,随机选取其中住院号尾数为单号的、无分节不良的单节段颈椎病患者80例为对照组。两组患者均采用前路手术完成减压和脊柱重建,观察颈椎分节不良的分布特点。比较两组患者术前颈椎活动度、颈椎曲度值、病变节段及相邻节段椎间盘退变程度、MRI T₂WI髓内高信号。采用术后6个月的JOA评分及其改善率评价临床效果。结果 脊髓型颈椎病合并椎体分节不良发生率为2.4%(71/2 981),分节不良椎体为上位椎间隙8例、下位椎间隙53例、远隔椎间隙10例。观察组术前颈椎活动度(35.2°±6.5°)较对照组(47.3°±8.8°)低,差异有统计学意义(t=9.509,P<0.01);观察组和对照组术前颈椎曲度分别为24.3°±3.8°和25.8°±5.6°,差异无统计学意义(t=1.901, P>0.05)。观察组MRI T₂WI髓内高信号发生率为39.4%(28/71)显著高于对照组22.5%(18/80),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.823,P<0.05)。观察组病变椎间盘平均退变分级高于对照组(Z=5.273, P<0.01),而颈椎分节不良椎体下位邻近节段椎间盘与上位邻近椎间盘分级差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。术后观察组及对照组患者平均JOA评分改善率分别为64.24%±9.49%和61.78%±11.48%,差异无统计学意义(t=1.388, P>0.05)。结论 脊髓型颈椎病合并椎体分节不良影像学上表现椎间盘突出多发生于分节不良节段下位椎间隙,退变严重,颈椎活动度变小,但相邻节段和颈椎整体曲度影响不大。此类临床表现与脊髓型颈椎病相似,选择适当术式治疗,预后良好。     

Reversal of asymptomatic cervical length shortening with cervical cerclage: a preliminary study

This is a prospective observational study which highlights the value of serial transvaginal cervical length measurements to identify asymptomatic cervical length shortening and the effect on cervical length following insertion of a McDonald cerclage. Four out of 14 patients exhibited asymptomatic cervical length shortening. Only patients whose cervical length was <2 cm underwent cerclage. All patients showed an increase in cervical length post-cerclage. The possible mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.     

颈交感神经干与筋膜的关系及在颈椎前外侧手术入路中的临床意义

目的　了解颈交感神经干（cervical sympathetic trunks, CST）与颈筋膜的解剖关系,为颈椎前外侧手术入路中避免CST损伤提供更为可靠的方法。 方法　福尔马林固定的成人尸体标本42具,标本分为两组,第1组30具,观察CST与椎前筋膜浅层（Alar筋膜）的位置关系及联系的紧密程度。在第2组12具,观察CST与颈动脉鞘关系。 结果　在第1组中,CST在第7颈椎椎体水平距离椎体中线的距离最小,约20 mm,所有标本中CST在第7颈椎椎体以上均紧密黏贴于Alar筋膜后面,有的甚至可视为被颈筋膜浅层包裹,不易与Alar筋膜钝性分离,当Alar筋膜被向外侧牵开时CST被一并牵开。在第2组中,所有标本中CST均紧贴于颈动脉鞘后面。 结论　CST紧贴于椎前筋膜深面,可随Alar筋膜被自然牵开,在颈椎前外侧入路的手术中不需要辨认、分离CST,仅通过牵开颈筋膜浅层即可对CST进行有效保护。     

Expression of PBK/TOPK in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

objectives: To evaluate the expression of PBK/TOPK (PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase) and its clinical significance in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: PBK/TOPK expression was detected in 28 cases of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINI), 62 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 80 cases of cervical cancer by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, the correlation between PBK/TOPK expression and clinicopathological features was quantitatively analyzed by measuring the positive unit (PU). Results: PBK/TOPK expression was significantly greater in cervical cancer than that in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and CINI (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, PBK/TOPK expression in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was significantly higher compared with that in CINI (P < 0.05). In addition, PBK/TOPK expression in cervical cancer significantly correlated with histological type, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, vaginal and cervical invasion, TNM stage and tumor size (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PBK/TOPK expression is closely associated with cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which may be served as a useful target for tumor diagnosis and immunotherapy.     

前路颈椎间盘切除和椎体次全切除植骨融合治疗临近两椎节脊髓型颈椎病

BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with stand-alone cages and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion with plate-mesh are widely used techniques in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. There were less comparative studies about these two techniques in surgical treatment of two-level contiguous cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients based long-term follow-up.     

Bryan颈椎间盘置换与颈前路间盘切除植骨融合疗效的系统分析

背景：Bryan颈椎间盘置换与颈前路间盘切除植骨融合治疗颈椎病的临床疗效存在争议。 目的：应用Meta分析方法,评价Bryan颈椎间盘置换与颈前路间盘切除植骨融合治疗颈椎病的临床疗效,为临床选择颈椎病的治疗方案提供依据。 方法：计算机检索Medline、PubMed 、EMBASE、OVID、中国生物医学数据库、万方数据库和中国知网数据库,手工检索中国主要7种骨科杂志,检索Bryan颈椎间盘置换与颈前路间盘切除植骨融合治疗颈椎病的临床研究。按照文中的纳入标准进行研究。提取颈椎总活动度、疼痛目测类比评分、颈部功能障碍指数、日本矫形外科协会评分等相关数据,利用RevMan4.2.2软件进行异质性和Meta分析,绘制森林图。 结果与结论：8篇文献符合纳入标准,共883例患者,其中Bryan颈椎间盘置换430例,颈前路间盘切除植骨融合 453例。Meta分析发现在治疗后3个月和24个月,Bryan颈椎间盘置换组颈椎总活动度高于颈前路间盘切除植骨融合组;治疗后12个月2组差异无显著性意义。治疗后12个月和24个月2组疼痛目测类比评分、颈部功能障碍指数的差异无显著性意义。治疗后24个月2组日本矫形外科协会评分的差异无显著性意义。结果说明在治疗颈椎病时,在治疗后颈椎总活动度方面,Bryan颈椎间盘置换优于颈前路间盘切除植骨融合,但2种治疗方案的神经减压效果无明显差异。