丹江口市乡村精神发育迟滞流行学调查报告

目的：了解丹江口市乡村精神发育迟滞患病率及患者当前状况。方法：调查按流调手册方法、流程进行，在全市乡村人口中按1．5％抽样，对≥15岁精神发育迟滞进行调查。结果：≥15岁乡村人口4846人中查出中、重度精神发育迟滞22例，患病率4．52‰，病例中无参加正常生产劳动者，从事简单劳动者81．82％，完全丧失劳动能力者18．18％。结论：同1982年全国12单位，1993年全国7单位的结果比较，患病率无统计学差异。丹江口市精神发育迟滞病人的现状令人担忧。     

重庆市某三甲医院的患者满意度影响因素分析及对策研究

目的：通过本次调查了解重庆市某三甲公立医院的患者或其家属的基本信息及就诊满意度，并分析影响患者就诊满意度的因素以作对策探讨。方法对患者或其家属采用随机抽样，用自制问卷进行现场调查。采用 epidata3．1录入数据，用SPSS 17．0软件进行 Logistic 分析。结果调查对象的总体满意度较高，选择“较满意”、“满意”和“很满意”者达96．3％，尚无人选择“很不满意”。而 Logistic 回归分析可知“医务人员对患者和善、尊重患者”、“医疗技术”、“工作效率”及“医疗费用的合理程度”是影响满意度的主要因素。结论医院在新医改的形势下，需要加强“以人为本”的医院文化建设和公益性建设以提高医疗服务的质量，积极采取措施提高患者满意度。     

109例精神发育迟滞司法鉴定分析

目的 探讨近年来精神发育迟滞司法鉴定案例特点。方法 以CCMD—3诊断标准，同时结合案情、智商测验及社会适应能力调查，对笔者原工作单位接受的109例精神发育迟滞司法鉴定案例进行分析。结果 作案组中，男性占绝大多数，多为来自偏僻山区的农民，文化程度低，小学文化以下占92．7％，案情以强奸、凶杀和偷盗为主，作案者大多为轻度患者。受害组全部为女性，小学以下文化程度占82．7％，案情均为性受害案件。结论近年来，精神发育迟滞在司法鉴定案例中所占比例有上升趋势，在法定能力评定过程中，不能单纯依赖智商测定结果，必须结合医学要件、法学要件和社会适应能力进行综合分析。同时，为减少精神发育迟滞犯罪和受害案件的发生，应加强教育和监护措施。     

哈尔滨市香坊红旗社区居民对现有社区卫生服务的利用及满意度研究

目的 了解需方对现有社区卫生服务的利用及满意度情况。方法 采用随机入户调查的方法，对哈尔滨市香坊红旗社区228户居民进行一般情况、社区卫生服务利用情况、社区卫生服务满意度情况进行调查。结果有72．4％的家庭接受过社区卫生服务；患病较轻时，选择就诊于社区卫生服务中心的为42．5％；52．6％-68．0％的家庭熟悉该中心提供的上门服务、预防接种、家庭访视、健康教育和慢性病管理；98．7％的家庭喜欢这样的社区卫生服务方式。结论该社区居民能够较好地接纳现有的社区卫生服务模式，对社区卫生服务有较高的满意度。建议将医疗保险指定门诊定位在社区卫生服务中心。     

589例重庆市口腔门诊患者医疗服务满意度的调查研究

目的调查重庆市居民口腔门诊医疗服务满意度现状,为口腔医疗机构服务品质的评价与改善提供参考依据。方法对重庆市主城区各级口腔医疗机构,依据2009年各医院门诊挂号人次比例,经分层随机抽样,选取589例来自重庆市各级口腔医疗机构就诊的成年患者,参考狩野纪昭(Noriaki Kano,1984)的二维品质模式的问卷内容,采用李克特5级标度法,对其一般资料、口腔门诊医疗服务满意度进行问卷调查。结果被调查的589例患者中77.93%对口腔门诊医疗服务的总评价为满意,不满意的患者为1.70%;将教育程度和医疗费用支付方式与口腔门诊医疗服务总满意度做单向方差分析发现差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中小学或初中患者对口腔门诊医疗服务总满意度显著低于不识字、大专或大学及研究生患者,商业医疗保险者对口腔门诊医疗服务总满意度显著高于社会基本医疗保险和自费者。结论重庆市口腔门诊医疗服务满意度总体评价良好,仍有待进一步提高服务举措以满足其社会评价。     

深圳市居民社区卫生服务满意度及排序评价

目的探讨深圳市居民社区居民对社区卫生服务的满意度及相关问题。方法采取描述性方法和TOP—SIS法对深圳市居民社区卫生服务满意度进行评价。结果有62．79％的居民对社区卫生服务比较满意。12.48％的居民认为很满意，但居民对服务技术、药品价格、医疗设备以及就诊环境的满意度不高。TOPSIS法结果提示满意度“一般”的社区健康服务中心占所调查社区健康服务中心的75．00％。结论深圳市居民社区卫生服务满意度整体上还是有较大的改进空间，社区卫生服务管理者应该积极采取相应措施来提高居民对社区卫生服务的满意度水平。     

40例精神发育迟滞犯罪嫌疑人的司法鉴定分析

目的 探讨精神发育迟滞患者违法犯罪的特征及其相关问题。方法 对40例精神发育迟滞患者违法犯罪案件进行司法精神医学鉴定分析。结果 40例精神发育迟滞犯罪者智能障碍以轻度为多(30／40，占75％)，以盗窃犯罪为第一位(17例，占42．50％)，性犯罪案为第二位(11例，占27．50％)。结论 全社会应重视精神发育迟滞者违法犯罪问题，加强教育和监督，是预防精神发育迟滞者发生违法犯罪行为的重要措施。     

沙市地区精神发育迟滞的流行学调查

对沙市地区３～１４岁儿童精神发育迟滞的流行病学调查结果表明：精神发育迟滞总患病率为２０．８７％，郊区比城区高，二者分别为３５．２１‰和１５．８９‰，（ｘ２＝３．８５，Ｐ＜０．０５）．轻度精神发育迟滞与文化教育有一定的关系。重度以上的精神发育迟滞可能与病因关系更密切。     

医院门诊收费处服务满意度调查分析

目的：探讨提高门诊收费处服务满意度的途径。方法：设计满意度调查问卷,随机抽样调查291例门诊病人对医院门诊收费处服务的满意度,并与门诊导医、药剂科、注射室等门诊服务窗口单位作对比分析。结果：病人对门诊收费处的满意度评价在所调查的6个门诊窗口中居最末位,满意度仅68．04％（P〈0．05）。病人最不满意的是排队时间长。结论：应从增强服务意识,规范服务行为,优化服务流程以及提高服务技能等多方面持续改进门诊收费处的服务质量,提高病人对门诊收费处的满意度和医院门诊服务的综合满意度。     

银川市育智学校47例弱智儿童病因调查及智能测试结果分析

目的 对４７例弱智儿童病因调查及智能测试。方法 采用韦氏智力测验、绘人试验及婴儿一初中生社会生活能力量表三项测试。并对家长进行病史询问。结果 围产期保健工作质量不高是造成儿童智残的重要因素,韦氏智测与绘人试验结果一致;调查儿童中有７８．７％社会适应能力低下。结论 加强围产期保健工作对提高人口质量至关重要;特殊教育是精神发育迟滞儿童最重要的治疗措施。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.