合并双髂总动脉瘤的腹主动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的总结腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤的腔内治疗经验。方法2009年1月～2012年3月,126例腹主动脉瘤接受腔内修复术（endovascularaneurysmrepair,EVAR）,其中33例合并双髂总动脉瘤（直径〉18mm）。27例双侧髂总动脉直径〉18-〈25mm,选择合适口径的髂腿移植物完成传统EVAR;6例因-侧髂总动脉直径≥25mm,选择该侧髂外动脉作为锚定区完成EVAR,并行髂内动脉栓塞术。结果所有腔内技术均获得成功,手术时间（115±36）min,出血量（173±65）m1。术中发现即刻内漏7例（21．2％）：I型内漏3例（近端1例,远端2例,均经球囊扩张后内漏消失）;11I型内漏1例,经扩张后内漏消失;II型内漏2例,Ⅳ型内漏1例,经随访瘤体直径未增大,未予处理。33例术后随访6～39个月,平均15．3月,无动脉瘤破裂,无远端迟发型I型内漏发生,髂动脉直径无明显扩张。结论对于部分合并双髂动脉瘤的腹主动脉瘤患者,根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的腔内治疗方法可以达到理想的治疗效果,近期效果满意。     

腔内治疗腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的总结腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤的腔内治疗经验。方法总结2016年4月至2018年11月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院18例接受腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)的腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤患者。其中6例双侧髂总动脉直径18～25 mm,选择合适口径的髂动脉分支支架完成传统EVAR;9例双侧髂总动脉直径≥25 mm,选择双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区完成EVAR,并行髂总动脉直径较大侧或合并髂内动脉瘤样变侧进行髂内动脉弹簧圈栓塞术;3例双侧髂总动脉直径≥25 mm,选择双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区完成EVAR,并行三明治技术单侧髂内动重建。结果腔内手术均获得成功,手术时间(120±35)min,出血量(100±40)ml。术中无即刻Ⅰ型内漏出现。1例双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区治疗患者术后发生臀肌缺血症状;3例三明治技术单侧髂内动重建患者中,1例髂内动脉Ⅱ型内漏发生,1例髂内动脉闭塞。术后随访3～32个月,平均10.3个月,无动脉瘤破裂,髂动脉直径无明显扩张。结论腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤患者根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的腔内治疗方法可达到理想的治疗效果,重建髂内动脉与否术后生活质量无明显差异。     

彩色多普勒超声辅助无造影剂腹主动脉瘤合并髂内动脉瘤腔内覆膜支架修复术

目的探索常规多普勒超声辅助腹主动脉瘤腔内覆膜支架修复术(EVAR)的技术可行性和有效性。方法对1例造影剂肾功能受损的腹主动脉瘤合并左侧髂总动脉瘤和左侧髂内动脉瘤患者,行无造影剂的术中常规超声辅助EVAR和左侧髂内动脉瘤栓塞术,总结该患者的临床资料。结果透视下借助常规超声辅助,主动脉支架释放成功,左侧髂内动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞成功,腹主动脉瘤及左侧髂总动脉瘤隔绝成功。术中超声显示来自肠系膜下动脉的Ⅱ型内漏,右侧髂支Ⅰb型内漏。患者的手术时间为120 min,术中出血量为20 m L。术后1周常规彩超显示,右侧髂支Ⅰb型内漏消失,来自肠系膜下动脉的Ⅱ型内漏仍然存在,于术后1周顺利出院。等待后续随访结果。结论常规超声辅助EVAR治疗解剖条件良好的腹主动脉瘤时,能清楚显示近远端锚定区域以及内漏情况,尤其适合存在碘造影剂禁忌的患者。     

髂动脉分支支架拓展应用保留单侧髂内动脉的可行性与安全性

背景与目的 对于主-髂动脉瘤合并双侧髂内动脉瘤（IIAA）的患者,髂动脉分支支架（IBD）是目前保留单侧髂内动脉（IIA）首选治疗方式,但商业化的IBD因个体化解剖差异而应用受限,难以满足所有患者情况,因此,本研究探讨IBD拓展应用保留单侧IIA的可行性与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2021年4月—2021年6月复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院行腹主动脉瘤腔内修复（EVAR）中采用不同方法拓展应用G-iliac^TM IBD保留单侧IIA的3例主-髂动脉瘤合并双侧IIAA患者临床资料。结果 3例患者均为男性,年龄66~70岁;腹主动脉瘤（AAA）最大直径29~56 mm,保留侧IIA主干有效腔管径及扩张处最大直径分别为10~11 mm和17~20 mm。保留侧髂总动脉（CIA）及髂外动脉（EIA）直径分别为15~28 mm和13~18 mm,栓塞侧IIA主干扩张处最大直径25~37 mm。3例患者均接受EVAR,采用G-iliac^TM IBD保留IIAA相对较小的一侧,弹簧圈栓塞IIAA较大一侧,技术成功率100%。保留单侧IIA拓展策略包括：将IIA桥接支架锚定于其主干相对健康管腔处,以及利用球扩式覆膜支架远端后扩放大特性,加强支架与扩张IIA远端密封性。围手术期无心梗、脑梗、出血及死亡等重大并发症发生。1例发生保留侧IIA来源Ib型内漏,球囊扩张后内漏消失;1例出现肠系膜下动脉来源II型内漏,出院前及术后3个月随访无明显改变;1例术后随访期间出现栓塞侧IIA分支来源II型内漏,术后3个月内漏消失。均未出现臀肌跛行症状,无支架断裂、移位、血栓等支架相关并发症。结论 对于合并双侧髂内动脉瘤样扩张的主-髂动脉瘤患者,采用不同策略,拓展IBD应用以保留单侧IIA短期内可行、安全,其中远期效果需进一步随访。     

高危复杂腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术临床分析

目的 评估应用多种腔内技术治疗高危复杂腹主动脉瘤的可行性.方法 2001年1月至2010年12月,共138例腹主动脉瘤患者接受腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR),其中9例患者为高危复杂性腹主动脉瘤.男性8例,女性1例,年龄26～87岁,平均67岁.其中2例近肾腹主动脉假性动脉瘤,5例近肾腹主动脉瘤,1例腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤及左侧髂内动脉瘤,1例EVAR术后右髂内动脉瘤.所采用的腔内技术包括:主动脉支架开窗技术和扇形技术2例,烟囱技术5例,球囊辅助下髂内动脉瘤腔内治疗1例和球囊辅助反转支架技术1例.结果 所有腔内技术均获得成功.术中支架释放后即刻发现内漏4例,其中1例患者为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型内漏,经大动脉球囊扩张后内漏消失;2例Ⅰ型内漏,其中1例行弹簧栓栓塞成功,另1例行近端裸支架成功.1例Ⅱ型内漏,经随访瘤腔直径未增大,未处理.随访4～79个月,平均25.9个月.无动脉瘤破裂,动脉瘤瘤体直径均有不同程度的缩小.随访过程中7例患者的靶血管(肾动脉、肠系膜上动脉和髂内动脉)均保持通畅.1例髂内动脉重建支架术后18个月血栓形成,但无盆腔缺血等症状.结论 对于不能耐受手术的高危复杂腹主动脉瘤患者,选择合适的腔内技术可以增加EVAR术的成功率,近、中期效果满意.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中髂内动脉的处理

目前,腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(endovascular aortic repair,EVAR)以其创伤小、恢复快、手术及住院时间短等优点,已逐渐成为腹主动脉瘤的首选治疗方式,尤其适用于高危患者.文献报道,在所有腹主动脉瘤患者中,约43％患者同时合并有单侧髂动脉瘤,约11％患者同时合并双侧髂动脉瘤[1].对于此类患者行EVAR术时往往需要考虑如何认真处理单侧或双侧髂内动脉(internal iliac artery,ⅡA).     

腹主动脉腔内修复术后II型内漏的栓塞治疗：附3例报告

目的:探讨腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)后Ⅱ型内漏的治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2011—2016年中南大学湘雅医院血管外科治疗的3例EVAR术后比较严重的Ⅱ型内漏患者的临床资料,1例胸腹主动脉瘤行杂交手术(开放手术重建内脏血管+EVAR)后瘤体继续增大,检查发现为腹腔干动脉反流性内漏;另外2例均为腹主动脉瘤行EVAR术后肠系膜下动脉反流性内漏。结果:腹腔干动脉反流性内漏患者用Interlock可解脱弹簧圈系统栓塞,另外2例采用普通弹簧圈栓塞。3例栓塞均获得成功,内漏消失。结论:EVAR术后Ⅱ型内漏采用不同的入路栓塞是行之有效的方法。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊远端锚定区的处理策略

目的 探讨对腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)中特殊远端锚定区的评估及处理方法.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年12月应用EVAR治疗的66例复杂远端锚定区腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料.其中男性45例,女性21例,年龄53～87岁,平均62岁.本组Ⅰ型及ⅡA型病例共20例,其中髂总或髂外动脉＞50％狭窄10例,髂总或髂外动脉严重扭曲者6例,合并以上情况者4例;双髂总合并髂内动脉瘤46例(单侧32例,双侧14例).支架血管移植物采用Medtronic 46例,COOK 14例,Microport 4例,Lifetech 2例.结果 平均手术时间90 min,术中移植物明显短缩22例(33.3％),Ⅱ型内漏18例(18/66,27.3％),Ⅲ型内漏5例(7.6％),髂支＞50％的狭窄2例(3.0％),同时合并Ⅱ、Ⅲ型内漏5例(7.6％),同时合并髂支狭窄及Ⅲ型内漏4例(6.1％).本组随访时间3～36个月,平均22个月,随访期间内移植物向远端移位2例(3.0％),移位均＜10 mm,髂支再狭窄(＞50％)2例,Ⅱ型内漏自行消失18例(18/23,78.3％),Ⅲ型内漏0例;死亡2例.结论 复杂远端锚定区增加了EVAR并发症发生率.熟悉移植物特性,合理应用处理策略,可提高EVAR技术成功率.     

腔内修复术中应用Viabahn支架重建肠系膜下动脉——2例报告

2015年5~12月我科行主动脉腔内修复术(endovascular aortic repair,EVAR)治疗腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA),同期应用Viabahn支架重建肠系膜下动脉(inferior mesenteric artery,IMA)2例。1例肾下型AAA合并双髂总动脉瘤样扩张,Riolan动脉弓形成,行EVAR治疗AAA,同期采用"烟囱"技术IMA内植入Viabahn支架成功,术后3个月随访复查CTA示支架位置良好,瘤体隔绝成功,Viabahn支架通畅。1例右侧髂总动脉巨大动脉瘤,行EVAR治疗髂总动脉瘤,髂内动脉弹簧圈栓塞,IMA内植入Viabahn支架成功,术后6个月随访复查CTA示支架位置良好,瘤体隔绝成功,Viabahn支架通畅。我们认为复杂AAA应用Viabahn支架合理重建IMA预防肠缺血,简化手术操作,近期疗效满意。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊远端锚定区的处理经验

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊远端锚定区的处理方法以及并发症。方法自1997年5月至2006年12月在150例包括髂总动脉瘤、髂内动脉瘤、髂动脉狭窄、严重成角等特殊远端锚定区的腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中,根据情况选择不同的处理方式,术后观察内漏、缺血并发症、髂动脉瘤形态以及旁路血管的通畅性。结果围手术期死亡率4％（6／150）,总死亡率42．5％（51／120）。6例原发性远端I型内漏,5例自愈,1例转化为持续性内漏;3例髂内动脉返流引起的Ⅱ型内漏随访中均自愈。7例单臂支架型血管,股股旁路手术2年通畅率为86％;4例髂内动脉旁路手术2年通畅率为100％。11例栓塞单侧髂内动脉出现臀肌缺血症状,平均症状消失时间42 d（5-90 d）。结论结合传统外科技术以及腔内技术,并选择合适的产品处理腹主动脉瘤特殊远端锚定区可取得满意疗效。中远期结果仍需观察。     

腔内修复术在复杂型肾下腹主动脉瘤中的应用

目的:探讨对于复杂型肾下腹主动脉瘤(AAA)行腔内修复(EVAR)治疗的操作要点和治疗效果。方法:回顾行EVAR治疗的15例复杂型肾下AAA患者的临床资料,分析术中操作要点和临床结局。结果:手术技术成功率为100%,无中转开腹病例,1例(6.67%)术后5 d死于急性心衰。瘤颈成角过大2例患者均使用肱-股双导丝技术完成手术;髂动脉狭窄患者7例,4例利用肱-股双导丝技术及球囊扩张后置入支架,其余经球囊扩张完成操作;1例左髂动脉闭塞的患者采用对侧髂动脉进入导丝通过闭塞段完成手术;8例重度扭曲患者通过超硬导丝将扭曲段纠正后释放支架。术中无瘤体破裂、血管穿孔及医源性血管夹层等严重并发症出现。随访期间,1例患者术后2年出现腰椎结核,死于多脏器功能衰竭;内漏3例,二次手术干预1例。结论:随着经验的积累,技术的进步及支架的不断完善,EVAR治疗复杂型肾下AAA是可行、有效的。     

Endovascular repair of late abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture owing to mixed-type endoleak following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

We report the successful endovascular repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a multimorbid patient 8 months after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). A 74-year-old man with a history of EVAR 8 months earlier presented with hypotension, severe back pain, and tenderness on abdominal palpation. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan showed a large retroperitoneal hematoma and confirmed the diagnosis of secondary abdominal aortic rupture. Because the patient had severe comorbidities, the endovascular method was chosen for further management. Two stent grafts were placed appropriately to eliminate a type 1a and a type 3 endoleak owing to modular separation of the left iliac graft limb from the main body stent graft. An additional self-expanding stent was deployed in the solitary right renal artery to open its origin, which was partially overlapped by the proximal cuff. The patient was discharged on the tenth postoperative day and is alive and well 1 year postoperatively. This case indicates that endovascular repair is feasible not only in cases of primarily ruptured AAAs but also in secondarily ruptured AAAs after failure of EVAR.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊近端锚定区的处理

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术（EVAR）中特殊近端锚定区的处理方法。方法1997年7月至2005年7月对41例特殊类型腹主动脉瘤（瘤颈过短、严重成角、严重钙化、附壁血栓、形态不规则等）的腔内修复术中，根据情况分别采用近端裸支架跨肾动脉技术、覆盖部分肾动脉并肾动脉支架成形技术、针对成角选择合理产品、近端裸支架内支撑技术、近端延长支架型血管内支撑技术、“凹口”状支架型血管保留肾动脉技术来处理特殊近端锚定区的病变。结果41例EVAR中原发性近端Ⅰ型内漏发生率17．1％（7／41），随诊发现原发性内漏4例自愈，3例转化为持续性内漏，另发现4例继发性内漏。术后30d近端Ⅰ型内漏发生率17.1％（7／41）。无中转开腹手术及术中瘤体破裂、肾梗死等情况发生。结论对特殊近端锚定区的病例，通过相关技术处理可以使之适合腔内治疗。     

Surgical access of the gluteal artery to embolize a previously excluded, expanding internal iliac artery aneurysm

We describe open exposure of the inferior gluteal artery to allow coil embolization on an enlarging internal iliac artery aneurysm after previous abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. An 84-year-old man with a stoma had undergone open AAA repair surgery 8 years previously, during which the proximal aortic neck and both proximal external iliac arteries were ligated, followed by an aorta to right external iliac and left common femoral bypass. Eight years later, he complained of abdominal pain, and a computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed persistent flow in the right internal iliac artery with enlargement to 8 cm in diameter. Because prograde access to the internal iliac artery was not possible as a result of the previous exclusion, the inferior gluteal artery was exposed surgically. Coil embolization of the arteries supplying the internal iliac artery aneurysm was successfully performed. The AAA and internal iliac artery aneurysm were treated by the exclusion technique. Eight years after the operation, CT revealed that the iliac artery had expanded to approximately 8 cm in diameter. The patient was placed face down, and a catheter was directly inserted into the internal iliac artery from the inferior gluteal artery. Four embolization coils were placed in the internal iliac artery and its branches. Absence of blood flow and shrinkage of the aneurysm were subsequently confirmed in the aneurysm, as shown by echogram color duplex scanning and CT scanning at 1 year. This technique could also be applicable for persistent blood flow in an internal iliac aneurysm after endovascular AAA repair, and the size of the aneurysm was reduced to approximately 1 cm 1 year after the operation.     

Endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PURPOSE: We sought to assess the role of endovascular techniques in the management of perigraft flow (endoleak) after endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHOD: We performed endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in 114 patients, using a variety of Gianturco Z-stent-based prostheses. Results were evaluated with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and every year after the operation. An endoleak that occurred 3 days after operation led to repeat CT scanning at 2 weeks, followed by angiography and attempted endovascular treatment. RESULTS: Endoleak was seen on the first postoperative CT scan in 21 (18%) patients and was still present at 2 weeks in 14 (12%). On the basis of angiographic localization of the inflow, the endoleak was pure type I in 3 cases, pure type II in 9, and mixed-pattern in 2. Of the 5 type I endoleaks, 3 were proximal and 2 were distal. All five resolved after endovascular implantation of additional stent-grafts, stents, and embolization coils. Although inferior mesenteric artery embolization was successful in 6 of 7 cases and lumbar embolization was successful in 4 of 7, only 1 of 11 primary type II endoleaks was shown to be resolved on CT scanning. There were no type III or type IV endoleaks (through the stent-graft). Endoleak was associated with aneurysm dilation two cases. In both cases, the aneurysm diameter stabilized after coil embolization of the inferior mesenteric artery. There were two secondary (delayed) endoleaks; one type I and one type II. The secondary type I endoleak and the associated aneurysm rupture were treated by use of an additional stent-graft. The secondary type II endoleak was not treated. CONCLUSIONS: Type I endoleaks represent a persistent risk of aneurysm rupture and should be treated promptly by endovascular means. Type II leaks are less dangerous and more difficult to treat, but coil embolization of feeding arteries may be warranted when leakage is associated with aneurysm enlargement.     

Successful treatment of endotension and aneurysm sac enlargement with endovascular stent graft reinforcement

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) enlarges after successful endovascular repair because of endoleak, which is persistent blood flow within the aneurysm sac. In the absence of detectable endoleak, AAA may still expand, in part because of endotension, which is persistent pressurization within the excluded aneurysm. We report three patients who underwent successful endovascular AAA repair using the Excluder device (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz). Although their postoperative surveillance showed an initial aneurysm regression, delayed aneurysm enlargement developed in all three, apparently due to endotension. Endovascular treatment was performed in which endograft reinforcement with a combination of aortic cuff and iliac endograft extenders were inserted in the previously implanted stent grafts. The endograft reinforcement procedure successfully resulted in aneurysm sac regression in all three patients. Our study underscores the significance of increased graft permeability as a mechanism of endotension and delayed aneurysm enlargement after successful endovascular AAA repair. In addition, our cases illustrate the feasibility and efficacy of an endovascular treatment strategy when endotension and aneurysm sac enlargement develops after endovascular AAA repair.