食品中苏丹红一号的检测方法研究

目的：应用高效液相色谱和固相萃取技术测定食品中的苏丹红一号。方法：用固相萃取法对样品提取液进行净化处理，利用反相高效液相色谱法分析食品中的苏丹红一号，在C18色谱柱上，95％的甲醇水溶液做流动相，流速为1．00ml／min，柱温为40℃，紫外检测波长为478nm，可以较好地检测食品中的苏丹红一号，阳性样品由液相色谱一多极串联质谱联用仪确证。结果：该方法相对标准偏差在1．00％-2．36％之间，回收率在87．2％-95．0％之间。线性相关系数r〉0．9992。结论：本方法准确可靠，可应用于食品中苏丹红一号的测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定食品中苏丹红1、2、3、4的方法研究

目的：高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中苏丹红1、2、3、4。方法：色谱柱为C18柱，以0．1％醋酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱，流速1．0mL／min，紫外-可见光二级管阵列检测器。结果：该方法苏丹红的线性范围均为0．5～20μg／ml，相关系数均为0．999以上(n=5)；最低检出限为0．02μg／ml；回收率均为97．6％～104％。结论：该方法操作简便，是食品中苏丹红的快速而准确的检测方法。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测蛋类食品中的苏丹红四号

目的：应用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定蛋类食品及蛋制品中的苏丹红四号。方法：用固相萃取法对样品提取液进行净化处理，利用液相色谱-质谱联用仪分析苏丹红四号。结果：该方法相对标准偏差在1．21％-2．56％之间，回收率在88．0％-96．3％之间，线性相关系数r〉0．9993。结论：本方法准确可靠，可应用于蛋类食品及蛋制品中苏丹红四号的测定。     

食品中苏丹红染料检测方法的研究

目的：简化样品的前处理，避免高效液相色谱淋洗液乙腈、丙酮溶液对人体的损害，降低成本、提高仪器稳定性。方法：高效液相色谱法用0．1％甲酸的甲醇溶液作为淋洗液，不用梯度洗脱测定食品中苏丹红含量。结果：研究了用高效液相色谱法测定食品中苏丹红的色谱条件、线性范围，方法的检出限苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ分别为：11、10、8、8gg／kg，相对标准偏差〈2．6％，回收率为88％一106％，此方法与国标方法无显著性差异。结论：用本方法测定食品中苏丹红含量时有操作简单、快捷、毒性小、成本小、仪器稳定性好、灵敏度高等优点，具有可靠的准确度和良好的精密度。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品成品中的对位红和苏丹红

目的：建立食品成品中简便、易行的同时检测对位红和苏丹红系列的高效液相色谱方法。方法：样品中的对位红和苏丹红经正己烷提取、采用光谱分析选择合适测定波长、梯度洗脱、C18柱分离，外标法定量。结果：对位红、苏丹红I、Ⅱ最低检测限为0．3mg／ks，在0．3～20ms／kg范围内呈良好的线性关系。苏丹红Ⅲ、Ⅳ最低检测限为0．05ms／kg，在0．05—20mg／kg范围内呈良好的线性关系。5种色素相关系数均≥0．995，平均回收率在76．9％～127．0％范围内，RSD≤10％（n=6）。结论：采用本方法同时完成食品成品中对位红、苏丹红I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的测定，不需要固相萃取，从而简化样品前处理步骤，优化了色谱条件，缩短了测定时间。     

薄层色谱测定食品中苏丹红染料方法的探讨

目的：探讨一种测定食品中苏丹红染料的简便、快捷、灵敏、准确的方法。方法：利用薄层色谱法测定食品中苏丹红染料。结果：方法的最低检出限为0．6mg／kg，标准偏差（兄妨）为苏丹红Ⅰ：2．7％、苏丹红Ⅱ：2．5％、苏丹红Ⅲ：2.3％，平均回收率苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ和苏丹红Ⅲ均为88％。结论：用薄层色谱法测定食品中苏丹红，方法简便、易行，灵敏度、精密度、回收率较高，结果可靠。     

南宁市部分市售食品中苏丹红一号的监测

目的：了解南宁市部分市售食品中苏丹红一号的使用状况。方法：应用高效液相色谱法（欧洲委员会03／99）对样品进行抽检。结果：抽检的79份样品中检出使用苏丹红一号的食品有10份，总检出率12．7％。方法检测限0．013μg／ml。结论：市面上还存在滥用苏丹红一号的食品，应引起有关部门的重视。     

高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器测定食品中苏丹红染料

目的：研究食品中苏丹红的高效液相二极管阵列检测法。方法：样品经提取后，中性氧化铝柱层析，C18柱分离，二极管阵列检测器检测。结果：方法线性范围在0．25～5．0μg／ml，检出限为10μg／kg（取样20．0g），相对标准偏差为5．7％～11．0％，回收率为75．2％～89．3％。结论：该方法较灵敏，准确，并可及时排除假阳性结果，可用于食品中苏丹红的常规检测。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定痕量苏丹红Ⅰ

目的：建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定痕量苏丹红的Ⅰ新方法。方法：以四氢呋喃-酸性水溶液为流动相，紫外检测器测定。结果：在0．20～100．00μg／ml浓度范围内色谱峰面积与苏丹红Ⅰ的浓度有良好的线性关系，回归方程为A=5．7414C＋0．565，相关系数r=0．9997，检出限为82ng／ml，测定下限为0．20μg／ml，RSD为0．48％～4．34％（m=6，n=11），加标回收率为98．07％～99．85％。结论：实验在国标法的基础上改进了样品处理方法和流动相，样品处理简单，流动相简单且毒性小，线性范围广，准确性好，灵敏度高，应用于辣椒粉样品中苏丹红Ⅰ的检测，结果准确。     

食品中苏丹红1号高效液相色谱测定法的研究

目的：建立食品中致癌染色剂苏丹红1号的高效液相色谱定量测定方法.方法：对测定方法中涉及到的检测波长、流动相、操作方法以及方法的线性范围和最低检出量、精密度和准确度等方面进行实验研究.结果：选择苏丹红1号测定的最佳实验条件,建立简便、快速、灵敏、精密度好、准确度高、抗干扰能力强的高效液相色谱定量测定方法.结论：本方法可用于食品中致癌染色剂苏丹红1号的分析测定.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.