槐耳增强免疫作用机制研究及其临床应用

槐耳是我国重要的药用真菌,其主要活性成分多糖蛋白可显著增强机体免疫功能,具有良好的抗肿瘤、抗炎等作用,其制剂槐耳颗粒已应用于临床治疗。该文对其增强免疫作用的机制及临床应用进行阐述,以期为槐耳增强免疫作用的深入研究提供参考。     

抗癌新药槐耳颗粒剂的研制

槐耳颗粒原名槐耳冲剂。它和其原料药材槐耳菌质,均于1992年被卫生部批准为中药一类新药,并进行试生产,1996年又转正式生产,目前用于原发性肝癌等,现将其研制情况简介如下: 槐耳就是槐栓菌槐耳(槐蛾)是我国民间重要药用真菌,用于治疗癌症等,但调     

槐耳及其复方制剂槐杞黄颗粒的研究进展

槐耳生长于槐树、洋槐及青檀等树上,为多孔菌科真菌槐菌栓的子实体,其菌盖半圆形,呈耳状,生长于古中国槐上,故古称"槐耳"。近年来研究发现,槐耳具有抗肿瘤及免疫调节等功效,其与枸杞子、黄精等配伍后可得到真菌类新药-槐杞黄颗粒,其更大程度的增强了机体的免疫调节功能。该文将对槐耳及其复方制剂槐杞黄颗粒近年来的研究进展予以综述。     

槐耳抗肿瘤活性部位的筛选研究

目的 研究槐耳不同提取分离部位对不同肿瘤细胞的体外增殖抑制作用, 筛选槐耳抗肿瘤有效部位。方法 方法采用溶剂法对槐耳进行不同部位分离,利用CCK-8法检测槐耳不同提取物对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。结果 槐耳不同提取物对肿瘤细胞均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中,醇水双提部位抗肿瘤活性最高。结论 槐耳中抗肿瘤的有效部位是醇水双提部位,且其对不同肿瘤细胞的体外增殖抑制作用呈一定的浓度依赖作用。     

甘草对液体发酵中槐耳菌丝体生长及多糖影响初探

[目的] 以槐耳菌丝体生物量及多糖为主要指标,探究槐耳-甘草液体共发酵中最佳甘草的添加量和发酵时长。[方法] 采用液体发酵技术,在液体发酵培养基中加入甘草提取液,共发酵获得槐耳-甘草共发酵产物,苯酚-硫酸法及DNS法结合测定多糖含量。[结果] 槐耳-甘草液体共发酵实验中,添加甘草8 g/L、发酵终点设为192 h时,槐耳生物量和胞内多糖产量达到最大值。[结论] 运用槐耳-甘草液体共发酵可以提高槐耳生物量及多糖的含量,为深入研究槐耳-甘草液体共发酵机制提供了理论依据。     

槐耳浸膏对骨髓瘤细胞株PRMI8226细胞的影响

目的：探讨槐耳浸膏（金克）对骨髓瘤细胞细胞株PRMI8226细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法：体外培养PRMI8226细胞与1.5、3、5mg/ml的不同浓度槐耳浸膏共孵育,分别在24、36和72小时时,用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率,流式细胞术（FCM）检测早期细胞凋亡情况。结果：槐耳浸膏可抑制PRMI8226细胞细胞增殖,不同浓度的槐耳浸膏对多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖的抑制效果不同,以5mg/ml时抑制增殖效果最好。且浓度为5.0mg/ml的槐耳浸膏诱导多发性骨髓瘤细胞48小时抑制率达到高峰84%。FCM检测表明,槐耳浸膏可诱导PRMI8226细胞早期凋亡,浓度为5.0mg/ml槐耳浸膏对PRMI8226细胞处理48小时引起25.9%的凋亡率。这两种作用均随槐耳浸膏浓度和作用时间的延长而增强。结论：槐耳浸膏可在体外抑制PRMI8226细胞增殖,并促进其凋亡。     

槐耳醇提物抑制人胃癌细胞MKN-45增殖的实验研究

目的观察槐耳不同提取部位对人胃癌MKN-45细胞增殖的影响,并筛选其有效部位。方法用系统溶剂法将槐耳提取为石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙醇、水五个部位后,用CCK-8显色法,检测不同部位不同浓度的槐耳醇提取物对MKN-45增殖的作用。结果槐耳石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙醇部位为抗肿瘤有效部位,其中以正丁醇部位效果最佳,其对MKN-45细胞半数抑制率(IC50)为56.142μg·m L-1。结论槐耳醇提物能抑制人胃癌MKN-45细胞增殖,其最有效部位为槐耳正丁醇部位。     

槐耳浸膏对骨髓瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨槐耳浸膏对骨髓瘤细胞株PRMI8226细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法取PRMI8226细胞与1.5mg/ml、3mg/ml、5mg/ml的不同浓度槐耳浸膏在体外孵育,分别在24h、36h、和48h时用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率,并用流式细胞术（FCM）检测早期细胞凋亡情况。结果槐耳浸膏可抑制PRMI8226细胞增殖,不同浓度的槐耳浸膏对多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖的抑制效果不同,以5mg/ml抑制增殖效果最好。且浓度为5.0mg/ml的金克诱导多发性骨髓瘤细胞48h抑制率达到高峰84%。FCM检测表明槐耳浸膏可诱导PRMI8226细胞早期凋亡,用5.0mg/ml槐耳浸膏处理48h后,可引起25.9%的PRMI8226细胞凋亡。这两种作用均随槐耳浸膏浓度和作用时间的延长而增强。结论槐耳浸膏可在体外抑制PRMI8226细胞增殖,并促进其凋亡。     

槐耳的研制及临床应用

目的：介绍槐耳的研究动态。方法：根据研究报告，综述有关槐耳的研制及临床应用和疗效评估。结果：槐耳是一类不可多得的抗癌新药，值得在临床上推广应用。结论：从细胞分子生物学角度探讨研究槐耳如何诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡等方面基础药理机制应是今后研究亟待解决的问题。     

槐耳颗粒抑制肺腺癌细胞增殖和迁移的机制研究

目的:研究槐耳颗粒对肺腺癌细胞系A549和H1299增殖和迁移的作用及机制。方法:通过MTT和细胞划痕实验探究不同浓度槐耳对A549、H1299细胞生长和迁移的抑制作用,并计算抑制率;运用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡状态;运用Western blot检测不同浓度槐耳对两种细胞系中EMT相关蛋白表达水平的影响。结果:MTT表明随着槐耳浓度升高,A549和H1299的增殖抑制率均上升(P<0.05);流式细胞术结果显示槐耳能诱导两种细胞发生凋亡;细胞划痕实验结果表明,肿瘤细胞的迁移随槐耳浓度的升高而抑制(P<0.05);Western blot表明,上皮细胞标记蛋白E-cadherin表达增高,间充质细胞标记蛋白N-cadherin、Vimentin及Snail表达减少。结论:槐耳能有效抑制肺癌细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡,并通过Snail通路抑制EMT的发生,从而阻碍肿瘤细胞的迁移。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病

[背景 ]浅谈应用冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病的早期效果和经验 .[病例报告 ]3例患者均为男性 ,平均年龄为 5 6岁 ;其中 2例为 3支冠状动脉病变 ,1例为 4支冠状动脉病变 .左室射血分数分别为 3 6% ,65 % ,75 % ;心绞痛病史为 1个月～ 2年 .均在正中开胸 ,低温体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,移植血管全部用自身大隐静脉 .2例搭 3支桥 ,1例搭 4支桥 .3例冠状动脉旁路移植术均取得了良好的临床效果 .术后 3例心绞痛症状均完全消失 ,术后无严重的并发症 ,无手术死亡病例 .[讨论 ]冠状动脉旁路移植术是治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病的一种安全有效的方法 ,近期临床效果满意 .     

轻度认知障碍和老年性痴呆关系的研究

目的研究轻度认知损害(MCI)和老年痴呆(AD)发病关系.方法应用MMSE、ADL、HIS神经心理量表评价记忆和认知,检测血液生化、ESR、TSH.常规头部CT或MCI检查,必要时神经电生理检查.结果研究提示12%MCI患者在1年内,23%在2年内,32%在3年内,50%患者在4年内进展为AD.结论MCI是AD发病的预警信号,如果能早期筛选出MCI患者,进行预防性干预,将有效的提高患者的生存质量.     

大学生心理需求及影响因素分析

目的 探讨当代大学生心理需要特点及有关影响因素。方法 采用爱德华个性偏好问卷(EPPS)，艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)及自制大学生一般情况调查问卷对450名大学生进行测试。结果 总体百分位排名前5位需要依次为异性、成就、表现、求助及亲和需要；男女生在异性需要上存在差异；成就需要与母亲健康状况、家庭经济状况呈正相关；顺从需要与性别、身高、体重、学习成绩呈负相关；秩序需要与学习成绩呈正相关；表现需要与父亲文化、母亲职业呈正相关；省察、求助需要与性别、身高、体重呈负相关；支配、异性、攻击需要与性别、身高、体重呈正相关；谦卑需要与母亲文化、母亲职业、身高呈负相关；变异需要与性别呈显著负相关，与母亲文化、身高呈正相关；持久需要与家庭经济状况呈正相关。内一外倾纬度分值与顺从、秩序、求助、谦卑、扶助、持久需要呈显著负相关，与支配、变异、表现、亲和需要呈显著正相关，神经质纬度分值与成就、秩序、持久呈显著负相关，与顺从、求助、谦卑、攻击需要呈显著正相关。结论 异性、成就、表现、求助及亲和需要是当代大学生的主要心理需要；性别、身高、体重、学习成绩、父母文化、母亲职业、母亲健康状况、家庭经济对大学生心理需求会产生一定的影响。     

Predictive value of SS-B precipitating antibodies in Sjo?gren's syndrome

As part of a screening programme several patients were identified with antibodies to the nuclear antigen SS-B. Fifteen were examined and 11 found to have Sj?gren's syndrome, though this had not been suspected by most of the referring physicians. In contrast, among a group of 17 patients with overt Sj?gren's syndrome, most of whom also had rheumatoid arthritis, only one had antibodies to SS-B. Patients presenting with polyarthralgia found to be SS-B positive may be likely to develop Sj?gren's syndrome but unlikely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. The detection of SS-B antibodies may antedate clinical evidence of Sj?gren's syndrome by months or even years. These results emphasise the clinical heterogeneity of Sj?gren's syndrome.     

Prevalence and natural history of and risk factors for subaneurysmal aorta among 65-year-old men

Abstract

Background: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of screening-detected subaneurysmal aorta (SAA), i.e. an aortic diameter of 2.5–2.9?cm, its associated risk factors, and natural history among 65-year-old men.

Methods: A total of 14,620 men had their abdominal aortas screened with ultrasound and completed a health questionnaire containing information on smoking habits and medical history. They were categorized based on the aortic diameter: normal aorta (<2.5?cm; n?=?14,129), SAA (2.5–2.9?cm; n?=?258), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) (≥3.0?cm; n?=?233). The SAA-group was rescanned after 5?years. Associated risk factors were analyzed.

Results: The SAA-prevalence was 1.9% (95% confidence interval 1.7%–2.1%), with 57.0% (50.7%–63.3%) expanding to ≥3.0?cm within 5?years. Frequency of smoking, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and claudication were significantly higher in those with SAA and AAA compared to those with normal aortic diameter. Current smoking was the strongest risk factor for SAA (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; P?<?0.001) and even stronger for AAA (OR 3.6; P?<?0.001). Men with SAA expanding to AAA within 5?years presented pronounced similarities to AAA at baseline.

Conclusions: Men with SAA and AAA presented marked similarities in the risk factor profile. Smoking was the strongest risk factor with an incremental association with disease severity, and disease progression. This indicates that SAA and AAA may have the same pathophysiological origin and that SAA should be considered as an early stage of aneurysm formation. Further research on the cost-effectiveness and potential benefits of surveillance as well as smoking cessation and secondary cardiovascular prevention in this subgroup is warranted.     

桡侧腕短伸肌腱延长术治疗顽固性肱骨外上髁炎(附52例报道)

本文报道自1980—1985年我科用桡侧腕短伸肌腱延长术治疗顽固性肱骨外上髁炎52例,50例得到随访,随访时间平均5年。其中47例症状及阳性体征完全消失,余3例后遗症状轻微,并不影响其活动。随访时进行了腕背伸力测量,与健侧对比无明显减弱。本文认为该术是治疗顽固性肱骨外上髁炎的好方法。     

肺栓塞1例

[背景 ]对肺栓塞的认识普遍较低 ,容易漏诊、误诊 .[病例报告 ]患者年龄为 5 7岁 ,女性 ,以原因不明的呼吸困难为主要症状 ,超声心动图检查示右心房右心室扩大及肺动脉高压 .进一步做CT肺血管造影检查确诊为肺栓塞 .[讨论 ]可根据临床表现及非特异性检查 (胸部X线片、超声波及心电图等检查 )确诊肺栓塞 ,当疑似为肺栓塞时可做有确诊意义的CT肺血管造影检查 .     

Diabetes treatment and hypoglycaemic episodes in elderly patients at nursing homes in Uppsala County

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the situation for elderly patients with diabetes living in nursing homes with regard to diabetes treatment, clinical variables, and vascular complications associated with diabetes. A second aim was to evaluate if the patients were at risk of hypoglycaemia.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including diabetes patients from all 30 nursing homes in Uppsala County, Sweden. Current antidiabetic medications, HbA_1c, hypoglycaemic events, and diabetes complications were registered from the medical records. The patients were stratified into a general group and divided into three groups according to HbA_1c (<52, 52–73, and >73?mmol/mol).

Results: Of 1,350 individuals, 218 patients were identified with diabetes mellitus. The diabetes duration was 11.2?±?9.4 years and their serum HbA_1c concentration 56.0?±?1.2?mmol/mol. Hypoglycaemic events were reported in 24% of the diabetic individuals, and 43.1% of them had HbA_1c <52?mmol/mol (mean value 44.0?±?1.1?mmol/mol). Of these, 36% were taking antidiabetic drugs. Another 35.8% of the patients had HbA_1c values between 52–73?mmol/mol (mean value 60.0?±?1.1?mmol/mol), and 82% of these patients were taking antidiabetic drugs. Almost 80% of the diabetic patients had either micro- or macrovascular complications, with diabetes duration as an association for both micro- or macrovascular complications and hypoglycaemic events.

Conclusions: A reduction of the use of antidiabetic drugs with follow-up of HbA_1c level should be considered, especially for multimorbid elderly patients with low HbA_1c and hypoglycaemia.     

鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤临床分析

报告鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤２１例，男１７例，女４例，男女之比为４．２５∶１。平均年龄４４．８岁，高发年龄组为３１～４０岁组，占４７．６％。最常见的临床症状是鼻阻塞，对单侧鼻腔新生物进行多部位多次活检，可在术前确诊。治疗时整块切除肿瘤和上颌窦内侧壁，可降低术后复发，本组２例经鼻内手术切除肿瘤，１９例经鼻侧切开并切除整块肿瘤及上颌窦内侧壁，其中前者１例（５０％）复发，后者４例（２１．８％）复发，总复发率为２３．８％。其中３例发生癌变，其癌变率为１４．３％。