Effects of trajectory wind direction on ion concentration of PM10

INTRODUCTION PM10 describes the mass of particles in the atmosphere with a size of less than 10 micrometers in diameter or has an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm, and it is the commonly used international convention for measuring particles in ambient air[1…     

Gamma-linolenic Acid from a Blue-Green alga Spirulina platensis Might Alleviate PM2.5 Induced Damages in A549 Cells

<正>With the rapid progress of urbanization,atmospheric fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5μm (PM_2.5)has attracted increasing concern because of its hazardous effects as an air pollutant on human health^[1].Epidemiological studies have shown that PM2.5 has adverse effects on the respiratory,     

LncRNA LUCAT1 Activation Mediated by the Down-regulation of DNMT1 Is Involved in Cell Apoptosis Induced by PM_(2.5)

正Particulate matter (PM), which is a great environmental concern, has been classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)~([1]).Epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated that chronic exposure to PM, especially PM_(2.5) (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than     

The Impact of Haze Weather on Health： A view to Future

In January 2013, China suffered large-scale haze weather four times, affecting 30 cities in all. The average number of haze weather days in many regions was higher than the same period in every year since 1961. PM2.s, which is defined as fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less, is the main health hazard in the context of haze weather. It can carry large amounts of poisonous and harmful substances, and penetrate deep into the lungs and blood circulation through the respiratory tract, thereby affecting human health.     

Culturable Bacterial Density and Composition in Haze Events in Xi'an,China

<正>Industrialization and urbanization have increased air pollution in developing countries.Haze pollution is now a severe environmental concern in China; it is mainly characterized by PM2.5, a particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less.Northern China experiences persistent haze pollution that affects many cities and millions of people, every winter and spring.     

Relationship between Ambient Fine Particles and Ventricular Repolarization Changes and Heart Rate Variability of Elderly People with Heart Disease in Beijing,China

Objective To explore the effects of particulate matters less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5) on heart repolarization/depolarization and heart rate variability (HRV). Methods We conducted a panel study for elderly subjects with heart disease in Beijing from 2007 to 2008. PM 2.5 was measured at a fixed station for 20 h continuously each day while electrocardiogram (ECG) indexes of 42 subjects were also recorded repeatedly. Meteorological data was obtained from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. A mixed linear regression model was used to estimate the associations between PM 2.5 and the ECG indexes. The model was adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, day of the week andmeteorology. Results Significant adverse effects of PM 2.5 on ECG indexes reflecting HRV were observed statistically and the strongest effect of PM 2.5 on HRV was on lag 1 day in our study. However, there were no associations between PM 2.5 and ECG indexes reflecting heart repolarization/depolarization. Additionally, the effects of PM 2.5 on subjects with hypertension were larger than on the subjects without hypertension. Conclusion This study showed ambient PM 2.5 could affect cardiac autonomic function of the elderly people with heart disease, and subjects with hypertension appeared to be more susceptive to the autonomic dysfunction induced by PM 2.5.     

Omics Approaches for Exploring Pneumoconiosis: A Review

Pneumoconiosis,a fatal lung disease caused by dust inhalation and deposition,is one of the leading occupational diseases worldwide[1].The dust is primarily inorganic particles,such as silica particles,coal dust,and asbestos fibers.If the diameter of dust is less than 5μm,it is defined as‘respirable dust’that can easily reach the distal airways and alveoli[2].     

Interaction between ambient particles and ozone and its effect on daily mortality

Objective To examine the effect of particulate matter （PM） less than 10 microns in diameter （PM10） and ozone （O3） on daily mortality in Shanghai, China. Methods A generalized additive model with penalized spline function was used to observe the acute effect of PM10 and O3 on daily mortality. Results Higher PM10 significantly increased the effect of 03 on total mortality, and O3 also increased the effect of PM10 although the estimated increment was statistically insignificant. Conclusion Our findings provide further evidence for the effect of PM10 and O3 on daily mortality.     

PM2.5致人支气管上皮细胞MUC5AC高分泌的机制研究

目的探究PM2.5(Particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5μm,PM2.5)对人支气管上皮细胞(16-HBE)黏蛋白5AC(MUC5AC)高分泌可能的分子机制影响,为PM2.5引起的气道粘液高分泌以及慢性气道疾病的治疗和预防提供重要的理论依据。方法细胞实验:采用不同浓PM2.5(1.6、8.0、40.0μg/mL)处理16-HBE细胞24h后,RT-PCR和WesternBlot检测MUC5AC表达变化;建立稳定表达MUC5AC的HEK-293细胞稳转株,通过String蛋白质相互作用预测、LC-MS/MS分析、pulldown和Co-IP实验验证MUC5AC相互作用蛋白;Western Blot检测不同浓度PM2.5处理细胞后p-Akt和Akt表达变化;特异性PI3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002处理细胞后,检测MUC5AC蛋白表达变化。动物实验:饲养Wistar大鼠(6-8周),颈部中线下切开皮肤,暴露气管,在环状软骨之间插入灌注针头,按7.5 mg/kg毒剂量经气管注入PM2.5,RT-PCR、Western Blot和免疫组化检测肺气管组织MUC5AC、p-Akt和Akt表达变化。结果不同浓度PM2.5处理细胞和动物后,可以上调MUC5AC和p-Akt蛋白表达,但对Akt表达无显著影响;蛋白质互作显示,GALNT14可以与MUC5AC相互作用调节气道黏液分泌;抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路能够有效降低MUC5AC蛋白的表达。结论 PM2.5可以通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路促进人支气管上皮细胞MUC5AC与GALNT14相互作用进而导致气道黏液分泌增加。     

SMALL HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA DNA CONTENT AND BLOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The DNA content of 12 small hepatocellular carcinomas (SHCC,<3cm in diameter) and 26 large hepatocellular carcinomas (LHCC) was quantitatively determined by means of TV –image analysis. The results showed that 8 patients (66.7%) with SHCC had DNA stem lines in diploid (2C), and 24(92.3%) with LHCC had DNA stem lines in aneuploid (AN) (P<0.01). The incidences of tumor capsule breaking and cancerous thrombosis were 165 and 20% respectively in SHCC, significantly lower than 84% and 80% in LHCC (P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate was 75% in patients with SHCC after operation, much higher than 46.2% in patients with LHCC. No relations were found between DNA content, tumor size, pathological grading and serum AFP valurs of HCC. The results suggest that SHCC less than 3cm in diameter reflects the early changes of biological characteristics; HCC of 3 cm in size may be at an important period when the changes of DNA stem lines and biological characteristics would occur; SHCC is possible to be determined by steam AFP values; and that the survival rate of the patients can be further improved by early finding and treatment of SHCC less than 3cm in diameter.     

Significance of Clinicopathology in Quantitative Measurement of DNA Content in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

DNA content of 38 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) was quantitativelydetermined by means of image analysis technology.The results showed that DNA contentin HCC was correlated well with the tumor size,capsule breaking,cancerous thrombusforming and clinical prognosis,that is,the higher DNA content was,the more malignanceappeared,but not with the clinical staging and pathological grading of HCC.66.7% ofDNA diploid/near diploid HCC were less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter,whereas 75%of DNA aneuploid HCC were more than 3cm in diameter (P<0.05),suggesting that HCC at3cm in size may be an important period when the change of biological characteristics wouldoccur.This study indicates that the quantitative analysis of DNA content can provide avaluable supplement to morphology in predicting the biological features and objective basesfor assessing clinical prognosis of HCC.     

Microscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery in Patients with Small Nostril

Recently, the endonasal transsphenoidal approach has been widely used as the standard technique for pituitary surgery instead of the sublabial approach. However, using this approach involves potential conflicts between surgical instruments when entering the nostril and while working inside even with an endoscope. In patients with small nostril, it requires an additional tension release incision to acquire sufficient working space, especially for the procedure with the speculum because the anterior nasal spine and the medial edge of the maxillary bone crest mainly limit the speculum opening. For children whose nostrils are less than 10 mm in diameter, an additional incision made across the base of the columella allows the speculum to spread to about 20 mm. For adults, such as women and Asians whose nostrils are around 10 mm in diameter, the disarticulation of the septal cartilage on the nasal crest of maxilla without columellar incision allows the speculum to spread to about 15 mm.This report describes a simple technique with or without columellar incision using the microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for patients with small nostril.     

EARLY PREGNANCY TERMINATION WITH RU 486 ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH ONO 802

One hundred and eighty seven pregnant women with less than 49 days of amenorrhea were treated with RU 486, an antiprogestin, at a single oral dose of 600 mg alone (group 1, 28 cases ) and in combination with a vaginal suppository Containing 1 mg of ONO 802     

Cerebral artery reconstruction in the treatment of large and giant intracranial aneurysms.

From 1978 to 1988, 14 giant intracranial aneurysms(more than 2.4 cm in diameter) and one large aneurysm (1.5cm in diameter) were treated by extracranial/intracranial(EC/IC) bypass or cerebral artery reconstruction. Of theaneurysms, 10 were located at the intracavernous carotid ar-tery (CCA). One of the 10 anourysms was posttraumatic andlocated at both the carotid-ophthalmic artery segment and thebifurcation of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Three wereseen at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) trunk.Theaneurysms were demonstrated by angiography and CTscanning. They were treated with trapping of the aneurysm andsuperficial temporal artery (STA)/middle cerebral artery(STA-MCA) bypass with/without a graft (6 cases), cervicalICA ligation and STA-MCA bypass with / without a graft (6)aneurysm excision with an end-to-end anastomosis of theMCA and a STA-MCA bypass with a graft (1), proximal     

Laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy: report of 11 cases

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy. Methods Five cases of liver cancer,4 cases of hepatic hemangioma, and 2 cases with suspected liver tumors were included in this series. Tumors were all located at left lateral lobe, with a diameter less than 10 cm. Tumors were resected by laparoscopy under a combination of pneumoperitoneum and non-pneumoperitoneum,with hand assistance through a mini-incision. Several manoeures were used for the dissection of liver tissue,including microwave coagulation, ultrasonic dissection, tainium clips clamping, rotating suction, endogia ligation. Results The procedure was successful in all cases with the operation time ranging from 1.5 h to 6 h, and bleeding was 50 ml to 500 ml. The hospitalization time were from 5 d to 15 d. Conclusion Laparoscopic liver resection is safe and feasible for the left liver lateral lobe tumor when the diameter is less than 10 cm, and not involving surrounding organs. 2 refs.     

Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Hospital Emergency Admissions for Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in Beijing:a Time Series Study

Objective To investigate the association between ambient air pollution and hospital emergency admissions in Beijing.
Methods In this study, a semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAM) was used to evaluate the specific influences of air pollutants (PM10, SO2, and NO2) on hospital emergency admissions with different lag structures from 2009 to 2011, the sex and age specific influences of air pollution and the modifying effect of seasons on air pollution to analyze the possible interaction.
Results It was found that a 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration of PM10 at lag 03 day, SO2 and NO2 at lag 0 day were associated with an increase of 0.88%, 0.76%, and 1.82% respectively in overall emergency admissions. A 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration of PM10, SO2 and NO2 at lag 5 day were associated with an increase of 1.39%, 1.56%, and 1.18% respectively in cardiovascular disease emergency admissions. For lag 02, a 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were associated with 1.72%, 1.34%, and 2.57% increases respectively in respiratory disease emergency admissions.
Conclusion This study further confirmed that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with increased risk of hospital emergency admissions in Beijing.     

Serum SP1, HPL levels and urinary estrogen/creatinine ratio in the detection of low birth weight.

Serum pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen (HPL) and urinary estrogen/creatinine (E/C) ratio levels were determined to study their clinical significance in predicting low birth weight (LBW) in women with normal pregnancy and patients with LBW. The results showed that the sensitivity of urinary E/C ratio was better than that of serum SP1 and HPL, and was increased gradually with the reduction of fetal weight. The specificity in predicting LBW decreased gradually with the increase of serum SP1 and HPL levels and urinary E/C ratio. When serum SP1 level was less than 50 mg/L, HPL less than 2.0 mg/L, and E/C ratio less than 10, their specificity could increase over 90%. It is suggested that multi-indexes measurement would improve the accuracy for predicting LBW. We conclude that SP1, HPL and E/C ratio measurement could be an useful index for predicting LBW.

     

Nuclear morphometry and its prognostic significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

The five parameters including nuclear area (NA), nuclear perimeter (NP), nuclear diameter (ND), axis ratio and nuclear roundness were evaluated with MIAS200 Image Analysis System (Sichuan University, Chengdu) in 45 patients with laryngeal primary squamous cell carcinoma, which were confirmed pathologically and operated on from January 1977 to October 1987. The results showed that NA, NP and ND are important prognostic indicators. The survival rate in patients with large nuclei (NA greater than 73 microns2, NP greater than 32.5 microns, ND greater than 12 microns) was significantly lower than that in those with small nuclei (NA less than 73 microns2, NP less than 32.5 microns, ND less than 12 microns) (P less than 0.0025). These findings strongly suggest that patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with large nuclei should be treated more aggressively.

     

Anastomotic false aneurysm following abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy and prosthetic grafting.

Anastomotic false aneurysm (AFA) of the aorta is a potentially lethal complication after prosthetic grafting. Nineteen aneurysms were encountered in 18 patients within a 30-year period (1960-1991). There were 10 men and 8 women, aged 27?0 years (mean 58 years). In 14 patients, the prostheses were made of silk, in 2 were PTFE, and in 1 each Dacron or silk-Dacron cross-weaved. Patients with an intact AFA had a pulsatile abdominal mass, abdominal pain, an oc culuded graft and peripheral emboli. Five patients were asymptomatic. Clinical onset of AFA varied from 2 weeks to 12 years (mean 5 years). The accurate rate of diagnosis of single plane angiography was 75% (3 of 4), and computed tomography 100% (ten of ten). Ultrasound was used only once and suggested an AFA. Four AFAs were less than 5cm in diameter. Five patients refused operation and died in 2 years from rupture. Operative mortality was 11% (1 of 9). Treatment was resection of AFA and replacement with a new graft. Life-ong follow-p is required for p     

EDAP piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy for gallbladder stones.

EDAP piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy combined with oral ursodeoxycolic acid dissolution of stones was used to treat 1055 patients with gallbladder stones. 926 of them (87.8%) were followed up for more than 1 year. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I, 637 patients with functioning gallbladders containing one radiolucent stone less than or equal to 20 mm in diameter or 2 to 3 stones each less than or equal to 12 mm, and Group II: 289 patients with stones exceeding the above criteria. The stone fragmentation rate was 96.2% and 94.1% respectively in Group I and in Group II. Gallbladder stones disappeared in 18.5%, 35.0%, 46.2% and 52.4% of the patients in Group I in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment and 7.3%, 11.4%, 20.1%, and 27.7% in Group II. The treatment was more effective for solitary stones less than or equal to 20 mm in diameter. No serious complications were noted. The midterm curative effect was satisfactory. Further study is required to raise the curative effect and prevent stone recurrence.