超声引导下肋下前路腰方肌阻滞对后腹腔镜肾脏手术后镇痛效果的影响

目的观察和比较超声引导下肋下前路腰方肌阻滞(QLB)与低位胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)用于后腹腔镜肾脏手术后镇痛的效果。方法择期行后腹腔镜肾脏手术患者70例,男38例,女32例,年龄18～65岁,BMI 18～24 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为肋下前路QLB组(QLB组)和低位TPVB组(TPVB组),每组35例。QLB组行超声引导下患侧肋下前路QLB,TPVB组行超声引导下患侧T_(10)横突水平TPVB,两组分别注入0.33%罗哌卡因30 ml,注药后20 min测定感觉阻滞平面。两组术后行羟考酮PCIA。记录术后0～24 h和24～48 h镇痛泵用量、有效按压次数、总按压次数;记录术后2、6、12、24、36、48 h静息时和运动时的NRS评分;记录术后48 h内补救镇痛和低血压、肌力减退、恶心呕吐、嗜睡等不良反应发生情况。结果 QLB组阻滞平面为T_5—L_2,TPVB组为T_5—T_(12)。QLB组术后0～24 h和24～48 h镇痛泵用量明显低于TPVB组(P0.05),有效按压次数和总按压次数明显少于TPVB组(P0.05),术后12、24、36、48 h运动时NRS评分明显低于TPVB组(P0.05),术后48 h内补救镇痛、恶心呕吐和嗜睡发生率明显低于TPVB组(P0.05)。两组低血压和肌力减退发生率差异无统计学意义。结论与低位TPVB比较,超声引导下肋下前路QLB联合羟考酮PCIA在后腹腔镜肾脏手术后镇痛的效果更显著,持续作用时间更长,不良反应更少。     

连续前锯肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者术后肺氧合功能的影响

目的比较连续前锯肌平面阻滞(SAPB)和静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)两种镇痛方式在胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者术后减少肺部并发症、改善肺氧合功能方面的有效性。方法择期行胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者126例,年龄18～70岁,BMI 18.5～30.0 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ–Ⅲ级,随机分为两组:连续SAPB组(S组)和PCIA组(P组),每组63例。术毕S组行超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞,注入0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml,留置导管予0.2%罗哌卡因行自控镇痛;P组行舒芬太尼常规PCIA。麻醉诱导前(T_0)、术毕即刻(T_1)、拔管后2 h(T_2)、拔管后6 h(T_3)、拔管后24 h(T_4)抽取桡动脉血记录PaO_2并计算氧合指数(OI)。记录T_2—T_4时静态和活动VAS评分,并记录肺部并发症发生情况。结果与T_0时比较,T_2、T_3时两组OI明显降低,且P组明显低于S组(P0.05)。T_2—T_4时S组VAS评分明显低于P组(P0.05),但两组补救镇痛例数差异无统计学意义。与P组比较,S组低氧血症、肺不张、恶心、呕吐的发生率明显降低(P0.05)。结论连续SAPB较PCIA能够改善胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者肺氧合功能。     

超声引导下腰方肌阻滞对经腹直肠癌根治术后镇痛效果的影响

目的探讨超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)在经腹直肠癌根治术后的镇痛效果。方法选择2016年2月至2017年3月在我院择期行经腹直肠癌根治术患者60例,男36例,女24例,年龄30~70岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法随机分为全麻联合QLB组(QLB组)和单纯全麻组(C组),每组30例。QLB组患者于全麻诱导后手术前行超声引导下双侧QLB,每侧给予0.375%罗哌卡因20ml,C组行单纯全麻。观察两组患者切皮前即刻、切皮后5min的SBP、DBP和HR,计算并记录其差值(切皮后-切皮前);记录术中芬太尼用量、术后镇痛泵首次按压时间、舒芬太尼用量、补救性镇痛次数、首次下床活动时间和术后镇痛满意度。结果 QLB组切皮前即刻、切皮后5min SBP、DBP和HR差值均明显小于C组(P0.05);术中芬太尼用量明显少于C组(P0.05);镇痛泵首次按压时间明显晚于C组(P0.05);术后0~12h、12~24h的舒芬太尼用量明显少于C组(P0.05);补救性镇痛发生率明显低于C组(P0.05);首次下床时间明显早于C组(P0.05);术后镇痛满意度明显高于C组(P0.05)。结论全麻联合0.375%罗哌卡因行双侧腰方肌阻滞可明显减少经腹直肠癌根治术患者术后阿片类药物用量,患者术后下地时间明显提前,术后镇痛效果满意,提高患者的舒适度。     

超声引导下腰方肌阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年髋关节术后镇痛的比较

目的比较腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)和髂筋膜间隙阻滞(fasciailiaca compartment block,FICB)在老年髋关节置换术的镇痛效果。方法选择择期拟行腰麻下全髋关节置换术的老年患者55例,男22例,女33例,年龄65～85岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为QLB组(n=28)和FICB组(n=27)。术后分别于超声引导下行QLB和FICB,予0.375%罗哌卡因30ml。所有患者术后行舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛。记录术后6、12、24、48h镇痛泵按压次数及舒芬太尼用量;记录静息及运动时VAS疼痛评分;记录术后恶心呕吐、眩晕等不良反应情况。结果术后12、24、48h QLB组镇痛泵按压次数及舒芬太尼用量明显少于FICB组(P0.05);术后12、24、48hQLB组运动时VAS评分明显低于FICB组(P0.05),两组不同时点静息时VAS评分差异无统计学意义;QLB组恶心呕吐发生率明显低于FICB组[2(7.1%)vs 9(33.3%),P0.05]。结论腰方肌阻滞较髂筋膜间隙阻滞更能明显减轻髋关节置换术后活动痛,减少阿片类药物的使用及不良反应发生率。     

超声引导下腰方肌阻滞对腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术后镇痛效果的影响

目的探讨超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)对腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术后镇痛效果的影响。方法选择在我院行全麻腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术病人60例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法随机分为两组:全麻联合QLB组(QLB组)和单纯全麻组(C组),每组30例。QLB组病人于全麻诱导后手术开始前行超声引导下术侧QLB,给予0.4%罗哌卡因25 ml;C组单纯全麻。观察记录术中舒芬太尼用量、术后不同时间点视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scores,VAS)、术后镇痛泵首次按压时间、术后舒芬太尼总用量、补救性镇痛次数、恶心呕吐发生情况和病人镇痛满意度。结果 C组术中舒芬太尼用量为(32.8±3.6)μg、术后2、4、6、8、12、24 h VAS评分分别为2.1±0.9,2.8±0.9,3.6±0.8,3.0±1.2,3.0±1.5,2.9±1.2;镇痛泵首次按压时间(56.6±14.9)min,术后镇痛舒芬太尼总用量(61.9±22.9)μg,补救性镇痛发生次数12例,恶心呕吐发生例数10例,病人术后镇痛满意度(6.9±1.4)分,QLB组分别为(27.3±5.2)μg,1.4±0.7,1.6±0.6,1.6±0.6,2.0±0.7,2.1±1.0,2.1±1.1,(684.3±162.7)min,(16.2±6.6)μg,5例,3例,7.7±1.3,两组比较差异均有统计学意义P0.05)结论 QLB可减少腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术中及术后阿片类药物用量,改善术后镇痛效果,提高病人满意度。     

超声引导下低位前锯肌平面阻滞对上腹部手术患者术后镇痛及炎症反应的影响

目的评价超声引导下低位前锯肌平面阻滞(SAPB)对上腹部手术患者术后镇痛及炎症反应的影响。方法择期上腹部手术患者120例,男69例,女51例,年龄18~65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为三组:对照组(C组,n=39),不行神经阻滞;常规SAPB组(SAPB组,n=40),全麻诱导前超声引导下双侧腋中线第5肋水平前锯肌平面阻滞;低位SAPB组(SSPB组,n=40),全麻诱导前超声引导下双侧腋中线第8肋水平前锯肌平面阻滞。三组均采用全麻气管插管,术中静-吸复合麻醉维持,术毕行舒芬太尼PCIA。术后48 h内VAS疼痛评分≥4分时,静脉注射舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg补救镇痛,记录术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量、镇痛泵按压次数及补救镇痛例数。于麻醉前、术后4、24、48 h采集静脉血,采用ELLSA法检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-1、IL-6、IL-10浓度。记录术后48 h内恶心、呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果SSPB组术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量、镇痛泵按压次数明显少于C组,补救镇痛率和不良反应发生率明显低于C组(P<0.05)。术后4、24、48 h SSPB组血清IL-1及IL-6浓度明显低于C组,IL-10浓度明显高于C组(P<0.05)。C组、SAPB组术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量、镇痛泵按压次数、补救镇痛率、术后不同时点血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-10浓度差异无统计学意义。结论超声引导下低位前锯肌平面阻滞用于上腹部手术患者术后镇痛效果优于常规前锯肌平面阻滞,减轻炎症反应且不良反应少。     

超声引导下经弓状韧带上或前路腰方肌阻滞在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的比较

目的 探讨超声引导下经弓状韧带上入路或前路腰方肌阻滞（QLB）在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的镇痛效果。
方法 择期行腹腔镜全子宫切除术的患者38例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 16～29 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级。随机分为经前路QLB组（C组）和经弓状韧带上QLB组（E组）,每组19例。麻醉诱导前在超声引导下C组行双侧前路QLB,E组行弓状韧带上QLB,每侧给予0.3%罗哌卡因20 ml。记录术后住院时间、阻滞操作时间、阻滞后起效时间,测定阻滞后5、10、20、30 min的阻滞平面和术中瑞芬太尼和麻黄碱用量。记录术后2、6、12、24、48 h的VAS疼痛评分和补救镇痛,局麻药中毒、血肿、严重低血压、内脏损伤、肌力下降等神经阻滞并发症和恶心呕吐等不良反应。
结果 两组术后住院时间、阻滞操作时间差异无统计学意义。E组阻滞起效时间明显短于C组（P<0.05）。阻滞后5、10、20、30 min E组阻滞平面节段数量明显多于C组（P<0.05）。术后2、6、12 h E组静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显低于C组（P＜0.05）。两组均无补救镇痛,术中瑞芬太尼、麻黄碱用量,局麻药中毒、血肿、严重低血压、内脏损伤、肌力下降等神经阻滞并发症和恶心呕吐等不良反应差异无统计学意义。
结论 在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中经弓状韧带上腰方肌阻滞较传统前路腰方肌阻滞起效更快,阻滞平面更广,术后12 h镇痛效果更好。     

前锯肌平面阻滞在胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的镇痛及创伤反应

目的 将前锯肌平面阻滞（SAPB）、胸椎旁神经阻滞（TPVB）用于胸腔镜肺叶切除术中,探讨其对术中镇痛及创伤反应的影响。方法 取2020年5月至2023年5月收治的116例行胸腔镜肺叶切除术的患者,对其行回顾性分析,根据麻醉不同分组,各组58例,实施SAPB的为S组,实施TPVB为T组,对两组镇痛结果进行分析。结果 两组术后4 h、8 h、48 h各时段VAS评分相比,无显著差异（P>0.05）,S组术后12 h、24 h的VAS评分较对照度低（P<0.05）;两组麻醉诱导前IL-6、IL-10水平无显著差异（P>0.05）,两组术后24 h、48 h时IL-6、IL-10水平先升高之后逐渐降低,S组术后24 h、48 h的IL-6水平低于T组、IL-10水平高于T组（P<0.05）;S组神经阻滞操作时间、起效时间、持续时间均较T组短（P<0.05）;S组首次按压PCIA时间较T组短、48 h内PCIA有效按压次数及舒芬太尼用量较T组少（P<0.05）。结论SAPB、TPVB用于胸腔镜肺叶切除术中均可获得较好镇痛效果,均能减轻围术期炎症反应,但SAP...     

超声引导下腰方肌阻滞对剖宫产术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)对剖宫产术后镇痛效果的影响。方法择期行剖宫产产妇60例,年龄20～40岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:QLB组(Q组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。Q组术毕在超声引导下行双侧QLB,每侧注射0.33%罗哌卡因20ml,C组不阻滞。两组术毕均行PCIA,镇痛泵药液配方为曲马多800mg、奈福泮40mg,用生理盐水配成80ml。记录术后4、8、12、24、48h曲马多累计消耗量以及静息、咳嗽、翻身NRS评分、BCS舒适度评分;术后4、8、12、24、48h测定QLB的阻滞平面;记录总体镇痛满意度评分以及术后不良反应的发生情况。结果与C组比较,Q组术后4、8、12、24、48h曲马多累计消耗量明显减少、静息NRS评分明显降低、BCS舒适度评分明显升高,术后12、24h咳嗽NRS评分以及术后4、48h翻身NRS评分明显降低(P0.05);术后4、8、12hQLB的阻滞平面主要为T7—L1,阻滞的节段数为7,术后24hQLB的阻滞平面主要为T8—L1,阻滞的节段数为6,术后48hQLB的阻滞平面消退;Q组总体镇痛满意度明显高于C组(P0.05);两组术后恶心呕吐、头晕的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论超声引导下QLB能够明显减少剖宫产术后曲马多用量,降低术后疼痛评分,提高产妇术后舒适度和满意度。     

腰方肌阻滞对老年患者腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后谵妄的影响

目的探讨腰方肌阻滞对老年患者腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后谵妄的影响。方法选择本院择期拟行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的老年患者240例,男148例,女92例,年龄65~80岁,体重45~85kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:腰方肌阻滞联合全麻组(Q组)和单纯全麻组(G组),每组120例。Q组于全麻诱导后手术前行超声引导下双侧腰方肌阻滞,每侧给予0.375%罗哌卡因20ml,G组行单纯全麻。所有患者术前1d采用简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)评估患者基础认知状态。术中记录手术时间、术中失血量、术中输液量、瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚消耗量、术中输血和使用阿托品的患者例数。术后记录PCIA有效按压次数,使用意识紊乱测试法评估患者是否发生谵妄。记录术后恶心呕吐(PONV)、苏醒期躁动,苏醒延迟及呼吸抑制等不良事件的发生情况。结果两组患者术前1dMMSE评分、手术时间、术中失血量、术中输液量、术中输血和使用阿托品的患者例数差异无统计学意义。与G组比较,Q组术中瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚消耗量明显减少(P0.05),术后0~6h、6~12h和12~24h时段PCIA有效按压次数明显减少(P0.05),术后2、3d发生谵妄明显减少(P0.05),PONV发生例数明显减少(P0.05)。Q组无一例患者出现苏醒期躁动、苏醒延迟和呼吸抑制。结论腰方肌阻滞联合全麻可明显减少老年患者腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后全麻药物用量,术后镇痛效果满意,并减少老年患者术后谵妄的发生。     

Thoracic paravertebral block versus pectoral nerve block for analgesia after breast surgery

BackgroundPectoral nerve block (Pecs) is a novel interfascial plane block which can provide analgesia after breast surgery while paravertebral block (PVB) is widely used for this purpose. We evaluated the difference between the two techniques in regard to morphine consumption and analgesic efficacy after modified radical mastectomy (MRM).MethodsSixty patients undergoing elective MRM were randomly allocated into either PVB with 15–20 ml of levobupivacaine 0.25% at the level of fourth thoracic vertebra or Pecs block with 10 ml of levobupivacaine 0.25% injected inbetween pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscle and another 20 ml levobubivacaine 0.25% inbetween pectorlis minor and serratus anterior muscle. Primary outcome measure was morphine consumption in the first 24 h while secondary outcome measures included pain scores, intraoperative fentanyl consumption as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).ResultsPostoperative morphine consumed at 24 h was significantly lower in Pecs group [21 (20–25) mg] than in PVB group [28 (22–31) mg], (p = 0.002). Time for first request of morphine was longer in Pecs group [175 (155–220) min] than in PVB group [137.5 (115–165) min], (p < 0.001). Numerical rating score (NRS) at rest was lower in Pecs group compared with PVB group at 1 h, 6 h and 12 h (p < 0.001) but at 18 h and 24 h it was lower in PVB group compared with Pecs group (p = 0.008 and <0.001 respectively). During movement, NRS was significantly lower at 1st hour in Pecs group (p < 0.001) while at 18 h and 24 h it was significantly lower in PVB group (p < 0.001). PONV was comparable between both groups.ConclusionPecs block reduced postoperative morphine consumption in the first 24 and pain scores in the first 12 h in comparison with PVB after mastectomy.     

Pneumocephalus during continuous epidural block

We report a case of pneumocephalus during continuous epidural infusion. A 52-year-old malnourished man with rectal cancer had been treated with continuous epidural block for the relief of pain in the left thigh. Eleven days after catheter insertion, a dull, persistent headache occurred in the frontal region, and it worsened gradually. It was precipitated by any head motion and was not relieved by the supine position. A head computed tomography (CT) scan taken 3 days after the onset of the headache revealed about 15 ml of intracranial air and backward compression of the brain. The catheter was removed and the patient maintained bed-rest. The headache disappeared 2 days later. It is speculated that the air was sucked in through the space along the epidural catheter.     

Infraclavicular brachial plexus block effects on respiratory function and extent of the block

Background and Objectives. Axillary block is devoid of severe respiratory complications. However, incomplete anesthesia of the upper limb is the main disadvantage of the technique. Theoretically, the more proximal infraclavicular approach would produce a more extensive block without the risk of pneumothorax. However, neither its effects on respiratory function nor a detailed characterization of the extent of neural block has been assessed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in respiratory function and also the extent of the block after infraclavicular block. Methods. We performed an infraclavicular block with a mixture of 40 mL 1.5% plain mepivacaine and 4 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate in 20 patients. Forced expiratory volumes were measured before and 15 minutes after the injection of local anesthetic, and sensory and motor block were evaluated at 10 and 20 minutes. Results. We did not find significant differences from baseline in the forced expiratory volumes in any of the patients. Axillary and musculocutaneous nerve distributions had the lowest rate of sensory block at 20 minutes. Conclusions. Infraclavicular block does not produce a reduction in respiratory function.     

超声引导下三点阻滞与椎旁阻滞用于剖腹肝胆手术术后镇痛的比较

目的观察术前给予超声引导下三点法阻滞(低位前锯肌阻滞、肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞和腹直肌后鞘阻滞)或单侧胸椎旁阻滞对肝胆手术患者术后镇痛及相关围术期转归的影响。方法选择择期右上腹部切口行肝胆手术的患者95例,男69例,女26例,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为三点组(n=48)和椎旁组(n=47)。三点组患者入室后采用0.375%罗哌卡因行超声引导下低位前锯肌阻滞(10 ml)、肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞(15 ml)复合腹直肌后鞘阻滞(15 ml),椎旁组采用0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml行超声引导下T_(7-9)椎旁阻滞。记录术后24 h舒芬太尼用量;记录切皮前、切皮后1和5 min时HR和SBP的变化、麻醉后恢复室内和术后24 h VAS疼痛评分,以及患者过敏、局麻药中毒、穿刺损伤等不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者术后24 h内舒芬太尼用量差异无统计学意义[(0.98±0.33)μg/kg vs (0.95±0.28)μg/kg]。患者麻醉后恢复室内和术后24 h VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。椎旁组术中低血压发生率31例(66.0%) vs 11例(22.9%)和去甲肾上腺素用量[(3.5±1.6)μg/kg vs (1.2±0.4)μg/kg]明显高于三点组(P0.01)。两组患者均未见过敏、局麻药中毒、穿刺损伤等不良反应。结论低位前锯肌阻滞、肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞、腹直肌后鞘阻滞三点阻滞复合可以产生与单侧椎旁阻滞相当的术中和术后镇痛作用,而且前者的低血压发生率明显低于椎旁阻滞,是一种可供临床选择的上腹部神经阻滞方式。     

Dorsal penile nerve block

BACKGROUND: The dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) is a common form of regional anaesthesia for circumcisions in children. The safety of this block has been questioned following several case reports of potentially serious complications. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all the incidents related to the conduct of this block in our institution over a period of 53 months. RESULTS: A total of 3909 circumcisions were performed under DPNB and nine incidents were recorded. This included two cases of bleeding from the prepuce, two urethral injuries, three haematomas and two drug errors. Two cases required further surgical intervention but all of the patients recovered with no apparent long-term sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: We feel that the DPNB is a safe technique for circumcisions in infants and children.     

Ultrasound-guided ankle block. History revisited

Following forefoot surgery, compared to the traditional multimodal approach, regional anesthesia and analgesia provides high quality pain relief, decreases opioids consumption and leads to very high satisfaction scores. Traditional regional techniques relied either on wound infiltration, landmark technique ankle blocks or popliteal sciatic nerve block. Numerous anatomic variations of the different nerves might lead to failure following a blind technique.The current evolution towards ambulatory care will push surgical teams to favor techniques that simplify postoperative treatment and encourages immediate ambulation.The development of Ultrasound Guided Blocks has enabled us to perform very selective and precise nerve blocks.Ankle blocks provide excellent intraoperative anesthesia as well as long postoperative pain relief. Complications are rare using regional anesthesia for postoperative analgesia even after extensive foot surgery.Revival of ankle blocks is a perfect example of the high impact of new technological advances in improving ambulatory surgical care after foot surgery.     

股神经阻滞与收肌管阻滞在前交叉韧带重建术后镇痛效果的Meta分析

目的 比较股神经阻滞（FNB）与收肌管阻滞（ACB）用于前交叉韧带重建（ACLR）术后镇痛效果。
方法 检索Pubmed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Cochrane Controlled Trials Register、万方、知网、维普数据库,检索时间为建库至2021年3月,收集股神经阻滞（FNB组）与收肌管阻滞（ACB组）用于ACLR术后镇痛效果比较的随机对照试验（RCT）,按照Cochrane手册选择文献、提取资料、对纳入文献的方法学质量进行评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。
结果 共纳入9篇发表于2014—2021年的RCT研究,共计患者719例,FNB组359例,ACB组360例。FNB组和ACB组术后0～3、6、12、24、48 h疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。FNB组与ACB组术后24、48 h阿片类药物用量、患者满意度差异无统计学意义。5篇文献认为ACB组能更好地保留患者股四头肌肌力,3篇文献认为ACB组与FNB组患者术后股四头肌肌力差异无统计学意义。
结论 ACB与FNB在ACLR术后疼痛评分、阿片类药物用量、患者满意度方面无显著差异,ACB在保留患者股四头肌肌力方面可能更具优势,但还需后续更多研究进一步验证。