1019例脑梗死OCSP分型及其与预后关系的研究

目的 了解脑梗死患者OCSP 临床分型的构成及不同亚型与预后及复发的关系.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究,登记2007年1月～2008年5月环湖医院神经内科确诊的1019例脑梗死患者,按照OCSP标准分型分为TACI、PACI、POCI和LACI,并进行随访,分析各亚型与预后及复发的关系.结果 OCSP各亚型构成比分别为:TACI占4.3%、PACI占54.2%、POCI占29.4%、LACI占12.1%,分型与预后明显相关,TACI的预后最差,POCI和LACI预后相对较好,PAC1次之.复发与分型有明显相关.结论 OCSP分型作为一种脑梗死临床分型方法,可以为脑梗死的预后判断提供参考依据.     

急性脑梗死不同临床亚型患者血清髓鞘碱性蛋白的变化

目的 观察不同临床类型急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)水平变化,探讨MBP与美国国立卫生研究所卒中量表(NIHSS)评分之间的关系.方法 208例ACI患者按照牛津郡社区卒中计划(OCSP)分型标准分为4组并行NIHSS评分,采用ELISA法检测血清MBP的含量;观察不同亚型ACI患者MBP含量的变化,分析MBP与NIHSS评分的相关性.结果 (1)本组OCSP各亚型构成比:完全前循环型(TACI) 13.46％、部分前循环型(PACI)30.29％、后循环型(POCI) 19.71％、腔隙性梗死型(LACI)36.54％;(2)OCSP分型中TACI、PACI及POCI亚型MBP含量升高,LACI变化不明显.与LACI比较,TACI、PACI及POCI有显著性差异(P＜0.05);(3)TACI、PACI中血清MBP含量与相应时间段NIHSS评分具有有相关性,相关系数为0.62、0.60 (P＜0.05);POCI和LACI中MBP与NIHSS之间相关性较差.结论 MBP随OCSP亚型的不同而变化.TACI、PACI、POCI亚型的缺血性卒中患者血清MBP可以作为病情、预后判断的一个参考依据.     

OCSP分型与脑梗死急性期神经功能缺损和预后的相关性研究

目的研究脑梗死急性期OCSP分型与神经功能缺损和预后的关系.方法连续收集首次发病的急性脑梗死(发病时间在10 d以内)患者160例,按OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死(TACI)、部分前循环梗死(PACI)、腔隙性脑梗死(LACI)、后循环梗死(POCI),比较斯堪的纳维亚神经功能缺损评分,入组后30 d、6个月的患者病死率、脑卒中复发率(包括缺血性和出血性)和日常生活能力.结果急性期神经功能缺损以TACI最重,POCI、PACI次之,LACI最轻,入组后30 d的患者病死率为TACI＞POCI＞PACI＞LACI,6个月时病死率仍然是TACI＞POCI＞PACI＞LACI,而6个月内脑卒中复发率是PACI＞POCI＞LACI＞TACI,存活6个月者残疾程度TACI最重(重度依赖),其余3个亚型均为轻度依赖.结论脑梗死急性期不同OCSP分型之间的脑梗死患者急性期神经功能缺损、30 d及6月时预后存在差异,不同的OCSP分型可以反映脑梗死急性期神经功能缺损的严重程度和预后,OCSP分型有利于脑梗死急性期治疗和康复方法的选择.     

脑梗死早期康复对OCSP各亚型NIHSS评分的影响

目的探讨早期康复对脑梗死OCSP分型中各亚型NIHSS评分的影响。方法将251例急性脑梗死患者入院后按OCSP分型标准分为完全前循环梗死型(TACI)、部分前循环梗死型(PACI)、后循环梗死型(POCI)和腔隙性梗死型(LACI)4型。每型随机分为康复组和对照组,康复组在综合治疗的基础上给予早期康复干预,康复组患者均在康复前、康复治疗1个月和3个月时(对照组在相应时间点)采用NIHSS评分进行神经功能评定。比较各型中康复组和对照组NIHSS评分。结果按脑梗死OCSP分型,TACI型、PACI型和POCI型中康复组NIHSS评分较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LACI型中康复组NIHSS评分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论按脑梗死OCSP分型,早期康复治疗可改善PACI亚型、POCI亚型和TACI亚型1~3个月的预后,对LACI亚型预后改善不明显,早期康复治疗应针对不同的脑梗死患者实施。     

OCSP分型对脑梗死患者NHISS BI rankin评分及预后的相关性分析

目的探讨脑梗死OCSP分型构成比,分析各亚型神经功能缺损评分（中国）、NHISS、BI、rankin评分之间的差异及相关性。方法回顾分析2008-2012年我院426例脑梗死住院患者,按照OCSP分型标准分为4大类型：完全前循环梗死（TACI）、部分前循环梗死（PACI）、后循环梗死（POCI）、腔隙性梗死（LACI）,3个月后随访,应用Barthel指数（BI）和改良Rankin量表评分（MRS）评估日常生活能力和残疾程度,比较各型之间神经功能缺损评分（中国）、NHISS评分、BI及rankin的差异,进行相关性分析。结果 （1）OCSP分型的各亚型中,LACI分型所占比率最多,POCI比例最小,入院时NHISS评分较高,说明神经损伤较重,LACI评分最低。（2）TACI 3个月BI指数最低,表明日常生活能力恢复较差,rankin评分最高,为重度依赖;LACI各项指标较好,预后最好。结论急性脑梗死患者早期进行临床分型,并应用NHISS、BI及rankin评定,有助于合理评估病情,早期采取正确的治疗及对疾病的预后有着重要的指导意义。     

急性脑梗死患者临床分型及梗死面积与心电图改变的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者临床分型和梗死面积与心电图(ECG)改变的关系.方法 给216例急性脑梗死患者进行ECG检查,按牛津郡社区卒中项目(OCSP)分型和梗死面积分型,对各组患者的ECG检查结果进行分析比较.结果 OCSP分型完全前循环梗死(TACI)组、部分前循环梗死(PACI)组、后循环梗死(POCI)组和腔隙性梗死(LACI)组患者的ECG异常率分别是: 95. 5%、80.4%、62.5%和48.5%,TACI组和PACI组明显高于LACI组(P＜0.05～0.01);大中面积梗死组(83.7%)的ECG异常率明显高于小面积梗死组(60.4%)和腔隙性梗死组(53.2%)(P＜0.05～0.01);小面积梗死组的ECG异常率高于腔隙性梗死组(P＜0.05).OCSP和梗死面积分型各亚型组出现ST-T改变和心律失常的比率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 急性脑梗死临床分型病情重和梗死面积大的患者ECG异常率高.     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与急性脑梗死TOAST分型和OCSP分型的关系研究

目的通过分析血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)与急性脑梗死不同分型方法各亚型之间的关系,了解Hcy与脑梗死发病及疾病严重程度之间的关系。方法将急性脑梗死患者分别进行TOAST分型和OC-SP分型并进行神经功能缺损评分,测定患者的血浆Hcy水平,各亚型Hcy之间进行统计学分析。结果共有198例急性脑梗死患者入组,其中男114例(57.6%),女84例(42.4%),平均年龄73.67±11.91岁。TOAST分型中,LAA型及CE型患者NIHSS评分较SAO型及SUE型高,LAA亚型患者Hcy水平显著高于其他亚型,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OCSP分型中TACI型患者NIHSS评分较其他型显著增高,PACI及POCI次之,LACI型患者NIHSS评分最低,OCSP分型中各亚型Hcy水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 TOAST分型中LAA型患者Hcy水平高于其他亚型;而OCSP分型中各亚型Hcy之间无明显差异,从而推断,Hcy可能与动脉粥样硬化特别是大动脉粥样硬化形成密切相关,而与脑梗死部位及严重程度可能无关。     

不同脑梗死亚型患者血清Fractalkine浓度的差异

目的：探讨不同牛津郡社区卒中项目（OCSP）亚型急性脑梗死患者血清Fractalkine（FKN）浓度的变化。方法：45例急性脑梗死患者按OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死（TACI）组、部分前循环梗死（PACI）组、后循环梗死（POCI）组和腔隙性梗死（LACI）组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测发病1～3d、7d、14d和28d时血清FKN浓度，比较各组间的差异。分析FKN浓度与相应时间点美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分和3个月时Barthel指数（BI）的相关性。结果：各种亚型急性脑梗死患者血清FKN浓度均升高，TACI组最为显著；在不同时间点，血清FKN浓度变化大致为TACI〉PACI〉LACI〉POCI，与相应时间点NIHSS评分呈正相关，与3个月时BI呈负相关。结论：血清FKN浓度的变化可能提示急性脑梗死各OCSP亚型患者炎症损伤的差异，并影响神经功能缺损程度和患者3个月时的转归。     

丁苯酞注射液对急性脑梗死不同OCSP分型的疗效及对Hs-CRP、FIB水平的影响

目的探讨丁苯酞注射液用于治疗不同OCSP分型的急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效及对Hs-CRP、FIB的影响。方法收集本院收治的急性脑梗死患者248例,随机分为对照组113例,观察组135例,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用丁苯酞注射液,所有患者入院时均进行OCSP分型,同时在入院时、2 w进行NIHSS评分、Hs-CRP测定、FIB测定,比较两组患者总体及不同亚型的疗效及Hs-CRP、FIB的变化。结果治疗2 w,观察组NIHSS评分、Hs-CRP、FIB水平较对照组明显降低(P 0.05),观察组的总体有效率高于对照组(P 0.05);不同OCSP分型中,完全前循环脑梗死型(TACI)、部分前循环脑梗死型(PACI)、后循环脑梗死型(POCI)、腔隙性脑梗死型(LACI) NIHSS评分、FIB水平观察组均较对照组降低,各个亚组观察组与对照组疗效比较,TACI、POCI组疗效观察组优于对照组(P 0.05),而PACI、LACI组观察组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05); NIHSS评分与Hs-CRP、FIB均呈正相关。结论丁苯酞注射液治疗不同OCSP分型的急性脑梗死均具有较好的疗效,同时可有效降低炎症反应,其中丁苯酞治疗TACI、POCI的疗效更显著,其机制可能是通过降低炎症反应而达到治疗疗效。     

脑梗死急性期OCSP分型的效度评价

目的　评价脑梗死急性期OCSP分型的真实性。方法　 1名神经科医生将连续就医、首次发生的急性脑梗死患者 14 3例按 0CSP分型法分型 ,然后与脑CT/MR结果盲法比较分型的准确性。结果　分型总正确率70 6 % (10 1/ 14 3) ,敏感度 :TACI 76 % (95 %CI:5 8%～ 94 % ) ,PACI 85 % (95 %CI:74 %～ 96 % ) ,LACI 6 0 % (95 %CI:4 8%～ 72 % ) ,POCI 73% (95 %CI:5 1%～ 95 % ) ;特异度 :TACI 98% (95 %CI:95 %～ 10 1% ) ,PACI 70 % (95 %CI:6 1%～79% ) ,LACI 93% (95 %CI:87%～ 99% ) ,POCI 96 % (95 %CI:92 6 %～ 99 4 % ) ;阳性预测值TACI 89% (95 %CI:75 %～10 3% ) ,PACI 5 2 % (95 %CI:4 0 %～ 6 4 % ) ,LACI89% (95 %CI:80 %～ 98% ) ,POCI73% (95 %CI :5 1%～ 95 % ) ;阴性预测值TACI 96 % (95 %CI:93%～ 99% ) ,PACI92 % (95 %CI:86 %～ 98% ) ,LACI72 % (95 %CI :6 3%～ 81% ) ,POCI96 % (95 %CI:92 6 %～ 99 4 % )。结论　脑梗死急性期OCSP分型的效度较好 ,神经体征变动和评价时间是影响分型准确性的主要因素。     

Intracranial large artery disease among OCSP subtypes in ethnic South Asian ischemic stroke patients

The site of vascular stenosis correlates well with the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification among Caucasians, but not among ethnic Chinese patients. We prospectively studied 205 consecutive ethnic South Asian ischemic stroke patients to investigate the prevalence of intracranial large artery disease determined by transcranial color-coded doppler and magnetic resonance angiography among OCSP subtypes. The distribution of OCSP subtypes was 7% total anterior circulation infarction (TACI), 17% partial anterior circulation infarction (PACI), 14% posterior circulation infarction (POCI) and 62% lacunar infarction (LACI). Significant intracranial large artery disease was common among all OCSP subtypes; 79% with TACI, 47% PACI, 65% POCI and 44% LACI. This is similar to ethnic Chinese data and is likely due to the predominance of intracranial disease over extracranial disease. Clinical axioms using OSCP subtypes based on Caucasian data may be misleading if applied to ethnic South Asians.     

Risk factors and outcome of subtypes of ischemic stroke. Data from a multicenter multinational hospital-based registry. The European Community Stroke Project

BACKGROUND: Information on determinants and prognosis of ischemic stroke subtypes is scarce. We aimed at evaluating risk factors, pathogenesis, treatment and outcome of different ischemic stroke subtypes. METHODS: In a European Concerted Action involving seven countries, ischemic stroke subtypes defined according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) were evaluated for demographics, baseline risk factors, resource use, 3-month survival, disability (Barthel Index) and handicap (Rankin Scale). RESULTS: During the 12-month study period, cerebral infarction was diagnosed in 2740 patients with first-in-a-lifetime stroke (mean age 70.5+/-12.4 years, 53.4% males). OCSP classification was achieved in 2472 (90.2%). Of these, 26.7% were total anterior circulation infarctions (TACI), 29.9% partial anterior circulation infarctions (PACI), 16.7% posterior circulation infarctions (POCI) and 26.7% lacunar infarctions (LACI). In multivariate analysis, atrial fibrillation was predictive of TACI (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.28-2.03), hypertension (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.65) and myocardial infarction (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08-1.86) predictive of PACI, hypertension (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50) predictive of LACI. A negative association was observed between TACI and hypertension (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.42-0.61). Discharge home was 50% less probable in TACI and PACI than in LACI patients. As compared to LACI, TACI significantly increased the risk of 3-month death (OR, 5.73; 95% CI, 3.91-8.41), disability (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.30-4.66) and handicap (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.91-3.85). CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic stroke subtypes have different risk factors profile, with consequences on pathogenesis and prognosis. Information on determinants of the clinical syndromes may impact on prevention and acute-phase interventions.     

急性脑梗死症状学、影像学及病因学分类之间的关系研究

目的：探讨急性脑梗死症状学、影像学及病因学分类之间的关系。方法：对125例起病48小时内的急性脑梗死患者进行3步骤分类诊断，第一步为症状学分类：(1)完全前循环梗死(TACI)；(2)部分前循环梗死(PACI)；(3)腔隙性梗死(LACI)；(4)后循环梗死(POCI)。第二步为影像学分类：(1)前循环皮质梗死或纹状体内囊区梗死(C0)；(2)低灌流梗死(LFI)；(3)深穿技区的皮质下小梗死(SSI)；(4)除SSI以外的后循环梗死(PCI)；(5)无异常发现(N0)。第三步为病因学分类：(1)大动脉粥样硬化(LAA)；(2)心源性栓塞(CE)；(3)小动脉病(SAD)；(4)其它病因、病因不明或混合性病因。结果：在症状学分类诊断为TACI、PACI和POCI的患者中，CT或MRI所示病灶与其临床症状的对应性良好，但只有67．3％的LACI影像学分类为SSI。大多数TACI患者是由CE造成的。在PACI患者中，CE和LAA的数量相同。只有57．7％的LACI患者被划分为SAD，而28．8％被划分为LAA。用LACI和SSI来预测SAD的阳性预测率较高(78％)。POCI的病因诊断多种多样。结论：除LACI以外，症状学分类与影像学分类的对应性良好，用症状学分类可预测TACI和PACI患者的病因分类，但难以预测POCI患者的病因分类。不少的LACI是由LAA造成的。     

血清缺血修饰清蛋白与急性脑梗死的相关性研究

目的探讨血清缺血修饰清蛋白与急性缺血性脑卒中各亚型及患者早期预后的相关性。方法选取我院2013-04-2016-03收治的符合研究标准的104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究组,另选取同期门诊体检健康者54例为对照组。根据英国牛津郡社区脑卒中分型(OCSP)标准将104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为腔隙性梗死(LACI)组(n=25)、后循环梗死(POCI)组(n=25)、部分前循环梗死(PACI)组(n=28)、完全前循环梗死(TACI)组(n=26)。抽取各组血清进行检测,对比不同亚型急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平,并与对照组比较,统计不同亚型急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗前后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及日常生活活动能力评分(Barthel指数)变化情况。结果 LACI组、POCI组、PACI组、TACI组血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TACI组血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平明显高于LACI组、POCI组、PACI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前各组NIHSS评分及Barthel指数对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后各组均较治疗前改善,且TACI组与其余3组对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清缺血修饰清蛋白作为急性缺血性脑卒中分型参考指标,其表达水平与患者预后具有密切相关性,血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平越高,预后效果越差。     

Practical significance of ischemic stroke OCSP (Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project) classification

OCSP classification based on neurological signs and syndromes contains four subtypes of ischaemic stroke: lacunar infarct (LACI), total anterior circulation infarcts (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI), posterior circulation infarcts (POCI). Literature reports suggest that this classification may be useful in estimation of after stroke complications and prognostication, and can raise the sensitivity of therapeutic clinical tests. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of risk factors, accompanying complications and prognosis in a material of clinical records of 346 hospitalized patients. Attention is drawn to limited importance of brain CT as shown in frequent discordance between clinical syndromes and CT findings in establishing to which stroke subtype a given patient belongs. The results obtained in the study are highly similar to those reported from other clinical centres. It was found that PACI syndrome was most frequently occurring, and that TACI subtype was associated with the highest frequency of complications and risk factors, and worst prognosis. The prognosis was best in the LACI subtype. The subtype of OCSP classification seems to be determining the possibility of complications and prognosis, and could suggest the most effective medical treatment.     

Relationship between subtypes of MRI-confirmed acute ischemic stroke based on OCSP and TOAST classifications

BACKGROUND： Two classification systems exist for subtypes of acute cerebral infarction. One was developed for the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment （TOAST）, based primarily on etiology. The other is the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project （OCSP）, based on clinical features.
OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the relationship between OCSP and TOAST classifications in terms of stroke location and etiology in 126 patients with acute ischemic stroke confirmed by transcranial magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Retrospective case analysis. Transcranial MRI, diffusion weighted imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography were performed in 126 patients with acute stroke during the first 48 hours following admission to the Department of Neurology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA.
PARTICIPANTS： A total of 126 patients with acute stroke, comprised of 71 males and 55 females, admitted to the Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA between December 2005 and April 2006 were included.
METHODS： Of 126 patients with acute stroke, 13 exhibited total anterior circulation infarcts （TACI）, 51 had partial anterior circulation infarcts （PACI）, 28 suffered posterior circulation infarcts （POCI）, and 34 had lacunar infarcts （LACI） based on OCSP classification. However, according to TOAST classification, 19 cases were a result of large-artery atherosclerosis, 32 by cardioembolism, 36 by small-vessel occlusion, 1 by stroke of other determined etiology, and 38 by stroke of undetermined etiology.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The corresponding relationship of the subtypes of acute stroke based on OCSP and TOAST.
RESULTS： Of patients with TACI, 8 （61.5%） were caused by cardioembolism. Of patients with PACI, 16 （31.4%） were caused by large-artery atherosclerosis and 17 （33.3%） by cardioembolism. Of patients with POCI, 12 （42.8%） were a result of small-vessel occlusion. Of patients with LACI, 17 （50.0%） were caused by hypertension and arteriolar sclerosi     

Correlation between symptomatic, radiological and etiological diagnosis in acute ischemic stroke

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to correlate with the symptomatic, radiological and etiological diagnosis in acute ischemic stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty patients with first-ever ischemic stroke within 24 h of onset were prospectively studied with 3-step diagnoses: 1) symptomatic diagnosis based on the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project criteria (OCSP), 2) radiological diagnosis (CT or MRI) and 3) etiological diagnosis based on the Lausanne Stroke Registry criteria. RESULTS: Most of the patients with symptoms of total anterior circulation infarcts (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI) and posterior circulation infarcts (POCI) had corresponding lesions on CT or MRI, while only 68% of lacunar infarcts (LACI) patients had small subcortical infarction (SSI). More than 60% of patients with TACI were classified into cardioembolism in the third diagnosis, while the etiology of PACI was either CE or large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in equal numbers. Only 58% of LACI patients were classified into small-artery disease (SAD) and 29% of them (30 cases) into LAA, of which 23 patients had lesions other than SSI. The positive predictive value of SAD in the combination of LACI and SSI was 0.78. The etiology of POCI was variable. CONCLUSION: Except for LACI, the symptomatic classification by OCSP corresponds well to the radiological diagnosis. The etiological diagnosis can be predicted by OCSP in TACI and PACI, but it is hard in POCI, and a number of LACI are due to LAA.