脑梗死早期康复对OCSP各亚型NIHSS评分的影响

目的探讨早期康复对脑梗死OCSP分型中各亚型NIHSS评分的影响。方法将251例急性脑梗死患者入院后按OCSP分型标准分为完全前循环梗死型(TACI)、部分前循环梗死型(PACI)、后循环梗死型(POCI)和腔隙性梗死型(LACI)4型。每型随机分为康复组和对照组,康复组在综合治疗的基础上给予早期康复干预,康复组患者均在康复前、康复治疗1个月和3个月时(对照组在相应时间点)采用NIHSS评分进行神经功能评定。比较各型中康复组和对照组NIHSS评分。结果按脑梗死OCSP分型,TACI型、PACI型和POCI型中康复组NIHSS评分较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LACI型中康复组NIHSS评分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论按脑梗死OCSP分型,早期康复治疗可改善PACI亚型、POCI亚型和TACI亚型1~3个月的预后,对LACI亚型预后改善不明显,早期康复治疗应针对不同的脑梗死患者实施。     

不同脑梗死亚型患者血清Fractalkine浓度的差异

目的：探讨不同牛津郡社区卒中项目（OCSP）亚型急性脑梗死患者血清Fractalkine（FKN）浓度的变化。方法：45例急性脑梗死患者按OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死（TACI）组、部分前循环梗死（PACI）组、后循环梗死（POCI）组和腔隙性梗死（LACI）组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测发病1～3d、7d、14d和28d时血清FKN浓度，比较各组间的差异。分析FKN浓度与相应时间点美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分和3个月时Barthel指数（BI）的相关性。结果：各种亚型急性脑梗死患者血清FKN浓度均升高，TACI组最为显著；在不同时间点，血清FKN浓度变化大致为TACI〉PACI〉LACI〉POCI，与相应时间点NIHSS评分呈正相关，与3个月时BI呈负相关。结论：血清FKN浓度的变化可能提示急性脑梗死各OCSP亚型患者炎症损伤的差异，并影响神经功能缺损程度和患者3个月时的转归。     

OCSP分型与脑梗死急性期神经功能缺损和预后的相关性研究

目的研究脑梗死急性期OCSP分型与神经功能缺损和预后的关系.方法连续收集首次发病的急性脑梗死(发病时间在10 d以内)患者160例,按OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死(TACI)、部分前循环梗死(PACI)、腔隙性脑梗死(LACI)、后循环梗死(POCI),比较斯堪的纳维亚神经功能缺损评分,入组后30 d、6个月的患者病死率、脑卒中复发率(包括缺血性和出血性)和日常生活能力.结果急性期神经功能缺损以TACI最重,POCI、PACI次之,LACI最轻,入组后30 d的患者病死率为TACI＞POCI＞PACI＞LACI,6个月时病死率仍然是TACI＞POCI＞PACI＞LACI,而6个月内脑卒中复发率是PACI＞POCI＞LACI＞TACI,存活6个月者残疾程度TACI最重(重度依赖),其余3个亚型均为轻度依赖.结论脑梗死急性期不同OCSP分型之间的脑梗死患者急性期神经功能缺损、30 d及6月时预后存在差异,不同的OCSP分型可以反映脑梗死急性期神经功能缺损的严重程度和预后,OCSP分型有利于脑梗死急性期治疗和康复方法的选择.     

1019例脑梗死OCSP分型及其与预后关系的研究

目的 了解脑梗死患者OCSP 临床分型的构成及不同亚型与预后及复发的关系.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究,登记2007年1月～2008年5月环湖医院神经内科确诊的1019例脑梗死患者,按照OCSP标准分型分为TACI、PACI、POCI和LACI,并进行随访,分析各亚型与预后及复发的关系.结果 OCSP各亚型构成比分别为:TACI占4.3%、PACI占54.2%、POCI占29.4%、LACI占12.1%,分型与预后明显相关,TACI的预后最差,POCI和LACI预后相对较好,PAC1次之.复发与分型有明显相关.结论 OCSP分型作为一种脑梗死临床分型方法,可以为脑梗死的预后判断提供参考依据.     

缺血性脑卒中OCSP分型与神经影像学及脑血管改变之间的关系

目的以OCSP分型为基础,结合影像学和DSA表现探讨缺血性卒中OCSP分型、神经影像学改变、血管改变之间的关系。方法回顾性分析227例经DSA证实存在血管狭窄患者的临床资料,据患者主要症状和体征、MRI、CT、DSA的结果进行OCSP分型、影像学分型、及血管病变部位分型。分析OCSP分型与神经影像学及脑血管改变之间的关系。结果 OCSP各型所占的比例依次为:(1)部分前循环梗死型(PACI)占47%;后循环梗死型(POCI)占31%;完全前循环梗死型(TACI)占13%;腔隙性梗死型LACI占9%。(2)OCSP分型中前循环梗死型(TACI+PACI)、腔隙性梗死型(LACI)、后循环梗死型(PCI)与影像学分型中皮质梗死和低灌流区梗死(CO+LFI)、皮质下小梗死(SSI)、后循环病变部位梗死(PCI)的一致率分别为77.97%、79.30%、79.30%。(3)OCSP分型中前循环型(TACI+PACI)和后循环型(POCI)与前循环血管狭窄(ICA+MCA)和后循环血管狭窄(VA+BA)一致率分别为78.41%、71.84%。结论 OCSP分型与神经影像学改变分型和血管改变分型的一致性较好。     

脑梗死OCSP分型和预后

目的了解脑梗死患者OCSP临床分型的构成及不同亚型与预后及复发的关系。方法采用回顾性队列研究,登记2002年1月~2005年6月第四军医大学西京医院神经内科确诊的617例脑梗死患者,按照OCSP标准分型并进行随访,分析各亚型与预后及复发的关系。结果OCSP各亚型构成比分变为:TACI占7.3%,PACI23.3%,POCI6.0%,LACI63.4%,分型与预后明显相关,TACI的预后最差,POCI和LACI预后相对较好,PACI次之,卒中复发与分型无明显相关。结论OCSP分型作为一种脑梗死临床分型方法,可以为脑梗死的预后判断提供参考依据。     

血清缺血修饰清蛋白与急性脑梗死的相关性研究

目的探讨血清缺血修饰清蛋白与急性缺血性脑卒中各亚型及患者早期预后的相关性。方法选取我院2013-04-2016-03收治的符合研究标准的104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究组,另选取同期门诊体检健康者54例为对照组。根据英国牛津郡社区脑卒中分型(OCSP)标准将104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为腔隙性梗死(LACI)组(n=25)、后循环梗死(POCI)组(n=25)、部分前循环梗死(PACI)组(n=28)、完全前循环梗死(TACI)组(n=26)。抽取各组血清进行检测,对比不同亚型急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平,并与对照组比较,统计不同亚型急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗前后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及日常生活活动能力评分(Barthel指数)变化情况。结果 LACI组、POCI组、PACI组、TACI组血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TACI组血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平明显高于LACI组、POCI组、PACI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前各组NIHSS评分及Barthel指数对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后各组均较治疗前改善,且TACI组与其余3组对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清缺血修饰清蛋白作为急性缺血性脑卒中分型参考指标,其表达水平与患者预后具有密切相关性,血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平越高,预后效果越差。     

丁苯酞注射液对急性脑梗死不同OCSP分型的疗效及对Hs-CRP、FIB水平的影响

目的探讨丁苯酞注射液用于治疗不同OCSP分型的急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效及对Hs-CRP、FIB的影响。方法收集本院收治的急性脑梗死患者248例,随机分为对照组113例,观察组135例,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用丁苯酞注射液,所有患者入院时均进行OCSP分型,同时在入院时、2 w进行NIHSS评分、Hs-CRP测定、FIB测定,比较两组患者总体及不同亚型的疗效及Hs-CRP、FIB的变化。结果治疗2 w,观察组NIHSS评分、Hs-CRP、FIB水平较对照组明显降低(P 0.05),观察组的总体有效率高于对照组(P 0.05);不同OCSP分型中,完全前循环脑梗死型(TACI)、部分前循环脑梗死型(PACI)、后循环脑梗死型(POCI)、腔隙性脑梗死型(LACI) NIHSS评分、FIB水平观察组均较对照组降低,各个亚组观察组与对照组疗效比较,TACI、POCI组疗效观察组优于对照组(P 0.05),而PACI、LACI组观察组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05); NIHSS评分与Hs-CRP、FIB均呈正相关。结论丁苯酞注射液治疗不同OCSP分型的急性脑梗死均具有较好的疗效,同时可有效降低炎症反应,其中丁苯酞治疗TACI、POCI的疗效更显著,其机制可能是通过降低炎症反应而达到治疗疗效。     

急性脑梗死患者临床分型及梗死面积与心电图改变的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者临床分型和梗死面积与心电图(ECG)改变的关系.方法 给216例急性脑梗死患者进行ECG检查,按牛津郡社区卒中项目(OCSP)分型和梗死面积分型,对各组患者的ECG检查结果进行分析比较.结果 OCSP分型完全前循环梗死(TACI)组、部分前循环梗死(PACI)组、后循环梗死(POCI)组和腔隙性梗死(LACI)组患者的ECG异常率分别是: 95. 5%、80.4%、62.5%和48.5%,TACI组和PACI组明显高于LACI组(P＜0.05～0.01);大中面积梗死组(83.7%)的ECG异常率明显高于小面积梗死组(60.4%)和腔隙性梗死组(53.2%)(P＜0.05～0.01);小面积梗死组的ECG异常率高于腔隙性梗死组(P＜0.05).OCSP和梗死面积分型各亚型组出现ST-T改变和心律失常的比率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 急性脑梗死临床分型病情重和梗死面积大的患者ECG异常率高.     

急性脑梗死患者血清胶质纤维酸性蛋白含量的动态变化及其临床意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)含量的动态变化及其临床意义。方法检测47例ACI患者发病<48h、第3d和第5d的血清GFAP含量,按牛津郡社区卒中项目(OCSP)和CT分型对患者的血清GFAP含量进行比较,并分析其与病情、预后的关系。结果血清GFAP含量在OCSP各亚型患者中,完全前循环梗死(TACI)组发病<48h时明显高于对照组和其他3组,第3d、第5d继续上升;部分前循环梗死(PACI)组在发病第3d达高峰,第5d下降至接近正常水平;而后循环梗死(POCI)组和腔隙性梗死(LACI)组与对照组相比差异无显著性(均P>0.05)。血清GFAP含量在不同面积ACI患者中,发病<48h时各组血清GFAP含量差异无显著性(P>0.05);大面积梗死组第3d、第5d血清GFAP含量明显高于其他4组(均P<0.05),其他4组血清GFAP含量差异均无显著性(均P>0.05)。血清GFAP含量与梗死灶部位无明显相关性,仅第3d的皮质 皮质下组GFAP含量显著高于同时间的其他3组。血清GFAP含量与国立卫生研究所卒中量表(NIHSS)评分呈显著正相关(r=0.410,P<0.01);在病情好转组、未变组及恶化组差异无显著性(均P>0.05),不是预后的独立危险因素。结论ACI后血清GFAP含量的变化可反映病灶大小和病情的严重程度,为指导临床的诊治提供依据。     

Correlation between symptomatic, radiological and etiological diagnosis in acute ischemic stroke

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to correlate with the symptomatic, radiological and etiological diagnosis in acute ischemic stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty patients with first-ever ischemic stroke within 24 h of onset were prospectively studied with 3-step diagnoses: 1) symptomatic diagnosis based on the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project criteria (OCSP), 2) radiological diagnosis (CT or MRI) and 3) etiological diagnosis based on the Lausanne Stroke Registry criteria. RESULTS: Most of the patients with symptoms of total anterior circulation infarcts (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI) and posterior circulation infarcts (POCI) had corresponding lesions on CT or MRI, while only 68% of lacunar infarcts (LACI) patients had small subcortical infarction (SSI). More than 60% of patients with TACI were classified into cardioembolism in the third diagnosis, while the etiology of PACI was either CE or large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in equal numbers. Only 58% of LACI patients were classified into small-artery disease (SAD) and 29% of them (30 cases) into LAA, of which 23 patients had lesions other than SSI. The positive predictive value of SAD in the combination of LACI and SSI was 0.78. The etiology of POCI was variable. CONCLUSION: Except for LACI, the symptomatic classification by OCSP corresponds well to the radiological diagnosis. The etiological diagnosis can be predicted by OCSP in TACI and PACI, but it is hard in POCI, and a number of LACI are due to LAA.     

Intracranial large artery disease among OCSP subtypes in ethnic South Asian ischemic stroke patients

The site of vascular stenosis correlates well with the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification among Caucasians, but not among ethnic Chinese patients. We prospectively studied 205 consecutive ethnic South Asian ischemic stroke patients to investigate the prevalence of intracranial large artery disease determined by transcranial color-coded doppler and magnetic resonance angiography among OCSP subtypes. The distribution of OCSP subtypes was 7% total anterior circulation infarction (TACI), 17% partial anterior circulation infarction (PACI), 14% posterior circulation infarction (POCI) and 62% lacunar infarction (LACI). Significant intracranial large artery disease was common among all OCSP subtypes; 79% with TACI, 47% PACI, 65% POCI and 44% LACI. This is similar to ethnic Chinese data and is likely due to the predominance of intracranial disease over extracranial disease. Clinical axioms using OSCP subtypes based on Caucasian data may be misleading if applied to ethnic South Asians.     

急性脑梗死症状学、影像学及病因学分类之间的关系研究

目的：探讨急性脑梗死症状学、影像学及病因学分类之间的关系。方法：对125例起病48小时内的急性脑梗死患者进行3步骤分类诊断，第一步为症状学分类：(1)完全前循环梗死(TACI)；(2)部分前循环梗死(PACI)；(3)腔隙性梗死(LACI)；(4)后循环梗死(POCI)。第二步为影像学分类：(1)前循环皮质梗死或纹状体内囊区梗死(C0)；(2)低灌流梗死(LFI)；(3)深穿技区的皮质下小梗死(SSI)；(4)除SSI以外的后循环梗死(PCI)；(5)无异常发现(N0)。第三步为病因学分类：(1)大动脉粥样硬化(LAA)；(2)心源性栓塞(CE)；(3)小动脉病(SAD)；(4)其它病因、病因不明或混合性病因。结果：在症状学分类诊断为TACI、PACI和POCI的患者中，CT或MRI所示病灶与其临床症状的对应性良好，但只有67．3％的LACI影像学分类为SSI。大多数TACI患者是由CE造成的。在PACI患者中，CE和LAA的数量相同。只有57．7％的LACI患者被划分为SAD，而28．8％被划分为LAA。用LACI和SSI来预测SAD的阳性预测率较高(78％)。POCI的病因诊断多种多样。结论：除LACI以外，症状学分类与影像学分类的对应性良好，用症状学分类可预测TACI和PACI患者的病因分类，但难以预测POCI患者的病因分类。不少的LACI是由LAA造成的。     

急性脑梗死OCSP分型与吞咽困难的相关性分析

目的研究急性脑梗死OCSP分型与吞咽困难发生的关系。方法收集急性脑梗死患者199例,按牛津郡社区卒中项目（OCSP）分型划分为4型,于入院24h之内行标准床旁吞咽功能评估（SSA）,判断有无吞咽困难,比较其吞咽困难发生率的差异。结果199例患者中吞咽困难者占45．73％（91／199）,TACI（完全前循环梗死）中为76％（19／25）;PACI（部分前循环梗死）中为42．25％（50／113）;POCI（后循环梗死）中为35％（14／40）;LACI（腔隙性梗死）中为38．10％（8／21）。各型患者的吞咽困难发生率的差异存在统计学意义（χ^2=11．679,P〈0．05）,两两比较只有TAcI和其他3型之间差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论吞咽困难是脑梗死后的常见症状,OCSP各型吞咽困难发生率的不同与缺血损伤不同区域的吞咽中枢以及缺血的范围和程度有关。     

Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification but not NIHSS predicts symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage following thrombolysis

BackgroundThe Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification is a simple tool to categorize clinical stroke syndromes. We compared the outcomes of stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis stratified by the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or by the OCSP classification.MethodsWe assessed the safety of thrombolysis in consecutive stroke patients who received intravenous thrombolysis within 3 h after onset. The patients were grouped by the NIHSS score into mild to moderate stroke (≤ 20) and severe stroke (> 20), and also by the OCSP classification as having total anterior circulation infarcts (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI), posterior circulation infarcts (POCI), or lacunar infarcts (LACI). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) was used as the primary outcome.ResultsOf the 145 patients included in the study, 45 had a baseline NIHSS score > 20. Their stroke syndromes were as follows: 78 with TACI, 29 with PACI, 16 with POCI, and 22 with LACI. The proportion of SICH was comparable between patients with high or low NIHSS score (11.1% vs. 9.0%, P = 0.690). The chance of SICH was highest in patients with TACI (15.4%), followed by LACI (4.5%), PACI (3.4%), and POCI (0%). After adjustment for age, baseline glucose, and use of antiplatelet agents before admission, SICH was significantly increased in patients with TACI relative to those with non-TACI (odds ratio 5.92; 95% confidence interval 1.24–28.33, P = 0.026).ConclusionsThe OCSP clinical classification may help clinicians evaluate the risk of SICH following intravenous thrombolysis.     

急性缺血性脑卒中的OCSP分型与Essen卒中风险评分

目的Essen卒中风险评估（ESRS）体系可准确评估非心源性缺血性脑卒中（IS）复发的风险。本研究立意于探索急性缺血性脑卒中的OCSP分型与ESRS之间的关系。方法①对连续纳入的非心源性Is患者行ESRS评估,将其分为低风险组（ESRS〈3分）和高风险组（ESRS≥3分）;②OCSP分型：完全前循环卒中（TACI）,部分前循环卒中（PACI）,腔隙性卒中（LACI）和后循环卒中（POCI）。比较不同ESRS分值组之间OCSP分型的构成。结果纳入的516例非心源性IS患者中低风险组93例（29．4％）,高风险组223例（70．6％）,动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者（AT）161例（50．9％）。PACI者143例（45．3％）,LACI者99例（31．3％）,POCI者43例（13．6％）,TACI者31例（9．8％）。所有患者中,不同OCSP分型在不同ESRS分值组的构成分布在统计学上没有显著性差异（P=0．111）;不同OCSP分型在高低风险组间的构成分布在统计学上无显著性差异（P=0．397）。AT患者中,不同ESRS分值组的OCSP分型的分布也没有明显的统计学差异（P=0．817）;高、低风险组中的OCSP分型的分布无显著的差异（P=0．885）。结论本研究提示：①非心源性急性缺血性脑卒中的再发风险的大小与其发生的部位可能无关联;②AT的卒中发生部位与再发风险尚无明确的关联性,风险愈高,并不意味着某部位卒中病灶出现的概率就愈高。     

Relationship between subtypes of MRI-confirmed acute ischemic stroke based on OCSP and TOAST classifications

BACKGROUND： Two classification systems exist for subtypes of acute cerebral infarction. One was developed for the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment （TOAST）, based primarily on etiology. The other is the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project （OCSP）, based on clinical features.
OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the relationship between OCSP and TOAST classifications in terms of stroke location and etiology in 126 patients with acute ischemic stroke confirmed by transcranial magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Retrospective case analysis. Transcranial MRI, diffusion weighted imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography were performed in 126 patients with acute stroke during the first 48 hours following admission to the Department of Neurology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA.
PARTICIPANTS： A total of 126 patients with acute stroke, comprised of 71 males and 55 females, admitted to the Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA between December 2005 and April 2006 were included.
METHODS： Of 126 patients with acute stroke, 13 exhibited total anterior circulation infarcts （TACI）, 51 had partial anterior circulation infarcts （PACI）, 28 suffered posterior circulation infarcts （POCI）, and 34 had lacunar infarcts （LACI） based on OCSP classification. However, according to TOAST classification, 19 cases were a result of large-artery atherosclerosis, 32 by cardioembolism, 36 by small-vessel occlusion, 1 by stroke of other determined etiology, and 38 by stroke of undetermined etiology.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The corresponding relationship of the subtypes of acute stroke based on OCSP and TOAST.
RESULTS： Of patients with TACI, 8 （61.5%） were caused by cardioembolism. Of patients with PACI, 16 （31.4%） were caused by large-artery atherosclerosis and 17 （33.3%） by cardioembolism. Of patients with POCI, 12 （42.8%） were a result of small-vessel occlusion. Of patients with LACI, 17 （50.0%） were caused by hypertension and arteriolar sclerosi