CTLA4 Ig在诱导小鼠心脏移植免疫耐受中的作用

目的　通过建立小鼠心脏移植模型 ,探讨CTLA4Ig在免疫抑制和诱导免疫耐受中的作用。方法　建立小鼠心脏移植模型 ,供体分别为DBA/2和 6 15新生鼠心脏 ,受体为BALB/c小鼠 ,移植后分别予以CTLA4Ig 0 .1、1、5mg·kg-1·d-1,治疗 1周 ,观察不同剂量CTLA4Ig对新生鼠移植心脏存活时间的影响 ;BALB/c小鼠首次移植 2周后再次移植DBA/2或 6 15新生鼠心脏 ,观察CTLA4Ig对再次移植心脏存活的影响。结果　与对照组相比 ,CTLA4Ig 0 .1mg·kg-1·d组 ,移植心脏的存活时间不能延长 ,CTLA4Ig 1mg·kg-1·d和 5mg·kg-1·d-1组能显著延长心脏的存活时间 ,但两组间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。再次移植 6 15心脏各组 ,移植心脏的存活时间均无显著延长 ,而再次移植DBA/2新生鼠心脏 ,CTLA4Ig 1mg·kg-1·d-1和 5mg·kg-1·d-1组 ,其移植心脏的存活时间仍然能显著延长 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　CTLA4Ig能延长新生鼠心脏移植存活时间 ,且能诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受     

三苯氧胺对小鼠睾丸形态结构的影响

目的观察三苯氧胺 (TAM )对小鼠睾丸形态结构的影响。方法将雄性小鼠随机分成阴性对照组、TAM(低、中、高 )组和阳性对照组 ,分别以生理盐水、TAM (0 .0 2mg·kg-1·d-1、0 .2mg·kg-1·d-1、2mg·kg-1·d-1)和环磷酰胺(40mg·kg-1·d-1)连续灌胃 2 0天 ,于末次后 15天处死小鼠 ,计算实验前后体重变化、睾丸重量与睾丸指数 ,并观察光镜和电镜下睾丸组织的形态。结果高TAM组小鼠的体重变化、睾丸指数与阴性对照组比较差别显著 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,高TAM组睾丸组织的形态结构明显改变。结论高剂量TAM对小鼠的睾丸组织有毒性作用。     

托吡酯对癫痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 :探讨托吡酯 (TPM)对癫痫发作大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法 :采用戊四氮致痫模型 ,大鼠癫痫发作后连续给予托吡酯 (80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 和 4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ) ,共 14 d。以 TU NEL方法标记 DNA片段 ,原位检测海马 CA1和 CA3区的神经细胞凋亡。结果 :各组大鼠海马 CA1、CA3区均出现 TU NEL阳性细胞。对照组海马 CA1、CA3区 TUNEL阳性细胞数分别为 (35 .83± 4 .5 8)个和 (36 .83± 3.87)个 ;4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组分别为 (31.5 2± 3.4 3)个和 (32 .35± 4 .6 9)个 ;80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组为 (2 1.17± 3.0 6 )个和 (2 1.16± 3.87)个。 80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组比较存在极显著差异 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :TPM对癫痫发作后神经元凋亡具有一定的保护作用。     

泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症依从性比较

[目的 ]探讨泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症患者的依从性。 [方法 ]对多发性抽动症患者随机分为两组 ,分别口服泰必利 ( A组 )、氟哌啶醇 ( B组 )。A组初始剂量 5 mg· kg-1·d-1,视病情每周增加剂量 2 .5 mg·kg-1·d-1,最大至 1 5～ 2 0 mg·kg-1·d-1;B组 0 .0 3mg· kg-1·d-1开始 ,每 1～ 2周增加 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .0 5 mg· kg-1· d-1,最大至 0 .1 5 mg· kg-1· d-1,观察 8周比较两组治疗效果与对副作用的关系 ,[结果 ]泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症疗效无显著差异 ,而氟哌啶醇因副作用大 ,患者依从性差。 [结论 ]治疗多发性抽动症 ,宜首选泰必利。     

仙人掌提取物对小鼠血糖的影响

目的 :探讨仙人掌水性和酸性提取物对小鼠血糖的影响。方法 :糖尿病小鼠造模成功后分为 5组 :仙人掌酸提物 2个剂量组 (0 .5g·kg-1·d-1和 1.0g·kg-1·d-1) ,水提物 2个剂量组和优降糖组 (2 0 0mg·kg-1·d-1)。正常小鼠灌注等量生理盐水作为正常对照。 6组小鼠均连续给药 2 1d后测血糖。结果 :给药后仙人掌酸提物 2个剂量组血糖均较给药前降低 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,2个剂量组间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但 2组与优降糖组相比 ,P均 <0 .0 5 ;水提物 2个剂量组给药前后血糖无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :仙人掌酸提物有降血糖作用     

丙种球蛋白和强的松联合治疗儿童原发性血小板减少性紫癜46例疗效观察

目的　探讨丙种球蛋白和强的松联合治疗儿童原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)的疗效。方法　治疗组采用静脉丙种球蛋白 4 0 0mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ,连用 3～ 5d ,同时加服强的松 1 5～ 2mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ,疗程 4周 ;对照组单用强的松 1 5～ 1mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ,疗程 4周。结果　两种方法治疗 7d ,患儿血小板 (PLT)≥ 1 0 0× 1 0 9/L所占比例 ,治疗组为 75 % ,对照组为 30 8% (P <0 .0 5 )。两种方法治疗 4周 ,患儿血小板 (PLT)≥ 1 0 0× 1 0 9/L所占比例 ,治疗组为 85 % ,对照组为 6 9 2 % (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　丙种球蛋白和强的松联合治疗ITP早期疗效明显优于单用强的松 ,但后期疗效无差异     

川芎嗪对缺氧小鼠的保护作用

目的　探讨川芎嗪对常压缺氧和化学性缺氧小鼠的保护作用。方法　昆明种小鼠 40只 ,体重 2 0± 2g ,随机分成 4组 ,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水 ,实验组分 2 5mg·kg-1、5 0mg·kg-1、10 0mg·kg-13个剂量组注射川芎嗪 ,30min后 ,放于缺氧瓶内 ,观察小鼠存活时间 ;化学性缺氧动物只数、分组、给药同上 ,30min后分别腹腔注射氰化钾和亚硝酸钠 ,观察小鼠存活时间。结果　川芎嗪各组均能显著延长常压缺氧小鼠的存活时间 (P <0 .0 1) ;5 0mg·kg-1和10 0mg·kg-1川芎嗪对亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠的存活时间有显著延长作用 (P <0 .0 1) ;10 0mg·kg-1川芎嗪能显著延长氰化钾中毒小鼠的存活时间 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　川芎嗪对常压和化学性缺氧小鼠有一定的保护作用     

当归多糖AP-0对小鼠移植性肿瘤的抑制作用

目的　观察当归总多糖AP 0对于 3种小鼠移植性肿瘤的抑制作用。方法　小鼠肉瘤S180模型建立 :二级昆明种小鼠 ,每只鼠鼷部接种 5× 10 6瘤细胞。接种次日起 ,每日 1次定时ipAP 0 30mg·kg-1,10 0mg·kg-1和 30 0mg·kg-1,阳性对照组ip环磷酰胺 (Cy) 30mg·kg-1,共 10d ,第 11天活杀小鼠 ,称瘤质量、体质量、胸腺和脾质量 ,统计结果。小鼠Ehrlich腹水癌 (EAC)模型建立 :二级昆明种小鼠 ,每鼠ip接种 2 .5× 10 6瘤细胞。接种后次日起 ,每日 1次定时ipAP 0 30mg·kg-1,10 0mg·kg-1和 30 0mg·kg-1,阳性对照组ip氟尿嘧啶 ( 5 FU) 2 0mg·kg-1,共 10d ,观察各组 6 0d平均存活天数 ,计算生命延长率。小鼠白血病L12 10模型建立 :二级DBA/2小鼠 ,每鼠ip接种 1× 10 5瘤细胞。接种后次日起 ,每日 1次定时ipAP 0 30mg·kg-1,10 0mg·kg-1和 30 0mg·kg-1,阳性对照组ip环磷酰胺 (Cy) 30mg·kg-1,共 10d ;第 30天处死 ,计算生命延长率。结果　小鼠肉瘤 180实验结果 :瘤质量指标 :NS组和各治疗组瘤质量均大于Cy组 (P <0 .0 1) ;胸腺质量指标 :10 0mg·kg-1组胸腺质量小于NS组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,30mg·kg-1和 30 0mg·kg-1组胸腺质量明显小于NS组 (P <0 .0 1) ,但 30mg·kg-1组胸腺质量大于Cy组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,10 0mg·     

降压药物对未成年自发性高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增生与凋亡及相关基因蛋白的影响

目的　观察不同种类降压药物对未成年自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)主动脉血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMC)增生和凋亡的影响 ,探讨其在高血压早期血管重塑中的作用和意义。方法　 36只 4周龄SHR ,按随机化区组设计分成6组 ,分别应用普萘洛尔 ( 5 0mg·kg-1·d-1)、依那普利 ( 30mg·kg-1·d-1)、硝苯地平 ( 35mg·kg-1·d-1)、缬沙坦 ( 30mg·kg-1·d-1)、双氢氯噻嗪 ( 75mg·kg-1·d-1)干预 6周。另设一对照组 ,采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶 (TdT)介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法 (TUNEL)检测凋亡细胞 ;用免疫组化法检测Bcl 2、Bax基因蛋白 ;光镜下观察主动脉组织学改变。结果　 ( 1)依那普利、硝苯地平和缬沙坦组VSMC凋亡指数 (SMCAI)显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,而普萘洛尔、双氢氯噻嗪组与对照组相比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 ( 2 )依那普利和缬沙坦组Bcl 2基因表达较对照组显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,硝苯地平组也显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而普萘洛尔、双氢氯噻嗪组与对照组比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 ( 3)缬沙坦组Bax基因表达较对照组显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,余 4组与对照组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 ( 4 )依那普利、硝苯地平和缬沙坦组Bcl 2 /Bax较对照组显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,而普萘洛尔、双氢氯噻组与对照组比较     

中药大明胶囊对2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖作用的研究

目的　探讨大明胶囊对 2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖的影响。方法　建立 2型糖尿病大鼠模型 ,筛选空腹血糖值大于 16 .7mmol·L- 1 的大鼠随机分组 :大明胶囊大 (187.5mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )、中 (93.8mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )、小 (46 .9mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )剂量组、糖尿病模型组、苯乙双胍 (75mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )组 ,连续用药 14d ,用葡萄糖氧化酶法测空腹血糖值 ,同时对大明胶囊治疗前后 2型糖尿病大鼠 2 4h进食量、饮水量、体重及甘油三酯进行测定。结果　 2型糖尿病大鼠经大明胶囊灌胃给药后空腹血糖值与模型组相比有明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并且饮水量、进食量及TG与模型组相比明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　大明胶囊对 2型糖尿病大鼠有明显的降低空腹血糖作用 ,并且可以改善糖尿病的症状。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.