形觉剥夺性近视视网膜细胞的凋亡及c-myc的表达

目的：研究形觉剥夺性近视眼（FDM）中视网膜细胞的凋亡及c-myc蛋白在视网膜的表达。方法：孵化2d的雏鸡，右眼眼睑缝合4，8，12周后检影验光，眼底视网膜照片和光镜观察，TUNEL（TdT-mediated biotin—duTP nick—end labelling，TUNEL）检测及流式细胞术检测视网膜的凋亡细胞，免疫组织化学法及流式细胞术定量测定．c—myc蛋白的表达。结果：12周时缝合眼中出现漆裂纹样眼底改变，视网膜内、外核层发现凋亡细胞，出现明显凋亡峰。8，12周视网膜c-myc蛋白表达高于对照组。结论：鸡眼近视形成伴眼底改变时，视网膜细胞出现凋亡，c—myc在近视视网膜细胞的凋亡过程中发挥重要作用。     

Morphological recovery in the reattached retina of the toad Bufo marinus: a new experimental model of retinal detachment

BACKGROUND: The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the toad (Bufo marinus) has been used in many studies as a model for understanding its role and interaction with the neural retina. The toad's retina has been used to establish a new in vitro model of experimental retinal detachment (RD) and replacement . It has been shown that the electrophysiological measures of retinal function recovered following complete RD. The toad was chosen because its RPE is similar to the mammalian RPE . In this report, light microscopy was used to characterize the morphologic changes that occur in the RPE and neural retina following RD/replacement and to correlate these findings with recovery of electrophysiologic function. METHODS: Retinas from Bufo marinus were studied in vitro. The neural retina completely detached from the RPE and then replaced. At various times after replacement, neural retina-RPE tissues were processed for light microscopy. RESULTS: At 30 min after replacement, the subretinal space was greatly expanded, and the apical processes that normally ensheath the rod outer segments were short and no longer contacted the rod outer segments. The RPE was swollen, contained many vacuoles and the apical surface was rounded. By 2 h after replacement, the subretinal space was significantly resorbed and contained many shredded rod outer segments; RPE cells were still swollen, although less. During the next 5-10 h, the number of phagosomes in the RPE cytoplasm increased and the number of shredded rod outer segments in the subretinal space decreased. RPE cells regained their normal size and interdigitation of apical processes and rod outer segments were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the re-establishment of morphological interactions between the RPE and neural retina within hours following RD/replacement. Morphological recovery coincides with recovery of electrophysiologic parameters. This is a good model to investigate the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina mechanisms involved in retinal adhesion and recovery from retinal detachment.     

DAT和D2R在垂体腺瘤组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨垂体腺瘤组织中多巴胺转运体（DAT）和多巴胺D2受体（D2R）的表达变化及其意义。方法选取179 例手术治疗的垂体腺瘤患者,根据术前内分泌激素检查和术后病理学检查结果,将患者分为泌乳腺瘤（PRL）45 例、生长激素腺瘤（GH）43 例、促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤（ACTH）32 例及无功能垂体腺瘤（NFPA）59例,免疫组织化学法检测垂体腺瘤组织和瘤旁正常组织中DAT、D2R的表达,分析D2R、DAT 在垂体腺瘤组织中表达的相关性。结果PRL、GH及ACTH组织中D2R、DAT 表达高于NFPA 和瘤旁正常组织,PRL 和GH 组织中D2R、DAT 表达高于ACTH 组织（p <0.05）;D2R、DAT 在垂体腺瘤组织中的表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤质地、KNOSP 分级、是否侵袭及是否复发无关（p >0.05）;Spearman 相关分析显示,D2R 在垂体腺瘤组织中的表达与DAT 呈正相关（r =0.571,p =0.000）。结论D2R、DAT 在PRL 和GH腺瘤组织中呈高表达,而在ACTH 和NFPA 腺瘤中组织呈低表达,提示多巴胺代谢紊乱可能参与不同病理学类型垂体腺瘤的发生。     

Changes of dopamine transporter function in striatum during acute morphine addiction and its abstinence in rhesus monkey

Background Although dopamine transporter （DAT） is essential for addiction, the effect of additive drugs on DAT function is still controversial, especially for opiates. We investigated the functional changes of dopamine transporter in striatum of rhesus monkeys during acute morphine injection and its abstinence. Methods Four rhesus monkeys, 6 to 9 years old, two male and two female, were examined for 12 days. Single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） was performed with ^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1 as the radiopharmaceutical dopamine transporter agent during different stages of acute morphine injection and its abstinence. The ratios of SPECT signal between striatum and cerebellum （ST/CB） were calculated. Results The ST/CB ratio declined significantly on the first day of morphine injection and continued declining with more morphine injections. After abstinence, the ratio increased with time, but was still significantly lower on the 5th day of abstinence than the normal level. Conclusions In rhesus monkey, acute morphine injection has both rapid and lasting effects on DAT by downregnlating its function. The decline was partially reversible following morphine abstinence. The results suggest that striatum is one effective target of morphine and that the DAT function in striatum is one indicator for morphine addiction.     

SD大鼠吗啡条件性位置偏爱易感性差异的内侧前额皮质多巴胺D2受体和多巴胺转运体机制

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) and dopamine transportors (DAT) located in the medial prefrontal contex (mPFC) in high and low conditioned place preference (CPP) rats, and to unveil the possible mechanism leading to different CPP susceptibilities. METHODS: One hundred and sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into an experiment group (n = 130) and a control group (n = 30). The experiment group was re-classified into 2 groups according to CPP values:high preference group (HP group) and low preference group (LP group). According to the execution time-points after the last administration, the HP and LP group was classified into a 3-hour group (3 h), a 72-hour group (J3d), and a 14-day group (J14d), respectively. At 3 hours, 72 hours, and 14 days after the final injection, rats were killed and cardio-perfused, and the brains were removed and sliced up coronarily. The mRNA levels of D2R and DAT in mPFC were determined with in situ hybridization. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of pretest scores staying at the non-preference chamber among the groups(P = 0.470). However, the test scores of the CPP time stayed at pretest natural preference in the HP group were significantly higher than those of the LP group(P = 0.000). In 3h, J3d, and J14d groups,the expressions of D2R mRNA in the HP group (125.43 +/- 2.90 approximately 142.92 +/- 3.32) were lower than those of LP group (122.25 +/- 2.20 approximately 136.67 +/-5.39) (P = 0.000). In 3h and J3d,the expressions of DAT mRNA in the HP group (157.00 +/- 3.55 approximately 145.15 +/- 3.69) were significantly lower than those of the LP group (150.69 +/- 3.12 approximately 138.84 +/- 3.99) (P = 0.000). In J14d, there were no differences among 3 groups in mPFC (P = 0.458). CONCLUSION: D2R and DAT may be correlated closely and underlie the different susceptibilities to morphine induced CPP.     

大鼠青光眼慢性高眼压视网膜组织的二维凝胶电泳分析

目的应用二维凝胶电泳对SD大鼠青光眼慢性高眼压视网膜组织的蛋白进行初步分析.方法分离大鼠青光眼慢性高眼压视网膜组织,以对侧眼视网膜组织为对照,经样本初处理后,进行二维凝胶电泳和凝胶银染色,然后分析电泳图谱,观察蛋白的分离效果,对比、分析其表达蛋白质点的差异,寻找SD大鼠视网膜中与慢性高眼压相关的蛋白质.结果用化学裂解法结合超声波粉碎,可以裂解视网膜神经组织,使其大部分蛋白质得到溶解,成功建立对大鼠青光眼慢性高眼压眼及对照眼视网膜组织进行样本处理、二维凝胶电泳的基本方法和条件,得到两组视网膜组织的二维凝胶电泳图谱.各组织蛋白在小胶上均能显示120～290个左右的斑点.两组视网膜组织的凝胶图谱呈现出9个斑点的差异.结论二维凝胶电泳可以有效分离、显示视网膜特异表达蛋白质.通过双向电泳,我们发现SD大鼠视网膜蛋白质表达与对照眼相比有质和量的差异.     

多巴胺对兔实验性形觉剥夺性近视形成的影响

目的　研究多巴胺对实验性近视形成的影响.方法　7日龄幼兔52只,分A,B,C,3组.A组20只,单纯缝合眼睑;B组16只,缝合眼睑+玻璃体内注射多巴胺;C组16只,缝合眼睑+玻璃体注射生理盐水.均以右眼为实验眼,左眼为对照眼.第60日用A超测量每组双眼的前房深度、晶体厚度、玻璃体腔长度和眼轴长度,并计算玻璃体腔长度／眼轴长度,同时进行病理学观察.结果　A,C两组中实验眼的玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度和玻璃体腔长度／眼轴长度分别为(7.9±0.6)mm,(15.4±0.6)mm,0.52±0.03;(7.3±0.5)mm,(15.1±0.7)mm,0.49±0.02;对照眼则为(7.2±0.8)mm,(14.5±0.7)mm,0.48±0.02;(6.8±0.4)mm,(14.6±0.6)mm,0.46±0.02.两眼间的差异有高度显著的统计学意义(P<0.001),前房深度和晶体厚度无统计学差异,而B组均无统计学差异.巩膜胶原纤维在A,C两组中明显变细,而在B组中改变较轻.结论　形觉剥夺能导致眼球的轴性延长,玻璃体腔延长和VCL/AL增大是其形态学原因,巩膜纤维的变细、延长是其病理学原因之一,而多巴胺能部分阻止这些改变.     

屈光不正对视网膜对比敏感度的影响

目的探讨屈光不正对视网膜对比敏感度检测的影响。方法使用RM-800对比敏感度仪测量47例中低度近视94眼在屈光矫正与不矫正状态下进行不同空间频率1.8,3,6,12,18和24cpd（cycles per degree）的视网膜对比敏感度的测量。结果屈光不矫正状态下视网膜对比敏感度在所有检查频段均较对照组下降（P﹤0.05）。结论屈光不正对视网膜对比敏感度的测量有明显影响。     

近视豚鼠视网膜超微结构改变及环磷酸鸟苷的表达

目的:建立豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视动物模型,观察豚鼠视网膜超微结构变化,研究环磷酸鸟苷(cyclic guanine monophosphate,cGMP)在近视豚鼠视网膜组织上的表达变化,探讨其发病机制.方法:3周龄的三色豚鼠随机分为未遮盖组(Ⅰ组)、单眼遮盖2周组(Ⅱ组)和单眼遮盖3周组(Ⅲ组),其中右眼遮盖为实验眼,左...     

牛视网膜色素上皮细胞Kir7.1 mRNA的表达

目的该研究在牛视网膜色素上皮细胞证明K 传导的分子基础.方法用RT-PCR和Northem blot探测视网膜色素上皮细胞和神经视网膜Kir7.1 mRNA和Kir4.1 mRNA的表达.结果RT-PCR显示在视网膜色素上皮细胞和神经视网膜均有Kir7.1 mRNA,Kir4.1mRNA仅表达在神经视网膜;Northem blot结果显示Kir4.1探针在神经视网膜而非视网膜色素上皮细胞得到一条期待大小的带,Kir7.1探针在神经视网膜和视网膜色素上皮细胞得到～1.5kb的带,并在视网膜色素上皮细胞强表达.结论Kir7.1而非Kir4.1是牛视网膜色素上皮细胞的主要K 传导.     

VIPR2在形觉剥夺性近视眼中的动态表达

目的：探讨高度近视眼眼球后壁组织血管活性肠肽受体2亚型（vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2,VIPR2）的动态表达及意义。方法：选择出生1d的黄鸡共21只，右眼遮盖作为实验组，分别持续遮盖1周，2周和4周。左眼未遮盖作为对照组。2组均采用检影验光检测屈光度；眼科A超测定新鲜离体眼轴长度；对2组3个时间段眼球后壁行SP法免疫组织化学染色，检测VIPR2的动态表达。结果：实验组由实验前远视眼快速演变为高度近视眼，并随遮盖时间延长，近视度数加深，眼轴延长；2组视网膜光感受器外节、脉络膜均有VIPR2强阳性表达；随出生时间延长，2组VIPR2表达均逐渐下调。与对照组相比，实验组VIPR2表达明显上调（P<0.05）。结论：形觉剥夺可导致高度近视； VIPR2表达主要位于视网膜光感受器外节和脉络膜，可能参与了近视眼的形成与发展。     

糖皮质激素受体对大鼠丙泊酚依赖行为的影响及其机制

目的：研究糖皮质激素受体（GR）对大鼠丙泊酚觅药行为的影响,探讨丙泊酚精神依赖性的发生机制。方法：24 只SD大鼠用固定比率（FR1）强化程序建立丙泊酚精神依赖性模型,并随机均分为对照组、RU486 10 mg/kg组、RU486 20 mg/kg组和RU486 40 mg/kg组,观察腹腔注射不同剂量GR拮抗剂RU486对大鼠自身觅药行为学的影响,Western blot检测大鼠伏隔核（NAc）内多巴胺转运体（DAT）的蛋白表达水平。另取24 只SD大鼠用FR1程序建立自身给予蔗糖行为模型后随机均分为对照组、RU486 10 mg/kg组、RU486 20 mg/kg组和RU486 40 mg/kg组,观察腹腔注射不同剂量GR拮抗剂RU486 对大鼠自身给予蔗糖行为的影响。结果：与对照组比,GR拮抗剂RU486 腹腔给药可剂量依赖性减弱大鼠丙泊酚自身觅药行为（P ＜0.01）,并降低大鼠NAc内DAT的蛋白水平表达（P ＜0.05）。与对照组比,RU486 腹腔给药不影响大鼠自身给予蔗糖行为（P ＞0.05）。结论：GR拮抗剂可能通过影响NAc内DAT水平从而减弱大鼠丙泊酚觅药行为。     

高度近视眼发生玻璃体后脱离的临床研究

目的探讨高度近视眼玻璃体后脱离(posterior vitreous     

中国汉族人群多巴胺转运体、多巴胺D2受体基因多态性及其与言语流畅性障碍的相关性

目的 探讨言语流畅性障碍与多巴胺转运体基因(DAT)和多巴胺D2受体基因(DRD2)的相关性.方法 通过病例对照研究,检测5个单核苷酸多态性位点(DAT基因的C252T,C1804T和C1820T;DRD2基因的T1054C,C1072T)在112名中国汉族口吃者和112名性别匹配的中国汉族对照中的分布情况,确定单核苷酸多态性对中国汉族人群言语流畅性障碍的作用.通过PCR-焦磷酸测序法进行基因分型. 结果 C1804T在病例组和对照组中不具有多态性,因此不进行后续的分析.C1072T的等位基因C在病例组中的分布频率显著高于对照组(等位基因T的基因频率显著低于对照组).病例组中CC基因型频率显著高于对照组,而CT基因型频率明显低于对照组.C252T,C1820T和T1054C在病例组和对照组中的基因频率、基因型频率没有显著差异. 结论 研究结果 表明,DRD2基因C1072T的等位基因C会增加中国汉族人群言语流畅性障碍发生的易感性,而等位基因T具有抵抗发病的保护作用.     

实验性糖尿病大鼠视网膜中Visfatin mRNA及蛋白表达研究

目的:研究糖尿病大鼠视网膜中Visfatin mRNA及蛋白表达情况,探讨Visfatin与糖尿病视网膜病变的关系。方法:建立链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型(实验组),同时设立正常对照组。饲养12wk后处死大鼠并取视网膜组织,采用冰冻切片免疫荧光染色法和RT-PCR法观察和检测Visfatin和VEGF mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果:对照组中Visfatin主要在神经纤维层中少量表达,但在实验组视网膜中Visfatin及VEGF的蛋白表达明显增强,特别是在Müller细胞中。Visfatin及VEGF表达部位一致。RT-PCR显示实验组中Visfatin及VEGF mRNA水平较正常对照组明显增高(P<0.01)。结论:糖尿病大鼠视网膜中Visfa-tin的表达增加,可能是导致增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)发展的重要因素之一,提示Visfatin在糖尿病视网膜病变发生过程中可能起重要作用。     

视网膜脱离合并视网膜囊肿的声像特征

目的:探讨视网膜脱离合并视网膜囊肿的超声图像特点。方法:应用眼科专用超声对27例(27只眼)视网膜脱离合并视网膜囊肿患者进行探查,记录玻璃体和视网膜情况。结果:本组23例(23只眼)为单发性视网膜囊肿,4例(4只眼)为多发性视网膜囊肿。声像图上表现为脱离的视网膜光带劈裂而形成圆形或椭圆形的无回声区。结论:视网膜脱离合并视网膜囊肿有特殊的影像表现,超声检查对其有重要诊断价值。     

树鼩形觉剥夺性近视模型的建立及观察

目的 建立树嗣性成熟期及成年早期形觉剥夺性近视(FDM)模型,探讨年龄在近视发生发展中的作用及以视网膜形态变化为主的局部视网膜机制与近视的关系.方法 4月龄和5月龄树鼩各30只,随机分为空白对照组、遮盖组.遮盖组右眼遮盖作为实验眼,左眼开放作为自身对照眼.用自制半透明眼罩建立形觉剥夺近视模型,然后撤出干预因素,分别于遮盖3周、6周测量各组屈光度及眼轴长度;于遮盖6周观察视网膜厚度及视网膜各层细胞数目变化情况.结果 4月龄和5月龄树鼩遮盖右眼3周后,遮盖眼远视度数均有所降低,但与自身对照眼相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而遮盖6周后:两组的屈光度和眼轴与对照眼比较均有明显差异(P＜0.05);在遮盖期间,形觉剥夺眼眼轴不断增长,近视度数也逐渐增加,二者有很好的直线负相关关系;并且4月龄组所诱导出的近视程度高于5月龄组(P＜0.05).形觉剥夺可引起各层视网膜普遍变薄,有核细胞层、感光细胞层、内核层、神经节细胞层中胞核数减少,排列稀疏紊乱.结论 形觉剥夺可以诱导性成熟期及成年早期树鼩的近视形成及视网膜形态发生变化.     

高度近视白内障超声乳化摘除术

目的：总结高度近视（眼轴长度28.61-33.95mm)白内障超声乳化术的疗效。方法：对白内障52例、74眼施行超声乳化术。结果：术后矫正视力≥0.3者38眼,占51.4%,0.1-0.3者29眼,占39.2%,0.02-0.1者7眼。占9.4%,术后发生视网膜脱离1眼。占1.4%。结论：高度近视白内障超声乳化术后视力恢复快,并发症少是较理想的手术方式。     

广角激光扫描检眼镜用于眼全科门诊近视患者周边视网膜病变筛查的研究

  目的  应用超广角激光扫描检眼镜检测“健康”近视人群中周边视网膜病变的发生情况,探讨其在眼科全科门诊进行近视患者周边视网膜病变筛查的可行性和意义。  方法  本研究采用回顾性分析,收集2021年10月—2022年3月于宁波大学附属人民医院眼科中心眼全科门诊就诊进行眼科体检的近视患者210例共210只右眼,根据等效球镜绝对值分为3组,低度近视组(≤3.00 D,43例)、中度近视组(3.00~6.00 D,98例)、高度近视组(≥6.00 D,69例)。IOL-Master测量眼轴和角膜曲率,应用Optomap Daytona 200T超广角激光扫描检眼镜拍摄视网膜,记录周边视网膜病变发生情况。  结果  患者年龄为(24.97±7.39)岁,等效球镜为(-5.02±2.11)D。周边视网膜病变检出率为30.95%(65例),视网膜非压迫白(WWOP)检出率为26.19%(55例), 格子样变性(LD)检出率为6.67%(14例)。其中高度近视组周边视网膜病变[46.38%(32例)]、WWOP[39.13%(27例)]检出率最高,低度近视组周边视网膜病变[11.63%(5例)]和WWOP[9.30%(4例)]检出率最低。高度近视组LD检出率[14.49%(10例)]高于中度近视组[3.06%(3例)]与低度近视组[2.32%(1例)]。近视眼周边视网膜病变检出率、WWOP检出率和LD检出率分别与近视等效球镜绝对值、眼轴呈正相关关系(均P < 0.05)。  结论  超广角激光扫描检眼镜是检查近视性周边视网膜病变的有用筛查工具。无论近视程度如何,都需要仔细进行周边眼底检查,以便更好地进行早期诊断和管理。      

透明质酸酶联合C_2F_6诱导兔眼玻璃体后脱离的实验研究

目的 :研究透明质酸酶联合 C2 F6玻璃体腔注药诱导兔眼玻璃体后脱离 (PVD)的效果及安全性。方法 :15只兔 (30只眼 )随机分 A、B、C 3组 ,每组 5只 ,每兔一眼为实验眼 ,另一眼为对照眼。A、B两组实验眼玻璃体腔注射 30 IU透明质酸酶 ,C组实验眼玻璃体腔注入 0 .1ml BSS溶液 ,注射后第 7d A组和 C组加注 C2 F60 .5 ml,对照眼均注射 0 .1ml BSS溶液。注射后前 10 d每天行临床裂隙灯、前置镜、检眼镜及 B超和暗适应视网膜电图 (ERG)检查 ,以后除每天常规临床检查外 ,每周复查 B超及 ERG,共观察 8周。处死后眼球标本送光镜和扫描、透射电镜检查。结果 :A组 5只实验眼完全性玻璃体后脱离 ,B组 3只实验眼不完全性玻璃体后脱离 ,C组实验眼和 3组对照眼均无玻璃体后脱离发生。 A、B、C组实验眼注药前后及与对照眼相比较 ,视网膜电图 a、b波振幅和潜伏期均无显著改变 (P>0 .0 5 )。光镜、电镜检查未发现视网膜组织有毒性改变。结论 :动物实验中临床观察结合 B超、扫描电镜有助于准确判断玻璃体后脱离与否。透明质酸酶联合 C2 F6玻璃体腔注药可诱导兔眼完全性玻璃体后脱离的发生 ,但无眼内毒性