骨科手术切口感染原因分析及对策

目的:分析引起骨科手术切口感染的原因及预防措施。方法:选择骨科手术治疗的1 560例患者,对切口感染情况进行回顾性分析,分析其原因并且探讨有效的预防措施。结果:2011年骨科手术切口感染发生率为1.43%,2012年无菌手术切口感染发生率为0.97%,总的感染率为1.22%。手术切口感染与患者年龄呈正相关。在5⁸月份手术切口感染发生率为2.16%,18月份手术切口感染发生率为2.16%,1⁴月份手术切口感染发生率为0.45%,94月份手术切口感染发生率为0.45%,9¹2月份手术切口感染发生率为1.07%。手术时间与切口感染率间呈正相关。结论:骨科手术切口感染原因与患者年龄、手术时间、手术月份等因素密切相关,针对性预防护理效果良好。     

腹腔镜结合胆管镜手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效分析

目的分析腹腔镜结合胆道镜手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析68例我院腹腔镜手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床资料,分析其手术方式、手术时间、手术成功率以及并发症发生率,总结其临床疗效。结果手术总时间平均为(135.3±61.4)min,手术成功率为97.06%,中转手术率为2.94%;术后并发症发生率为4.41%,均经治疗后痊愈。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石术是胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全、有效的手术方式,极大的提高了手术成功率,缩短了手术时间。     

普外科手术后引起手术部位感染的易感因素及预防策略分析

目的分析普通外科手术后引起手术部位感染的易感因素以及相应的预防措施。方法选取广东河源市和平县人民医院收治经普外科手术治疗的患者395例作为分析对象,分析患者治疗后的相关临床资料,分析手术部位感染的易感因素以及相应的预防措施。结果在100例患者经过普外科手术治疗后,发生手术部位感染的有15例患者,感染率为3.79%。阑尾切除术感染率最高,为7.14%,其次为乳腺肿物或肿瘤手术、肠道手术,感染率为5.00%。胃手术感染率为4.55%,其他手术感染率为6.82%。乳腺肿物或肿瘤手术、肠道手术感染率均为5.00%,对比差异无统计学意义。普外科手术引起手术部位感染的易感因素主要有污染类手术、患者内在原因、使用抗生素不规范以及手术时间相对比较长等。结论对于普外科手术引起手术部位感染的易感因素,需要积极采取有效的预防措施给予解决,如将手术时间缩短;加强改善患者的身体状况,给予患者提供充足的营养,以便增强其抵抗力;严格感控管理手术室以及合理服用抗生素药物等。     

眼科手术中全身意外发生的临床分析

目的分析眼科手术中的意外情况,为眼科手术安全进行积累经验。方法分析近2年来白内障手术及玻璃体视网膜手术中发生的手术意外。结果白内障手术过程中,发生意外2例,1例为紧张过度,1例为低血糖反应;在玻璃体视网膜手术中,发生意外3例,1例为不能耐受手术,1例为出现脑部症状,1例心跳呼吸骤停。结论合理安排手术时间、术前充分沟通、正确评估手术耐受程度、术中心电监护、多学科协作是应对手术意外发生的有效手段。糖尿病患者是发生意外的高危人群。     

巨大肾上腺肿瘤的手术配合

目的探讨巨大肾上腺肿瘤切除术的手术配合。方法 24例巨大肾上腺肿瘤患者,其中6例实施经后腹腔镜行肾上腺肿瘤切除术,18例行开放手术。结果 24例患者手术均获成功。肿瘤大小:后腹腔镜下手术为5cm×4cm×3cm～8.5cm×8cm×4.5cm,开放手术为5cm×4cm×4cm～18cm×11.3cm×9.2cm。手术时间:后腹腔镜手术为1h30min～4h10min,平均2h40min;开放手术为1h10min～5h40min,平均2h25min。输血:后腹腔镜手术为0～800ml;开放手术为,0～1 200ml。结论充分的术前准备,对手术径路清晰的认识,密切的术中配合,是有效的提高手术效率,缩短手术时间,保证手术成功的关键因素。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ类切口手术部位医院感染监测分析及对策

目的：探讨Ⅰ、Ⅱ类切口手术部位医院感染的危险因素,进一步提供干预措施。方法：采取前瞻性调查与回顾性调查相结合方式,对医院2012年手术科室住院患者Ⅰ、Ⅱ类切口手术部位医院感染情况进行分析。结果：手术病例4 285例,发生手术部位相关性医院感染共17例,感染率为0.40%;Ⅰ类切口手术1 044例,发生医院感染2例,感染率为0.19%;Ⅱ类切口手术3 241例,发生医院感染15例,感染率为0.46%。按不同手术危险指数级别统计：危险指数评分为0分病例共1 764例,未发生手术部位感染病例;危险指数评分为1分病例共1 479例,发生手术部位感染4例,感染率为0.41%;危险指数评分为2分病例共978例,发生手术部位感染11例,感染率为1.12%;危险指数评分为3分病例共64例,发生手术部位感染2例,感染率为3.12%。结论：对不同危险指数手术患者进行针对性主动实施全程监测跟踪,及时控制和降低危险,可有效降低手术切口感染率。     

甲状腺癌再次手术的原因

[摘要] 　目的:探讨甲状腺癌再次手术的原因、手术方式及对病人的影响。方法:对我院1995年--2006年收治的78例甲状腺癌再次手术的病例进行回顾性分析。结果: 78例甲状腺癌再次手术病例中, 55例为甲状腺癌误诊为甲状腺良性病变,手术切除范围不够; 16例为首次手术后病理切片证实切缘有癌细胞残留; 7例为甲状腺癌术后复发。二次手术中甲状腺及周围组织中残癌率为46%;颈部淋巴结残癌率为42%。结论:甲状腺癌误诊为良性病变是造成再次手术的主要原因;强调甲状腺手术中快速冰冻切片检查的常规应用,选择恰当的手术方式,是避免甲状腺癌再次手术的关键。     

甲状腺癌再次手术的原因及对策

目的探讨甲状腺癌再次手术的原因、手术方式及对患者的影响。方法对78例甲状腺癌再次手术的病例进行回顾性分析。结果78例甲状腺癌再次手术病例中,55例为甲状腺癌误诊为甲状腺良性病变,手术切除范围不够;16例为首次手术后病理切片证实切缘有癌细胞残留;7例为甲状腺癌术后复发。二次手术中甲状腺及周围组织中残癌率为46%;颈部淋巴结残癌率为42%。结论甲状腺癌误诊为良性病变是造成再次手术的主要原因;强调甲状腺手术中快速冰冻切片检查的常规应用,选择恰当的手术方式,是避免甲状腺癌再次手术的关键。     

手术中患者加强保温护理的效果分析

目的探讨手术中加强保温护理的临床效果。方法选取2009年11月-2010年11月期间进行手术治疗的患者128例,随机分成观察组、对照组各64例,对照组进行常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上加强保温护理,比较两组患者的不同时间点体温情况。结果经分组护理后,观察组在手术开始时体温为(36.53±0.24)℃,手术开始40min体温为(36.50±0.23)℃,手术开始90分钟min为(36.44±0.21)℃,手术结束时体温为(36.20±0.19)℃;对照组在手术开始时体温为(36.61±0.19)℃,手术开始40min体温为(35.98±0.21)℃,手术开始90min体温为(35.25±0.20)℃,手术结束时体温为(35.58±0.17)℃。结论加强保温护理干预可显著提高手术效果和患者对手术护理工作的满意度,值得临床推广使用。     

手术并发症 160 例原因分析

目的 探讨手术并发症发生的原因,为预防手术并发症的发生提供依据.方法 回顾我院2012年发生手术并发症的160例住院病人资料,统计分析手术并发症的高危因素.结果 手术并发症发生率为1.07％,营养状态、易栓体质、术前合并糖尿病或心肺疾病、手术方式、术中操作、手术时间、术后患者活动及患者对医嘱依从性均为手术并发症的高危因素.结论 医院的管理重点应放在重点手术、多发科室、手术并发症的高危因素上,针对围手术期的医疗质量存在的问题及原因进行分析改进,持续改善医疗质量.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.