Pemberton手术加短缩截骨治疗大龄发育性髋脱位临床分析

[目的]应用Pemberton截骨术加股骨近端粗隆下短缩旋转截骨为主多种辅助手段一期手术治疗大龄发育性髋脱位,评估术后髋脱位股骨头坏死和关节僵硬的发生率.[方法]自2002年6月～2006年12月用Pemberton截骨术加股骨粗隆下短缩旋转截骨为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄(7～14岁)发育性髋脱位149例,随访到101例(136髋),随访1年2个月～5年6个月,平均2年7个月.辅助手段包括:(1)术中髂腰机及内收肌切断;(2)单髋人字石膏制动;(3)术后4～6周拆石膏住院CPM活动髋关节加主动功能锻炼;(4)髋关节早活动晚负重.[结果]术后髋关节脱位16髋,占11.76%.按照Salter提出的股骨头坏死的诊断标准,136髋中股骨头坏死38髋占27.94%.髋关节屈曲少于90°者31髋占22.79%.[结论]Pemberton髋臼周围截骨结合股骨粗隆下短缩截骨一期手术治疗大龄发育性髋脱位,疗效可靠,降低了术后再脱位、股骨头坏死率及髋关节僵硬等并发症的发生率.     

三种不同手术方法治疗发育性髋关节脱位的疗效比较

目的观察Salter骨盆截骨术、髋臼造盖术、Pemberton髋臼成形术3种方法治疗发育性髋关节脱位的疗效,为临床上选择适当的术式提供依据。方法回顾性分析我院在1990年至2002年采用这3种术式治疗发育性髋关节脱位94例111髋的临床资料。结果平均随访52个月,Salter骨盆截骨术优良率84.4%,髋臼造盖术优良率70.6%,Pemberton髋臼成形术优良率86.7%。Salter骨盆截骨术、髋臼造盖术、Pemberton髋臼成形术髋臼角(AI)改善分别为14.3±4.98,19.7±5.46,20.4±6.87;头臼指数(AHI)为0.79±0.18,0.91±0.17,0.93±0.14。结论Salter骨盆截骨术、Pemberton髋臼成形术的疗效优于髋臼造盖术;Pemberton髋臼成形术、髋臼造盖术对髋臼形态的改善优于Salter骨盆截骨术。3种手术方式均是治疗先天性髋关节脱位的有效方法。     

单纯Pemberton髋臼成形术与联合股骨粗隆下旋转缩短截骨术治疗发育性髋关节脱位

目的:回顾性比较单纯Pemberton髋臼成形术与联合股骨粗隆下旋转缩短截骨手术治疗发育性髋关节脱位的临床疗效。方法:2004年1月至2009年1月,对采用单纯Pemberton髋臼成形术或Pemberton髋臼成形术联合股骨粗隆下旋转缩短截骨手术治疗且获随访的141例发育性髋关节脱位患者的资料进行回顾性分析,其中57例采用单纯Pemberton髋臼成形术治疗(单纯髋臼成形手术组),男12例,女45例,年龄3～8岁;84例采用Pemberton髋臼成形术联合股骨粗隆下旋转缩短截骨手术治疗(联合手术组),男15例,女69例,年龄4～9岁。比较2组术后并发症及术后2年进行Severin放射学评价,并采用Mckay临床评定标准评价2组疗效。结果:单纯髋臼成形手术组患者随访30～52个月,平均38个月;联合手术组患者随访32～51个月,平均37个月。单纯髋臼成形手术组7例再脱位,4例股骨头坏死,5例关节僵硬;联合手术组无再脱位、股骨头坏死、患肢缩短,2例关节僵硬。术后2年McKay临床疗效评定结果:单纯髋臼成形手术组优27髋,良18髋,可12髋;联合手术组优52髋,良25髋,可7髋。联合手术组疗效优于单纯髋臼成形手术组。Severin X线评定标准结果:单纯髋臼成形手术组优27髋,良15髋,可15髋;联合手术组中优53髋,良22髋,可9髋。联合手术组优于单纯髋臼成形手术组。结论:与单纯髋臼成形手术相比,联合手术治疗发育性髋关节脱位在术后减少严重并发症及功能恢复方面有明显优势。联合手术组患者对术后综合结果更为满意。     

Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位

目的　应用Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位 ,从而降低术后髋关节脱位、僵硬和股骨头坏死发生率。方法　自 1989年 8月 - 1999年 8月 ,用Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童 (7～ 14岁 )先天性髋脱位 4 6例 (5 8髋 ) ,随访 2～ 9年 ,平均 5年 3个月。辅助手段包括 :①髂腰肌及内收肌切断 ,股骨髁上骨牵引 ;②股骨粗隆下旋转加短缩截骨 ;③单髋人字石膏制动 ;④髋关节早活动 ,晚负重 ;⑤术后被动活动髋关节加主动功能锻炼。结果　髋关节完全复位率10 0 % ,髋关节屈曲小于 90°者 4髋 ,占 6 9% ,按Salter提出的股骨头坏死诊断标准 4 6例 (5 8髋 )中 ,股骨头坏死 6髋 ,占 10 3% ,明显降低了大龄儿童先天性髋脱位术后髋关节僵硬、股骨头坏死率。结论　Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位疗效确切 ,优良率高。     

髋臼造盖股骨粗隆下旋转截骨术矫正髋部畸形的疗效分析

目的 探讨髋部畸形功能障碍患者行髋臼造盖股骨粗隆下旋转截骨术的疗效.方法 对7例陈旧性股骨粗隆间骨折畸形愈合,颈干角增大或变小(右侧5例,髋外翻,颈干角＞145°;左侧2例,髋内翻,颈干角＜110°)行粗隆下旋转截骨术;另外2例陈旧性髋关节脱位伴股骨上端畸形行髋臼造盖股骨粗隆下旋转截骨术.结果 术后随访2～4年,2例髋...     

两种截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的荟萃分析

[目的]对比分析Salter截骨术、Pemberton截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的临床疗效和安全性。[方法]从Pubmed、Embase、CNKI、维普和万方等数据库搜索、获得关于Salter截骨术、Pemberton截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的相关研究,按纳入与排除标准进行筛选,符合条件的文献纳入本研究,采用Ran Man 5.3软件进行荟萃分析,比较两种术式的McKay髋关节功能评级优良率、中心边缘角(CE)改善情况、髋臼指数改善情况和股骨头坏死率。[结果]共纳入7篇病例对照研究;涉及596例患者,其中Salter截骨术组315例,Pemberton截骨术组381例。荟萃分析结果显示:两种截骨术在McKay髋关节功能评级优良率(RR=1.04,95%CI 0.97, 1.11,P=0.31),CE角改善情况(WMD=-1.18,95%CI-4.30,1.94,P=0.46)的差异无统计学意义;但是,在改善髋臼指数方面,Pemberton截骨组显著优于Salter截骨组(WMD=-6.18,95%CI-9.66,-2.69,P0.001);而Salter截骨术的股骨头坏死率明显低于Pemberton截骨术(OR=0.34,95%CI 0.12,0.98,P=0.05)。[结论] Salter截骨术与Pemberton截骨术均是治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的有效手术方式,在改善髋臼指数方面,Pemberton截骨术优于Salter截骨术,但Salter截骨术在降低股骨头坏死率方面明显优于Pemberton截骨术。     

联合截骨术治疗学龄前儿童髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合Salter骨盆截骨术治疗学龄前儿重髋关节发育不良（DDH）的疗效.方法 2006年1月至2012年6月,对22例（22髋）学龄前儿童DDH患者施行股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合Salter骨盆截骨手术.根据Crowe分型,6例为Ⅲ型,16例为Ⅳ型.采用周永德等DDH疗效评定标准对术后疗效进行评价.结果 22例（22髋）术后随访6～24个月,平均14个月.所有患者术后切口无感染,无神经、血管损伤,无一例发生股骨头坏死及术后脱位,无髋关节疼痛.根据周永德等DDH疗效评定标准,优16例,良4例,可2例,优良率为90.9％.结论 股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合髋关节切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术治疗学龄前儿童DDH,可有效重建髋关节功能,是一种理想的治疗方法.     

Pemberton截骨联合股骨截骨治疗高位脱位型发育性髋关节脱位

目的 探讨高位脱位型发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)手术治疗的体会.方法 65例高位脱位型DDFI,测量髋臼指数、股骨颈前倾角,手术行Pemberton髂骨截骨、股骨粗隆下短缩旋转截骨.结果 髋关节脱位完全复位,髋臼指数恢复到平均21以下,股骨颈前倾角恢复到平均15.1.术后早期获得满意头臼对位,髋关节功能恢复良好.术后3个月以上出现髋关节半脱位和脱位5例,术后1年出现股骨头坏死3例.结论 高位脱位型DDH采取手术综合治疗可取得良好的效果.     

综合术式治疗小儿先天性髋脱位88例分析

目的 :回顾性分析从 1 985年 1月～ 1 995年 1月采用综合术式治疗先天性髋脱位 88例 (96髋 )的临床效果及影响因素。方法 :按患儿年龄分 3组 ,结合其病理选择手术方法 ,包括切开复位、骨盆截骨、粗隆下旋转截骨或同时股骨短缩。平均纠正前倾角 45°,切除股骨 1 .5cm。 2 .5～ 3 .5岁行Salter术 2 2髋、Salter 股骨截骨 7髋 ;3 .5～ 5岁行Salter 股骨截骨 1 9髋、Chiari 股骨截骨 1 6髋、髋臼造盖 股骨截骨 9髋 ;5岁以上行髋臼造盖 Chiari 股骨截骨 2 3髋。结果 :获随访 65例 70髋 ,平均随访 6 .5年 (4～ 1 4年 )。按Mckay临床评定标准 ,优良者 61髋占 87% ;可 3髋占 4 .3 % ;差 6髋占 8.6 %。差中有 3髋因半脱位再手术。 3髋有头坏死占 4 .3 %。结论 :根据患儿及其病理选择综合术式纠正头臼异常改变 ,恢复髋关节功能 ,减少复发 ,为一项实用方法。     

改良Chiari截骨髋臼加盖延伸成形术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位58例远期疗效观察

[目的]探讨应用改良Chiari截骨髋臼加盖延伸成形术治疗发育性髋关节脱位的方法与疗效,减少再脱位、股骨头坏死等并发症的发生.[方法]1998年5月～2007年10月采用改良Chiari截骨+髋臼加盖延伸成形/联合股骨近端短缩旋转截骨术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位58例(63髋)为治疗组,随机选取同时期Chiari截骨术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位60例(60髋)为对照组.[结果]两组术后均随访5 ～ 12年,两组手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量比较无统计学意义,再脱位并发症、远期功能疗效满意度方面均有显著统计学差异.[结论]应用改良Chiari截骨+髋臼加盖延伸成形/联合股骨近端短缩旋转截骨术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位疗效好,容易掌握,治疗风险较低;便于在相关医疗机构推广应用.     

Modified Pemberton acetabuloplasty for the treatment of congenital hip dysplasia

Since 1986, the author has been performing a modified Pemberton acetabuloplasty (MPA) with the deliberate aim of producing a greenstick fracture at the sciatic notch. This procedure was performed in 16 girls representing 17 hips. Nine hips (eight patients) were dislocated. Eight hips (eight patients) had residual or primary acetabular dysplasia. In all dislocated hips and in a teratologic sub-luxation, the MPA osteotomy was performed concomitantly with an open reduction and a femoral shortening. All femoral heads remained well covered, with one exception. One hip had a type III avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Two other hips had evidence of premature growth arrest at maturity without previous signs of avascular necrosis. Two hips had arrest of the triradiate cartilage. The contour of the obturator foramen changed in 10 of the 17 hips. This osteotomy is easier to perform than either a Salter or a Pemberton osteotomy. There was no difficulty in obtaining the desired coverage of the femoral head.     

Pemberton osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip in older children

The authors reviewed the results of the Pemberton osteotomy as treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in 17 hips treated after 7 years of age. Twelve hips required one or more concomitant surgical procedures. The average age at the time of the osteotomy was 9.3 years, and the average follow-up was 9.4 years. Using modified McKay's clinical criteria, 14 hips were classified as excellent or good. Using Severin's radiographic classification, 13 hips met class I-II criteria. Two patients who preoperatively showed Kalamchi and MacEwen's group IV severe avascular necrosis, plus two patients whose necessary acetabular coverage was not achieved by the Pemberton osteotomy without femoral varus osteotomy, were found to meet Severin's class III-IV criteria. Pemberton osteotomy can be an effective procedure for older children in whom progressive acetabular development is not expected, although this osteotomy may have to be combined with other operative procedures.     

Treatment of hip dislocation after walking age

Between 1979 and 1981, 35 patients were treated at our institution. All patients were more than 18 months of age and 50 congenitally dislocated hips were treated. The average age at operation was 7 years and 3 months. Whereas children under the age of 6 were typically operated upon by open reduction and Salter, Pemberton, or Dega osteotomy partly combined with femoral osteotomy, in the group of the patients older than 6 years with high iliac hip dislocations, a method was used to avoid femoral shortening. By means of the Wagner distractor the dislocated hips were brought opposite to the acetabulum. This procedure was followed by femoral osteotomy and in most cases Chiari pelvic osteotomy. Despite a number of complications the results turned out better than expected. Compared with the preoperative X-ray classifications (Severin) the postoperative result was excellent in 10 cases, good in 20, fair in 15, and poor in 1 case.     

Pemberton髋臼成形术治疗发育性髋关节脱位

目的：探讨分析Pemberton髋臼成形术在发育性髋脱位的治疗上具有哪些优势。方法：采用Pemberton髋臼成形术治疗儿童发育性髋脱位106例116髋,男19例29髋,女87例87髋。左侧46髋,右侧50髋,双侧20髋。年龄18个月～13岁,平均7岁3个月,其中18个月～6岁99髋,7～13岁17髋。116髋均采用Pemberton髋臼成形术或内收肌、髂腰肌切断加Pemberton髋臼成形术加转子下股骨短缩、旋转截骨术。95髋单纯行Pemberton髋臼成形术,余21髋行全套手术。双侧髋脱位患儿均先做一侧,1年后再做另一侧,同时将第1次手术股骨内固定钢板取除。结果：病例随访时间2～10年,平均6年。按照Mullerh和Seddon标准进行功能评定,优67髋,良34髋,可10髋,差5髋,优良率87%。结论：Pemberton髋臼成形术适用于多个年龄段的儿童发育性髋脱位患者,疗效肯定,在发育性髋脱位的治疗中占有重要地位。     

One-stage hip reconstruction in late neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip presenting in children above 8 years of age

Purpose  To assess the clinical and radiological results of one-stage hip reconstruction for late neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children above 8 years of age. Methods  Nineteen hips in 16 patients, 14 females and two males (three being bilateral), were treated by open reduction adequate shortening (up to 5 cm) with derotation, and limited varization if needed, tight capsulorrhaphy, and appropriate pelvic reconstruction (Salter or triple acetabular osteotomy). The average age at operation 10.6 years (range 8–18 years). The period of follow up ranged from 3 to 9 years. A modified approach for the hip joint and upper femur was utilized, allowing better exposure. Pre- and post-operative plain radiography was performed for all cases and at follow up. Computed tomography (CT) or multislice CT with 3D reconstruction were carried out pre-operatively for recent cases and post-operatively for all, and were found to be helpful in providing a panorama of the dysplastic hip and in planning the required surgery and assessing the results. Results  According to the McKay modified criteria, 15 hips (79%) were clinically excellent to good, while four hips (21%) were fair to poor. Radiographically, according to the Severin modified criteria, 16 hips (84%) were excellent to good and three hips (16%) were fair to poor. Limb length discrepancy ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 cm, as measured by CT scanograms. Complications were avascular necrosis (AVN) in an early case due to limited femoral shortening with resultant excessive stress over the femoral head and subluxation in another case. Conclusion  A one-stage hip reconstruction for late neglected cases of DDH have achieved excellent results if adequate shortening with derotation is performed, together with appropriate acetabular reconstruction and tight capsulorrhaphy. Varization should not replace part or all of the required shortening, and should be added if required.     

Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的疗效。方法采用Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗39例(44髋)发育性髋关节脱位患儿。结果患儿均获随访,时间6～24个月。按照吉士俊等疗效评定标准进行评定:优35髋,良6髋,可3髋,优良率达93.2%。结论Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗学龄前儿童发育性髋关节脱位效果良好。     

A combination pelvic osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia in children

Several surgical procedures have been devised to increase acetabular coverage of the femoral head in children with dysplasia of the hip. In this report we describe an acetabuloplasty that combines the key aspects of the Pemberton and Salter osteotomies. It has been used at the Los Angeles Unit of the Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children since the late 1960's. To assess the results of this combination procedure, fifty hips in forty-four children were evaluated at an average of six years postoperatively. The average age at operation was 7.3 years, and 62 per cent of the patients had had prior surgery. Clinically, thirty-two hips in which there had been no or slight symptoms preoperatively remained unchanged, twelve that had had preoperative limitations improved, and six showed some deterioration in terms of slight loss of motion, mild pain, and a limp. Roentgenographically, acetabular dysplasia (as measured by the acetabular index and by the center-edge angle of Wiberg) improved in more than 90 per cent of the hips. The roentgenographic results were comparable with those obtained by innominate or pericapsular osteotomy. The combination osteotomy has the advantages of both the Pemberton procedure and the Salter operation and proved to be an excellent surgical procedure for older children whose acetabular development did not progress as well as was expected.     

One-stage treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in older children, including femoral shortening

We reviewed the results of primary operative treatment in twenty-five patients (thirty-three hips) who were two years or older and had congenital dislocation of the hip. None of the patients had had previous treatment for the dislocation. Preliminary traction was not used in any patient. Femoral shortening and, in twenty-one hips, pelvic osteotomy were performed at the time of open reduction. At the most recent follow-up (average, three years and seven months), according to the radiographic classification system of Severin, there were seven excellent, seventeen good, and eight fair results; one hip had a poor result. Avascular necrosis developed in three of the thirty-three hips. At follow-up, these hips had a radiographic result of excellent, good, and fair, respectively. Twenty-one patients (twenty-eight hips) were reviewed with respect to range of motion and recovery from limb-length discrepancy. According to the rating system of Ferguson and Howorth, there were seventeen excellent, seven good, and three fair results; one hip had a poor result. It was concluded that children who are two years or older and who have a congenital dislocation of the hip can safely be treated with an extensive one-stage operation consisting of open reduction combined with femoral shortening and, often, pelvic osteotomy, without increasing the risk of avascular necrosis. The limb-length discrepancy that is produced by the shortening does not appear to cause a clinical problem.     

应用改良Pemberton骨盆截骨术治疗6岁以上发育性髋关节发育不良患儿的中期随访结果

目的探讨应用改良Pemberton骨盆截骨术治疗6岁以上发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)患儿的中期疗效。方法对2001年1月至2017年12月内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院小儿骨科采用改良Pemberton骨盆截骨术联合或不联合股骨转子下旋转短缩截骨术一期手术治疗的DDH患儿60例(74髋)的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中男22例,女38例;手术时年龄(8.20±2.56)(6~15)岁。左侧20例,右侧26例,双侧14例。术前Tonnis分级Ⅱ级38髋(51.35%),Ⅲ级10髋(13.51%),Ⅳ级26髋(35.14%)。联合应用股骨转子下旋转短缩截骨52例(61髋),未联合应用股骨转子下旋转短缩截骨8例(13髋)。初次治疗50例(64髋),残余畸形治疗10例(10髋)。依照年龄将全部患者分为6岁≤年龄<8岁组和年龄≥8岁组。采集术前Tonnis分级和髋臼指数(AI)以及末次随访AI、中心边缘角(CE)和股骨头缺血坏死(AVN)发生情况并进行比较;采用McKay临床评定标准和Severin影像学评定标准分别对术后患者髋关节功能和放射学结果进行评估。采用χ2检验,单因素筛选及多因素logistic回归模型对数据进行统计学分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果全部患者均获得随访,随访时间为(5.86±3.63)(2~17)年。术前AI=(37.18±10.67)°;末次随访AI=(14.11±5.76)°,CEA=(38.59±11.46)°。术后Severin评价优良率为71.6%,McKay评价优良率为74.3%;AVN发生率为18.9%(12例,14髋)。2个年龄组患者McKay评分和Severin评分差异均无统计学意义(P=0.135,0.129)。是否出现AVN(均P<0.001)和术前Tonnis分级(P=0.002,<0.001)是影响术后McKay和Severin评分的主要因素。结论改良Pemberton骨盆截骨术是治疗6岁以上DDH患儿有效安全的手术方式;发生AVN和术前Tonnis分级较高是影响预后的独立危险因素。