巨噬细胞内的炎症小体在眼内炎发生中的作用机制探讨

眼内炎是一种非常严重的致盲性疾病,一旦发生将造成急性视力下降甚至眼球萎缩.巨噬细胞是炎症反应的中心环节,炎症小体(inflammasome)是巨噬细胞中参与免疫反应的重要组成部分.鉴于巨噬细胞在非特异性免疫反应的诱发调节中起关键作用,如果明确眼内炎发生早期的巨噬细胞相关的抗感染免疫机制,可能为眼内炎的诊治开辟一条新的途径.     

近十年国内眼科领域获得专利项目的分析

目的汇总分析近十年国内眼科领域发明型和实用新型专利的亚领域、申请人及地域分布等特点。 方法在IncoPat科技创新情报平台(简称"ncoPat"，http：//www.incopat.com)，分别以国际专利分类表中A61B3、A61B5/0496、A61B8/10、A61F9、A61H5/00、A61H35/02及A61P27/02-A61P27/14为检索分类号，以眼科亚领域涉及眼科检查或色觉异常、眼睑或眼表、屈光或斜弱视、白内障、青光眼、眼底病及神经眼科或葡萄膜炎或眼眶病方面的关键词作为检索关键词，检索2010年1月1日至2020年7月22日眼科领域的发明型和实用新型专利。逐项记录近十年眼科领域发明型和实用新型专利各年度的数量、各眼科亚领域的数量及占比、发明型专利数量排名前十位申请人及其发明型和实用新型专利的数量以及中国各区域发明型和实用新型专利的数量等指标。将眼科领域各年度的发明型和实用新型专利的数量，以文字、柱形图及折线图的形式进行描述。将各眼科亚领域发明型和实用新型专利数量占眼科领域的发明型和实用新型专利数量的百分比，以文字和饼图的形式进行描述。将眼科领域申请人按发明数量以降序方式排列，取排名前十位的申请人及其发明型和实用新型专利的数量，采用文字和柱形图的形式进行描述。将发明型和实用新型专利的申请人地域分布采用文字和表格的形式进行描述。 结果十年间，国内眼科领域的发明型和实用新型专利共有36 540件。其中，发明型专利24 488件(已授权专利7058件)，实用新型专利12 052件。2010年至2014年间，发明型和实用新型专利数量平稳增长；2014年至2019年间，发明型和实用新型专利数量快速增长，特别是2019年较2018年的增长速度尤为明显。排名前三位的亚领域分别为眼科检查或色觉异常占31%、眼睑或眼表占19%及眼底病占15%。从申请人看，发明数量排名前十位的均为企业，其中8家企业为国际企业，2家为国内企业。其中，排名前3位的企业分别为美国的直观外科手术操作公司有346件发明型专利，美国的诺华股份有限公司有255件发明型专利，而日本的佳能株式会社则有237件发明型专利和2件实用新型专利；2家国内企业分别为深圳市精锋医疗科技有限公司有116件发明型专利和14件实用新型专利，成都博恩思医学机器人有限公司则有109件发明型专利和67件实用新型专利。从申请人地域分布来看，首先华东地区申请的数量最多为13 576件，大幅领先于其他地区；其次为华南地区有4321件；再次为华北地区有3697件；西北地区有953件。 结论需提升专利申请质量；关注眼科热点领域和技术空白点；加强专利保护意识，完善知识产权管理制度；西北地区有待加大投入、提高科研人员的积极性和创新性。     

正视眼人群角膜不同范围的非球面性评价

目的初步探索正视眼人群角膜Q值的分布。方法对来我院健康体检的正视眼192人（384眼）进行裸眼远视力、电脑验光、裂隙灯、直接检眼镜和角膜地形图检测，并对结果进行统计学分析。结果本组人群角膜前表面曲率半径R为（7.80±0．23）mm。Q10值为=-0．083±0.098．Q15值为-0.119±0.097．Q20值为-0．149±0.104．Q25值为-0.200±0、107，Q30值为-0．262±0．104；角膜前表面Q值越近中央部越接近0，越靠近周边越向负值增加的方向变化。不同性别角膜不同范围平均Q值无明显差异性（P〉0．05）。Q25与Q30在不同年龄组之间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）．45岁以上组的Q25和Q30值与其他年龄组相比偏大，差别有显著性（P〈0．05）。Q30与角膜前表面曲率半径呈负相关（r=-0.115，P〈0．05）。各范围Q值均与年龄无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论正视眼人群角膜前表面中央接近于球形，越到周边越趋于平坦。     

深圳早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果分析

目的 了解深圳地区三间医院早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）发病情况。方法 2004年 1月至2007年1月，对深圳市人民医院、深圳市妇幼保健院和深圳市眼科医院三间医院出生体重<2000g的早产儿或根据儿科医生的要求超过以上标准但患有严重疾病的早产儿共1372例2744只眼采用双目间接检眼镜和（或）广角数码儿童视网膜成像系统（RetCamII）进行 ROP筛查，发现阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型ROP及时进行冷冻或激光 光 凝治疗。所有患儿随访至视网膜完全血管化或病变退化。结果 所有早产儿中218例436只眼发生ROP，发病率15.9％，其中阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型ROP190只眼，发病率6.9％；4~5期ROP 16只眼，发病率0.6%；未到阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型ROP 230只眼，发病率8.4 %。出生体重≤1500 g者435例870只眼，占所有筛查对象的31.7％；236只眼发生ROP，发病 率27.1%：其中阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型ROP 126只眼，发病率14.5％；4~5期ROP10只眼，发病 率1.1%，未到阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型ROP 100只眼，发病率11.5%。出生体重≤1250 g者274 只眼，占所有筛查对象的10％；108只眼发生ROP，发病率39.4%：其中阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型 RO P 60只眼，发病率21.9%；4~5期ROP 4只眼，发病率1.4%；未到阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型ROP 4 4 只眼，发病率16％。所有早产儿、出生体重≤1500g者和出生体重≤1250g者的RO P发病率（χ²=60.43，P<0.001）、阈值或阈 值前期Ⅰ型ROP发病率（χ²=46.82，P<0001）和未到阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型ROP发病 率 （χ²=10.71，P=0.005）比较，差异均有统计学意义。结论 深圳地区三间医院早产儿ROP的总体发生率较 低，但需要治疗的阈值或阈值前期Ⅰ型重症ROP发病率高。出生体重是影响ROP发病 率的重要因素。     

阿托品在大龄弱视儿童治疗中的应用

弱视是影响儿童视觉发育最常见的眼病。弱视的患者不仅单眼或双眼视力明显低下,更重要的是有可能失去双眼平衡及立体视。三百多年来,遮盖法作为治疗弱视的经典疗法广泛应用于临床。但遮盖一眼后,一方面不利于双眼立体视的建立,可能形成遮盖性弱视;另一方面,年龄虽然是影响弱视治疗效果的重要因素,但患者治疗的依从性对疗效的影响也至关重要。基于上述原因,遮盖疗法对大龄弱视儿童的治愈率及治疗的疗程受到相应的制约。因此,阿托品疗法(尤其是光学药物压抑疗法)被一些患者,特别是大龄弱视儿童(7岁以上)广泛接受。因为它既能给患儿一个被迫依从的治疗过程又能压抑主眼,同时给双眼共同视物的机会,以利于双眼视功能的建立。并且这种治疗方法有效地解决了患者因为美容或其他原因不愿意接受遮盖的问题。下面我们就阿托品压抑疗法在大龄儿童(7岁以上)弱视治疗中的应用进行综述。     

Changes in organ of vision in proliferative diseases of hematopoietic system in children

Leukemias and lymphomas are the most common neoplasms of hematopoietic system in children. The aim of the study was to determine ophthalmological signs in these disaeses referring to available literature.     

临床路径在睫状体冷冻术治疗难治性青光眼中的应用

目的:分析临床路径在睫状体冷冻治疗难治性青光眼中的实施价值。方法:在我科2011-01/12行睫状体冷冻治疗难治性青光眼的患者中,以进入临床路径的23例24眼为路径组,以未采用临床路径的20例20眼为对照组,比较两组患者平均住院日、术前平均住院日、平均住院费用、治愈率、患者满意度指标。结果:两组手术有效率相当(83%vs80%);路径组平均住院日、平均住院费用均少于对照组(4.2dvs8.3d,2138元vs2787元),患者满意度高于对照组(96%vs85%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在睫状体冷冻治疗难治性青光眼中应用临床路径有利于规范手术操作、确保手术成功,提高工作效率,改善医疗服务质量。     

小鼠氧诱导视网膜新生血管形成中促红细胞生成素的变化

目的:观察C57BL/6小鼠氧诱导视网膜新生血管病变模型(oxygen-induced retinopathy,OIR)眼内促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)含量的变化。方法:新生C57BL/6小鼠20只,随机分为实验组(n=10)和对照组(n=10)。实验组小鼠于出生后7d(P7)与母鼠共置于密闭的氧箱,含氧75±5mL/L,共培养5d(P5)后回到正常氧环境,含氧20±1mL/L,建立OIR模型。对照组小鼠不进入氧箱,与母鼠一同饲养于正常氧环境。于P17处死各组小鼠,摘取右眼眼球制作组织切片,HE染色后行病理组织学检查,计数突破内界膜视网膜新生血管(retinal neovascularization,RNV)内皮细胞核数。采用放射免疫法测定实验组和对照组小鼠左眼视网膜组织EPO含量。结果:实验组小鼠视网膜突破内界膜RNV内皮细胞核计数为80.0±6.2个,而对照组仅为1.0±0.9个,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组视网膜EPO含量为80.8±20.7U/L,对照组为14.4±6.8U/L,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且视网膜组织EPO表达与RNV增生程度呈明显正相关(r=0.58,P<0.01)。结论:小鼠视网膜新生血管形成与眼球局部EPO上调有关。     

山东省滕州市2676名农村小学生沙眼患病调查

目的 调查山东省滕州市农村小学生的沙眼患病情况.方法 采用以人群为基础的横断面调查方法.2008年4月至7月期间,在由山东省防盲办公室组织的山东省50岁及以上人群盲与低视力眼病流行病学调查中,在4个调查县(市、区)之一的滕州市采用随机整群抽样方法抽取27个村为调查点.将调查点所在地的16所农村小学进行编号,应用单纯随机抽样方法抽取8所小学,共2742名小学生,实查2676人,受检率为97.60%.采用世界卫生组织沙眼简易分期标准,在3倍放大镜下进行检查和记录.沙眼患病率的比较采用χ2检验进行分析.结果 2676名受检小学生中,检出活动性沙眼593例,患病率为22.16%[95%可信区间(CI):20.59%～23.73%];受检女性的沙眼患病率为25.79%(276/1070),高于男性的患病率19.74%(317/1606)(χ2=13.653,P=0.000).各年龄组之间沙眼患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=9.389,P=0.052).各级沙眼滤泡性沙眼、浸润性沙眼、瘢痕性沙眼的患病率分别为5.68%(152/2676)、19.21%(514/2676)、0.56%(15/2676);女性浸润性沙眼的患病率22.90%(245/1070)高于男生16.75%(269/1606)(χ2=15.638,P=0.000);滤泡性沙眼、瘢痕性沙眼的患病率在男女性之间差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);全部受检小学生中无沙眼性倒睫和角膜混浊病例发生.结论 山东省滕州市农村小学生沙眼患病率较高.建议采取群体普遍应用抗生素、改善个人卫生和居住环境、建立和完善初级眼保健体系等干预措施.     

Demographics of corneal transplantation in Canada in 2004

BACKGROUND: Penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) is the most frequently performed transplant surgery, and one of the most successful, yet no national study on the demographics of corneal transplantation in Canada has been published to date. The objectives of this study were to determine demographics of Canadian corneal transplant surgeons, donor tissue availability and waitlist length for each province, and limiting factors for the number of PKPs performed in Canada. METHODS: An anonymous voluntary survey of all Canadian corneal transplant surgeons was conducted between June and September 2004, with a concurrent voluntary survey of all eye banks in Canada. RESULTS: In 2004, there were 76 corneal transplant surgeons distributed as follows: British Columbia 17.1%, Alberta 11.8%, Saskatchewan 3.9%, Manitoba 7.9%, Ontario 36.8%, Quebec 17.1% and the Atlantic provinces 5.3%. The response rate of the Canadian corneal transplant surgeon survey was 69.7%. On average, each respondent performed 1 (SD 1) PKP/week, 40 (33) PKPs/year, and had a waitlist of 50 (63) patients. The mean wait time from date of referral to initial consultation was 10 (SD 7) weeks and from time of diagnosis to PKP was 51 (32) weeks. The most significant contributing factor to PKP waitlist selected by respondents in all provinces except Ontario was donor tissue shortage (64.7%); Ontario respondents (81.0%) believed that insufficient operating room time was the main factor. Ontario was the only province where all corneal transplant surgeons scheduled PKP electively and where surplus corneal tissue was regularly exported. INTERPRETATION: Recommendations include standardizing the criteria for acceptable donor tissue across all eye banks in Canada to increase efficiency of distribution, introducing and properly implementing mandatory referral and request legislation to increase donor rates, and increasing availability of operating room time for corneal transplant surgeons, especially in Ontario.     

miRNA在视网膜母细胞瘤中的作用研究进展

视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）是儿童最常见的原发性眼内恶性肿瘤，其发病与基因突变相关。microRNA（miRNA）是一种非编码RNA，能调控基因的表达，目前已成为肿瘤研究的热点之一。本文将对miRNA在RB中相关研究进展作一综述，从而为RB的诊断、治疗提供新思路和新方法。     

Retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary center in south of Brazil

AIM: To investigate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) in the southern Brazil, the rate of treatment and outcomes in all premature infants born at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, from October 2002 to October 2006. · METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 323 premature children born at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, from October 2002 to October 2006 with birth weight equal to or less than 1 500g or a gestational age at birth of 32 weeks or less. All of the newborns were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy with the 28 diopters lens after pupil's dilation and a lid speculum after the sixth week of life with examinations repeated depending on the disease classification. The main clinical outcome was the occurrence of ROP at any stage. · RESULTS: ROP occurred in 82 infants with an incidence rate of 25.7%. Threshold disease occurred in only 17 of the patients (5.3%), all of them had the disease affecting posterior Zone II needing laser treatment. None of the treated children had Zone I or aggressive posterior disease despite that three of the treated children needed a second laser session. One patient of the re-treated group needed scleral buckling with an equatorial silicon band after progression to stage 4 of ROP. · CONCLUSION: The incidence of retinopathy and the threshold disease in this study was similar to the international results reported. This study showed a high survival rate (70.1%), high incidence of retinopathy, and high laser treatment necessity among newborns under 28 weeks of gestational age or under 1 000g of birth weight. This study drove attention about the no identification of any Zone I posterior disease in this cohort of patients.     

Delay in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in China

Acta Ophthalmol. 2011: 89: e72–e74

Abstract.

Purpose: Retinoblastoma is the most frequent primary intraocular tumour and is rapidly gaining importance in Asia. As the survival is markedly dependent on early diagnosis and as information on that is not available from East Asia, we assessed the time interval between symptoms detection and therapy of children treated in the Beijing TongRen Eye Hospital. Methods: The retrospective study consisted of all patients who were treated in the study period from January 1987 to November 2006 in the Beijing TongRen Hospital and for whom the data on delay in diagnosis, age, clinical appearance and histological tumour features were available. Results: The inclusion criteria were met by 572 patients (326 boys) with a mean age of 2.6 ± 1.8. Mean interval between first detection of symptoms and clinical diagnosis and therapy was 4.1 ± 5.9 months (range: 3–36 months). A diagnostic delay of 2 months or >6 months was found for 337 (59%) children and 98 (17%) children, respectively. Diagnostic delay was significantly (p < 0.001) the longest in the 2‐ to 4‐year‐old group (5.5 ± 7.4 months). It decreased from the study period 1987–1991 to the period 2002–2006 (p < 0.001). It was significantly associated with the clinical appearance (p = 0.001) and histological finding (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Delay in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma depended on the age of the children, study period, and clinical and histological stage. Because the prognosis is markedly influenced by tumour stage, further improvements in the alertness of parents, family doctors and paediatricians and in the medical infrastructure in China may be addressed.     

Exacerbation of retinal degeneration in the absence of alpha crystallins in an in vivo model of chemically induced hypoxia

This study evaluated the role of crystallins in retinal degeneration induced by chemical hypoxia. Wild-type, alphaA-crystallin (-/-), and alphaB-crystallin (-/-) mice received intravitreal injection of 12 nmol (low dose), 33 nmol (intermediate dose) or 60 nmol (high dose) cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)). Hematoxylin and eosin and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) stains were performed after 24 h, 96 h, and 1 week post-injection, while immunofluorescent stains for alphaA- and alphaB-crystallin were performed 1 week post-injection. The in vitro effects of CoCl(2) on alphaB-crystallin expression in ARPE-19 cells were determined by real time RT-PCR, Western blot, and confocal microscopy and studies evaluating subcellular distribution of alphaB-crystallin in the mitochondria and cytosol were also performed. Histologic studies revealed progressive retinal degeneration with CoCl(2) injection in wild-type mice. Retinas of CoCl(2) injected mice showed transient increased expression of HIF-1alpha which was maximal 24h after injection. Intermediate-dose CoCl(2) injection was associated with increased retinal immunofluorescence for both alphaA- and alphaB-crystallin; however, after high-dose injection, increased retinal degeneration was associated with decreased levels of crystallin expression. Injection of CoCl(2) at either intermediate or high dose in alphaA-crystallin (-/-) and alphaB-crystallin (-/-) mice resulted in much more severe retinal degeneration compared to wild-type eyes. A decrease in ARPE-19 total and cytosolic alphaB-crystallin expression with increasing CoCl(2) treatment and an increase in mitochondrial alphaB-crystallin were found. We conclude that lack of alpha-crystallins accentuates retinal degeneration in chemically induced hypoxia in vivo.     

儿童弱视治疗中几个问题的讨论

在儿童弱视治疗中,有许多标准及概念需要讨论：（1）脫镜指标。我们认为双眼裸眼远、近视力≥1.0半年以上者,眼位正常或斜视性弱视治愈后残余斜视度＜5°者,远视屈光度≤＋1.00 DS者,远视散光度≤＋0.50 DC者可以脱镜。（2）弱视复发的概念。我们认为弱视经过治疗后,矫正视力≥0.9或裸眼视力≥1.0后,视力又下降,散瞳验光后证明屈光度明显增加,即弱视复发。依此,按治疗儿童弱视不同阶段,弱视复发应分：基本治愈后弱视复发、痊愈后弱视复发和脫镜后弱视复发三类。（3）治疗年龄限制范围。我们认为应为2岁半即可验光配镜开始弱视治疗,2~6岁是治疗儿童弱视最佳时期,治愈率最高,7~12岁是治疗儿童弱视适宜年龄,对13~18岁的儿童弱视也不能轻易放弃治疗。（4）治疗期限。我们认为在弱视基本治愈后应随访观察3年,脱镜后结束治疗最安全,视力回退率最低。（眼科, 2013, 22：295-298）       

茶多酚对H2O2诱导大鼠晶状体上皮细胞中Caveolin-1表达的影响

目的 建立离体过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的大鼠白内障模型并观察茶多酚(tea polyphenols,TP)对H2O2诱导大鼠晶状体上皮细胞(lens epithelial cell,LEC)中小窝蛋白-1(Caveolin-1)表达的影响.方法 采用离体晶状体培养技术,在一定浓度H2O2的MEM培养液中置入透明的SD大鼠晶状体,建立实验性白内障晶状体模型.设置空白对照组、H2O2组和TP (0.02 mg·mL-1、0.20 mg·mL-1、2.00 mg·mL-1)处理组,分别于不同时间点(0h、6h、12 h、24 h、48 h)取样,应用RT-PCR检测LEC中Caveolin-1 mRNA的表达,Western blot检测LEC中Caveolin-1蛋白的表达.结果 H2O2下调LEC中Caveolin-1表达,H2O2组加入H2O2 0 h、6h、12 h、24h、48 h Caveolin-1 mRNA表达分别为0.740±0.210、0.560±0.130、0.350±0.160、0.204±0.142、0.197±0.133,呈时间依赖性,在H2O2作用24 h时,Caveolin-1表达下调最明显(P＜0.01),遂选定24 h为后续实验时间点.不同浓度的TP均可抑制LEC中Caveolin-1表达的减少,24 h时RT-PCR检测空白对照组、H2O2组、TP处理组(0.02 mg· mL-1、0.20 mg·mL-1、2.00 mg·mL-1)Caveolin-1 mRNA表达分别为0.687±0.141、0.112±0.124、0.341±0.115、0.562±0.102、0.584±0.098,Western-blot检测空白对照组、H2O2组、TP处理组(0.02 mg·mL-1、0.20 mg·mL-1、2.00 mg· mL-1)Caveolin-1蛋白表达分别为0.819±0.124、0.166 ±0.132、0.214 ±0.154、0.565±0.089、0.621 ±0.103,TP浓度为0.20 mg·mL-1时抑制效果最显著(P＜0.05).结论 TP可抑制H2O2诱导的LEC中Caveolin-1的表达减少,且在TP浓度为0.20mg·mL-1时抑制效果最显著.     

MicroRNA在葡萄膜炎发病过程中的调控作用研究进展

微小ＲＮＡ（ｍｉｃｒｏＲＮＡ,ｍｉＲＮＡ）是生物体内源性的、约１９～２４个核苷酸构成的非编码单链ＲＮＡ分子。ｍｉＲＮＡ可以与靶标ｍＲＮＡ基因的３’端非编码区域（３’ＵＴＲ）互补结合,从而在转录后水平负调控靶基因的表达。ｍｉＲＮＡ通过降解靶基因或者抑制转录后的翻译水平,进而影响细胞的分化、增殖和凋亡,并在生物生长发育和疾病发生发展过程中发挥重要的调节作用。近年来研究表明,ｍｉＲＮＡ在葡萄膜炎的发生发展进程中同样发挥重要的调控作用。本文就ｍｉＲＮＡ在葡萄膜炎发生发展过程中的调控作用作一综述,为深入研究葡萄膜炎的发病机理提供新思路。     

泰州市早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果分析

目的了解泰州市早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的患病情况并分析与ROP相关的高危因素。方法收集泰州市2008年3月至2011年3月286例（572只眼）早产儿和低体重儿ROP筛查资料进行回顾性分析。结果 286例（572只眼）早产儿和低体重儿中,共筛查出36例（72只眼）患有不同程度的ROP,ROP检出率约为12.6%,所有患儿均为双眼患病,其中包括ROP 1期12例（24只眼）,ROP 2期14例（28只眼）,ROP 3期4例（8只眼）,ROP4期2例（4只眼）,AP-ROP 1例（2只眼）,ROP 5期3例（6只眼）,提示早产、低出生体重、缺血和缺氧性脑病、胎盘早剥等影响胎儿发育的相对缺氧因素与ROP的发生密切相关。结论早产、低出生体重及相对缺氧因素是ROP发生的高危因素,早筛查、早发现、早治疗是预防ROP致盲的关键。     

Trends in Patterns of Anterior Uveitis in a Tertiary Institution in Singapore

Purpose: To report the trends in etiology of patients with anterior uveitis (AU) in Singapore over 6 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of all new patients who presented with anterior uveitis to the uveitis subspecialty clinic from 2005 to 2010 at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Results: There were 552 new cases of AU. This comprised 59.5% of a total of 928 new patients diagnosed with uveitis from 2005 to 2010. The mean age was 48.0?±?17.2 years. There was a male predominance (62.5%), with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority were of Chinese ethnicity (69%), followed by Malays (13.2%). Most cases were unilateral (79.5%) and idiopathic (50.4%). Common etiological causes included Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) (5.6%), ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related AU (5.1%), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (4.7%), and herpes zoster virus (HZV) (4.5%). There were increasing trends in AS-related AU from 3.2% in 2008 to 6.5% in 2010, and psoriasis-associated AU from 1.7% in 2005 to 4.0% in 2008. There were decreasing trends in the incidence of FHI from 10.6% in 2006 to 4.7% in 2009. No change in incidence of viral etiologies was noted, but cytomegalovirus-related immune-recovery uveitis (IRU) comprised 7.4%. IRU showed an increasing trend from 1.7% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2007, then decreased to 3.3% in 2010. Using the Pearson chi-square test, there was no statistically significant association between ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, Indian) comparing infectious and noninfectious cases (p?=?0.788), idiopathic and nonidiopathic cases (p?=?0.170), or between the various etiologies of uveitis (p?=?0.168).

Conclusions: AU was the predominant form of uveitis seen at our centers. Infectious etiologies (18.5%) are the most common among nonidiopathic cases, with herpes viruses (9.2%) being most prevalent. Despite increased use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of microbial and viral DNA, there was no overall increase in detection of infectious causes for uveitis. The changes in CMV-related immune recovery uveitis from 2005 to 2010 could reflect a change in HIV management in Singapore.     

活体光学成像技术在眼科学领域的应用前景

活体光学成像技术是一种可实时动态观察生物生物学行为的影像学技术,目前已经应用于生命科学的各个方面,如干细胞治疗、肿瘤研究和药物研究等。该技术在眼科学领域也有很大的应用潜力。现对活体光学成像技术的应用现状作一总结,并展望其在眼科学领域的应用前景。