老年冠心病患者顺路肾动脉造影的意义

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者中肾动脉狭窄的发病率,明确与动脉硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的相关危险因素.方法 总结我院262例因拟诊冠心病而行冠状动脉造影并常规术中顺路行选择性双肾动脉造影的老年患者的临床资料,分析老年冠心病患者中ARAS的发病率.以ARAS为自变量,行Logistic多元回归分析,明确ARAS的危险因素.结果 262例患者共发现ARAS 48例(18.3%),其中中度狭窄34例(13.0%),重度狭窄14例(5.3%).明确诊断冠心病的193例中,ARAS的发生率为22.2%,明显高于无冠心病患者(3.6%)(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析,预测ARAS 的独立危险因素为:女性、血肌酐(Scr)异常、左主干病变、冠状动脉三支病变.结论 老年冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中ARAS的发生率较高,冠状动脉造影的同时行顺路肾动脉造影安全可行.但ARAS与冠状动脉疾病并不完全平行,女性、Scr异常、左主干病变及冠状动脉三支病变是老年ARAS的独立危险因素.     

冠状动脉病变与肾动脉粥样硬化性狭窄

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)与脉压及其他相关因素的关系。方法553例入选病例在冠脉造影后行非选择性肾动脉造影,应用多变量Logistic回归分析评价脉压及其他临床因素和ARAS的关系。结果连续3年入选553例患者,24例(4.3%)有轻度肾血管病变(腔径狭窄<50%),84例(15.2%)ARAS(腔径狭窄≥50%),冠心病者ARAS(22.6%vs2.0%)及肾血管病变(5.9%vs1.5%)发生率明显高于非冠心病者。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示冠脉狭窄程度、脉压、血肌酐是ARAS发生的独立危险因素。结论ARAS与冠心病冠脉病变程度密切相关。脉压和血肌酐升高是ARAS的独立危险因素。     

冠状动脉病变与肾动脉粥样硬化性狭窄

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)与脉压及其他相关因素的关系.方法553例入选病例在冠脉造影后行非选择性肾动脉造影,应用多变量Logistic回归分析评价脉压及其他临床因素和ARAS的关系.结果连续3年入选553例患者,24例(4.3%)有轻度肾血管病变(腔径狭窄＜50%),84例(15.2%)ARAS(腔径狭窄≥50%),冠心病者ARAS(22.6%vs 2.0%)及肾血管病变(5.9%vs 1.5%)发生率明显高于非冠心病者.多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示冠脉狭窄程度、脉压、血肌酐是ARAS发生的独立危险因素.结论ARAS与冠心病冠脉病变程度密切相关.脉压和血肌酐升高是ARAS的独立危险因素.     

老年患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探讨老年动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄（arteriosclerosis renal artery stenosis, ARAS）的危险因素。 方法选取2016年1月至2019年6月在宁阳县第一人民医院接受肾动脉彩超检查的老年患者140例。比较ARAS患者与非ARAS患者的临床资料,将单因素分析（t检验或χ²检验）差异有统计学意义的指标纳入Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。 结果140例老年患者中ARAS 68例（ARAS组）,无ARAS 72例（非ARAS组）。ARAS组患者高血压病史和糖尿病病史所占比例、年龄以及同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白水平明显高于非ARAS组患者,差异有统计学意义（χ²=3.657、3.897,t=-2.970、3.989、-3.360;P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、高血压病史及HCY、hs-CRP水平是老年ARAS的独立危险因素[OR（95%CI）=1.077（1.019-1.138）、4.814（2.006-11.552）、1.072（1.026-1.119）、1.345（1.190-1.520）,P<0.01]。 结论及早发现高危患者,并针对性改善危险因素,对于ARAS的治疗和预后有着重要的临床意义。     

不稳定心绞痛患者肾动脉狭窄危险因素临床分析

目的探讨不稳定心绞痛患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的患病率及其危险因素。方法123例不稳定心绞痛患者冠脉造影同时行选择性双肾动脉造影检查,对临床资料和ARAS之间的关系进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果123例不稳定心绞痛患者ARAS的发生率为22.8%;单因素分析表明,年龄、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、吸烟、肾功能不全、颈动脉粥样斑块是ARAS的预测因素。多元Logistic回归分析表明,年龄、颈动脉粥样斑块、冠脉三支病变是ARAS的独立预测因素。结论对不稳定心绞痛患者特别是冠脉三支病变者,尤其伴有高龄、颈动脉粥样斑块者,应该在冠脉造影后行肾动脉造影检查,以便及早发现ARAS。     

伴有高血压的缺血性脑血管病患者肾动脉狭窄的相关性研究

目的通过血管造影评估伴有高血压的缺血性脑血管病患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)患病率及其相关危险因素。方法选择老年高血压患者274例,在实施脑血管造影时,同时行非选择性肾动脉造影以评价肾动脉主干狭窄(数字减影血管造影术测量直径狭窄率≥50%)患病率。根据诊断分为ARAS组51例,无ARAS组223例。采用标准化问卷法收集人口学资料、心脏病、吸烟、糖尿病、高脂血症、脑梗死、心脑血管病家族史等临床资料,通过单因素及多因素分析伴有高血压的老年缺血性脑血管病患者ARAS的相关因素。结果 274例患者中,吸烟87例(31.8%),糖尿病98例(35.8%),高脂血症126例(46.0%),脑梗死122例(44.5%),慢性肾功能不全23例(8.4%),心脑血管病家族史79例(28.8%);单侧ARAS 42例(15.3%)、双侧ARAS 9例(3.3%)。ARAS组吸烟比例明显高于非ARAS组,差异有统计学意义(96.1%vs 17.0%,P=0.001)。结论对拟行脑血管造影的高血压患者建议同时行非选择性肾动脉造影,尤其是吸烟的高血压患者发现肾动脉主干狭窄的可能性更大。     

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老年缺血性肾病常见的病因是粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)。临床上多依据一定临床线索,采用肾动脉多普勒超声检查进行ARAS的筛查,但磁共振血管造影(MRA)或CT血管造影(CTA)检查在诊断血管狭窄时占有优势。老年ARAS的治疗以药物治疗为基础,主要针对ARAS的各种危险因素,选择适当的药物,达到控制血压、防止肾功能恶化、降低心脑血管终点事件发生的目的。当肾血管严重狭窄时,需介入治疗如支架植入或外科手术进行血管重建,恢复肾血流量,但须严格掌握适应证。     

冠心病伴肾动脉狭窄的患病率及相关因素研究

目的探讨冠心病患者中肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的患病率及其相关因素。方法228例冠脉造影患者同时行选择性双肾动脉造影检查,对临床资料和ARAS之间的关系进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果228例患者中,ARAS患病率为19.7%;经冠脉造影证实的152例冠心病患者中,ARAS患病率为27.6%;51例冠心病合并颈动脉粥样斑块的患者中,ARAS患病率为49.0%。45例ARAS患者中,左肾动脉狭窄的患病率显著高于右肾动脉(P<0.05)。单因素分析表明,年龄、糖尿病、肾功能不全、颈动脉粥样斑块、冠心病是ARAS的预测因素。多元Logistic回归分析表明,仅年龄、颈动脉粥样斑块、冠脉三支病变是ARAS的独立预测因素。结论对于冠心病患者,尤其是年龄≥60岁及合并颈动脉粥样斑块的患者,冠脉造影后应常规行肾动脉造影,以便早期发现ARAS。     

慢性心衰患者预后并发心脏事件的危险因素分析

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭患者预后并发心脏事件的危险因素,为慢性心力衰竭患者临床诊治及预后分析提供参考。方法回顾性分析我院2014年6月至2015年6月收治的126例心力衰竭患者的临床资料,随访3年,根据患者预后是否并发心脏事件,将其分为事件组(n=45)和非事件组(n=81)两组。比较两组患者的一般临床资料与实验室相关指标差异,并通过多因素Logistic回归法对慢性心力衰竭患者预后并发心脏事件的危险因素进行分析。结果对慢性心力衰竭患者预后并发心脏事件进行多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BNP、LVEF以及NYHA分级是其独立危险因素(P=0.004,0.013,0.021)。结论BNP、LVEF以及NYHA分级是心力衰竭预后并发心脏事件的独立危险因素。     

老年人动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的临床研究进展

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis，ARAS)常发生于老年人，ARAS可以引起两种非常重要的疾病，即肾血管性高血压和缺血性肾病。ARAS和高血压、缺血性肾病的关系是非常复杂的：(1)ARAS可能单独发生，此种情况称为孤立性解剖性ARAS；(2)ARAS亦可诱发高血压或使原有高血压加重；(3)ARAS可引起缺血性肾病；(4)ARAS可同时引起诱发高血压和缺血性肾病。高血压和缺血性肾病是导致终末期肾病的重要病因，终末期肾病可占老年高血压患者的10%～40％。纠正ARAS后，部分病例不仅能纠正高血压，而且能保护受损的肾功能，使ARAS成为少有的老年人高血压和慢性肾功能不全的可治性病因之一，因此，对于本病的早期诊断及积极治疗显得尤为重要。     

Atherosclerotic renovascular disease and renal impairment: Can we predict the effect of intervention?

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is associated with hypertension, ischemic nephropathy, and high cardiovascular risk. We review the data on revascularization of the renal artery by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) and pharmacological therapy. In patients with severe ARAS and poorly controlled hypertension, PTRA can improve blood pressure control. In patients with rapid renal function loss and severe ARAS, PTRA can improve short-term renal function, but there is no evidence for long-term renoprotection. Recent evidence indicates that ARAS, and incidental renal artery stenosis, considerably increases cardiovascular risk, independent of blood pressure, renal function, and prevalent risk factors. This suggests that revascularization might potentially improve overall prognosis, but no data are available currently. The high cardiovascular risk warrants aggressive pharmacological treatment to prevent progression of the generalized vascular disorder. Ongoing trials will show whether revascularization has added, long-term effects on blood pressure, renal function, and cardiovascular prognosis.     

冠心病患者肾动脉狭窄的发生率及相关因素

目的探讨冠状动脉造影中顺路肾动脉造影的意义,进一步明确动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的相关危险因素。方法总结分析410例因拟诊冠心病而行冠状动脉造影并常规术中顺路行选择性双肾动脉造影患者的临床资料,分析冠心病患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发生情况。以显著动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄为自变量,行Logistic多元回归分析,明确动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的危险因素。结果410例患者共发现动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄88例(21.4%),其中轻度狭窄30例(7.3%),中度狭窄40例(9.7%),重度狭窄18例(4.3%)。冠状动脉病变阳性的285例中,动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的患病率为26.3%(75/285),明显高于冠状动脉阴性患者[10.4%(13/125),P<0.05]。狭窄超过30%的肾动脉血管共130支,其中61.5%位于开口部位,36.9%位于主干,仅3.8%位于分支血管。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素为女性、高胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白、血肌酐异常、左主干病变、冠状动脉三支病变。结论冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发生率为26.3%,冠状动脉造影的同时行顺路肾动脉造影安全可行。但动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄与冠心病并不完全平行,女性、高胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白、血肌酐异常、左主干病变及冠状动脉三支病变是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。     

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者相关危险因素分析

目的观察动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者危险因素、血脂及肾功能的变化,分析各项指标与肾动脉狭窄及其病变程度和范围的关系。方法选取动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者70例,测定其血脂及肾功能,并选择62例肾动脉正常者为对照。结果肾动脉狭窄组与对照组相比高血压、冠心病、慢性肾功能不全及高脂血症的发生率明显增高(P<0.01),两组间血尿素氮、肌酐、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及载脂蛋白A1差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);不同狭窄组之间血尿素氮、肌酐、总胆固醇差异显著(P<0.01)。结论高血压、冠心病、慢性肾功能不全及高脂血症是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的危险因素。     

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发生率及其相关危险因素分析

目的 对疑似冠心病或急性、慢性心肌梗死的患者进行冠状动脉造影及肾动脉造影,分析动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发生率及其相关危险因素.方法 对279例接受冠状动脉造影的患者进行腹主动脉数字减影血管造影检查.结果 279例患者中,动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(≥30%)发生率为28.7%;经冠状动脉造影证实的175例冠心病患者中,肾动脉狭窄(≥30%)的发生率为34.3%;冠状动脉造影完全正常的104例患者中,20例有肾动脉狭窄,冠状动脉多支病变发生肾动脉狭窄的机率增加;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、脉压、血肌酐及冠状动脉狭窄积分是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的相关预测因素.结论 对冠心病合并高血压的患者,冠状动脉造影时应常规进行腹主动脉造影检查,以尽早发现动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄.     

Long-term follow-up of patients with atherosclerotic renal artery disease

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is a predictor of increased morbidity and mortality. However, whether ARAS itself accelerates the arteriosclerotic process or whether ARAS is solely the consequence of atherosclerosis is unclear. We imaged renal arteries of 1561 hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography and followed this cohort for 9 years (range, 2.4–15.1 years; median, 31.2 months, interquartile range, 13.4/52.9 months). All patients received aspirin, renin-angiotensin system blockade, statins, and beta blockade as indicated. One hundred seventy-one patients had ARAS >50% diameter stenosis and 126 patients an arteriosclerotic plaque (ARAP) without significant stenosis. Blood pressures were not different in ARAS, ARAP, and non-ARAS patients. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors by propensity scores and matched pair analysis, ARAS patients had a lower ejection fraction and more coronary artery disease (CAD) than non-ARAS patients. The same was true for brain natriuretic peptide values, troponin I, and highly sensitive C-reative protein. Over 9 years, more ARAS patients died of any cause (34% vs 23%; P < .05). The prevalence of CAD in ARAP patients was higher than in non-ARAS patients and lower than in ARAS patients. The mortality of the ARAP patients at 9 years was 37%, not different from the ARAS patients. Atherosclerotic renal artery disease appears to be a marker for the severity of atherosclerosis rather than a causative factor for atherosclerosis progression.     

Predictors of undiagnosed renal artery stenosis among Japanese patients with risk factors of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is a significant cause of end stage renal dysfunction (ESRD) among the elderly. Although early detection of ARAS and induction of adequate treatment could reduce the incidence of ESRD, there have been few reports about parameters predictive of ARAS among Japanese. In this study, we investigated the clinical indicators that predict ARAS among Japanese with risk factors of atherosclerosis (> 40 years of age plus hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus). After eliminating the patients who had already been diagnosed with renal artery stenosis, 202 patients were enrolled. The renal arteries of all 202 patients were evaluated by magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA), and the stenoses with > 50% reduction in diameter at the ostium of the renal artery were defined as ARAS. MRA detected ARAS in 42 patients (31 hemilateral and 11 bilateral). Between the patients with and without ARAS there was no significant difference in gender distribution, detection of abdominal vascular bruits or smoking habit. The prevalences of diabetic, hypertensive and cerebrovascular comorbidity were also not significantly different. The mean blood pressure, body mass index and total serum cholesterol values were similar between the two groups. However, age, pulse pressure, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, amount of urinary protein, and coronary artery comorbidity were significantly higher, while estimated creatinine clearance was significantly lower in the patients with ARAS than in those without ARAS. A high prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy was also noted among patients with ARAS. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age and renal impairment were independent predictors of ARAS in Japanese patients with atherosclerotic risk factors.     

肾动脉狭窄支架术后长期疗效相关危险因素分析

目的探讨影响肾动脉狭窄患者支架治疗术疗效的相关因素。方法纳入192例行肾动脉支架置入术治疗的肾动脉狭窄患者,随访血压、血肌酐变化及全因死亡情况,筛选肾功能恶化和死亡的预测指标。结果随访期间患者的血压水平较术前明显下降（P〈0.01）,血肌酐水平升高（P〈0.05）。所纳入病例的全因死亡率为11%。Logistic回归分析显示高龄[比值比（OR）=1.11]和术前肌酐水平偏高（OR=1.007）是全因死亡的预测因素;高龄（OR=2.32）、糖尿病（OR=1.45）、术前肌酐水平偏高（OR=7.1）是肾动脉支架术后肾功能恶化的预测因素。结论肾动脉狭窄支架术治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄疗效和安全性良好,高龄、术前肌酐水平偏高和合并糖尿病是肾动脉支架术后预后不良的危险因素。