慢性肺心病下丘脑垂体功能状况的判断

本文LRH垂体兴奋试验显示男性肺心病患者急性发作期垂体分泌LH、FSH的绝对增长值和相对增长值均明显减退(P<0.05或0.01),且异常反应发生率亦相当高(61.1％)。表明本病患者急性发作期不但有靶腺功能障碍,下丘脑垂体亦存在一定程度的功能减退。     

脑出血TRH兴奋试验后HPTA功能改变的初步探讨

对20例脑出血患者进行促甲状腺释放激素（TRH）兴奋试验，同时检测甲状腺素了，了解下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴（HPTA）功能的变化过程，结果发现整个轴均有变化，其中以垂体、甲状腺功能改变较明显。     

促性腺激素释放激素(LRH)兴奋试验对各种睾丸功能减退症的诊断意义

垂体促性腺激素,即促黄体素(LH)和促卵泡素(FSH)受下丘脑 LRH 的调节,LH对外源性标准量 LRH 兴奋的分泌反应是评价垂体促性腺激素储备功能的一种简单、可靠的方法,对睾丸功能减退症的鉴别诊断有重要意义。我们对罹患单纯性促性腺激素缺乏症、全垂体功能减退症、克氏(KLinefe-lter's)综合征和特发性精子缺乏症的男性患者共12例分别测定了 LH 对标准 LRH 兴奋试验的反应,并和5例正常男子进行比较,现将结果报告如下。     

用垂体兴奋试验分析HCG与HLH之间的免疫交叉反应

垂体兴奋试验为测定垂体分泌促性腺激素储备功能的动态试验,用以鉴别性功能障碍的原因在下丘脑抑脑垂体。若下丘脑功能减退而垂体功能正常时,将人工合成的下丘脑物质-促性腺激素释放激素(LRH)经静脉或肌肉注射后,血清促性腺激素(LH及FSH)明显升高;若垂体前叶有病变,则注射LRH或多次注射不引起反应。HLH(人黄体生成素)与HCG(人绒毛膜促性腺激素)在结构上相似,其抗体有交叉反应,国内外均根据此原理,将HCG放射免疫     

下丘脑-垂体轴外GnRH系统研究进展

促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)已被证明是下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的重要信息分子，由下丘脑神经内分泌细胞以脉冲式分泌。通过与腺垂体促性腺细胞表面的特异性高亲和力受体结合，参与调节青春启动，维持正常生殖系统功能。90年代初，Mellon等成功建立了转基因小鼠垂体促性腺细胞系aT3-1，促进了垂体GnRH受体(GnRH-R)和其作用机制的研究。早在70年代下丘脑一垂体轴外GnRH     

用国产LRH-A对正常育龄妇女溶黄体抗生育研究获得初步成功

促黄体釋放素(LRH)是1971年由美国学者Schally和Guillemin从数十万头猪和羊的下丘脑中分离提纯而获得的一种下丘脑激素,现已明确为一小分子 肽化合物,具有极强的生物活性,其微克量即可引起垂体—性腺轴系统激素分泌及其生理效应的明显反应。进一步研究还证明:当使用小剂量LRH及其激动性类似物时,可明显刺激或兴奋下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴功能,具有促生育作用。而当大剂     

TRH试验在诊断原发性甲状腺机能减退症临床应用价值的探讨

应用促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)试验检查下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能已有10余年,但应用于诊断原发性甲状腺机能减退症(下称原发甲减)的情况尚未见有详细报道。本文报道了我们对10例未治     

Ⅰ型糖尿病人中的垂体——甲状腺轴的观察

严重糖尿病者常伴有血中甲状腺素的改变,出现低T综_3合征。并有垂体甲状腺轴的抑制。本文应用TRH兴奋试验对12例原发性糖尿病Ⅰ型的观察作了讨论。     

女性青春期和围绝经期促性腺激素释放激素分泌特征

女性性周期是受中枢神经系统调节的、极为复杂的下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）内分泌系统控制的过程。下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴既能通过自上而下的直接控制,下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素控制垂体促性腺激素释放,垂体促性腺激素又控制卵巢激素分泌,同时又通过各种反馈和负反馈形式来互相促进和互相制约,维持其正常生理功能。     

胃动素在下丘脑-垂体轴对消化间期胃运动的调控作用

目的探讨胃动素(MTL)在下丘脑-垂体轴对消化间期胃运动的调控作用。方法采用体内胃运动记录方法,观察大鼠垂体摘除后消化间期移行性复合运动(MMC)的改变,以及下丘脑室旁核(PVN)注射MTL后胃运动的变化;采用荧光免疫组织化学染色方法,观察大鼠脑垂体MTL免疫物质的表达。结果正常大鼠下丘脑PVN注射MTL后,MMC收缩频率显著加快(t=3.50,P<0.01);PVN注射MTL和GM109混合液后,与PVN注射NS+GM109组比较,MMC无显著改变(t=0.70,P>0.05)。垂体摘除后2d,MMC收缩频率显著减慢(t=2.34,P<0.05);当PVN注射MTL后,与垂体摘除+PVN注射NS组比较,MMC的收缩频率显著增加(t=4.39,P<0.01),但与假手术垂体摘除+PVN注射MTL组比较,MMC的收缩频率显著降低(t=2.15,P<0.05)。脑垂体组织内有大量MTL免疫阳性反应物的表达。结论 MTL参与下丘脑-垂体轴对消化间期胃运动的调控。     

Recovery of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function after intermittent high-dose prednisolone and cytotoxic chemotherapy

Hypothalamic/pituitary and adrenal (HPA) function was assessed in ten patients who received intermittent high-dose prednisolone and cytotoxic chemotherapy for 5-40 months. Standard insulin hypoglycaemia (IHT), thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and tetracosactrin tests were performed 36 hr after the last dose of prednisolone and subsequently 10 days--52 weeks after completion of all chemotherapy. In the first tests there was evidence of impaired hypothalamic-pituitary function judged by peak adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH) and thyrotrophin (TSH) responses, and corresponding plasma corticosteroid responses were sub-normal in five patients. In the final IHTs, seven patients had persistently subnormal ACTH responses but all the corresponding plasma corticosteroid responses returned to normal. Mean peak corticosteroid responses to insulin and tetracosactrin and peak GH responses were significantly greater than in the first tests. Such chemotherapy regimens may have prolonged effects on hypothalamic/pituitary function but the demonstration of normal corticosteroid responses to hypoglycaemia and tetracosactrin indicates that these patients' stress responses will be normal as early as 10 days after treatment is stopped.     

正电子发射计算机断层扫描技术在垂体下丘脑疾病诊治中的应用

目前正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)及PET/CT在临床肿瘤的诊断和治疗中发挥越来越重要的作用.垂体下丘脑作为神经内分泌组织具有一定的特殊性,而PET作为功能影像方法在垂体下丘脑疾病中的应用具有重要意义.本文主要综述PET技术在垂体下丘脑疾病诊治中的应用.     

空蝶鞍综合征20例的临床和MRI分析

分析２０例空蝶鞍综合征（ＥＳＳ）的ＭＲＩ表现和其中１６例的内分泌改变。结果１６例ＥＳＳ均有内分泌功能异常。ＭＲＩ表现有蝶鞍充满长Ｔ＿１和长Ｔ＿２的脑脊液;垂体受压至鞍底,冠状位呈“锚”状,矢状位呈“新月”状;垂体柄延长。结果表明ＥＳＳ常具有内分泌功能紊乱,ＭＲＩ对ＥＳＳ具有特征性诊断意义。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY AREA IN IDIOPATHIC GROWTH DEFICIENCY

In order to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in hypothalamic-pituitary area and its clinical relevance in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), the MR imagings of 26 patients with IGHD were analyzed. On MRI, 24 out of 26 cases (92. 3%) showed apparent pituitary upper margin depression; 8 out of 26 cases (30. 8%) showed definite pituitary stalk transection; 22 out of 26 cases (84. 6%) showed absence of the normal posterior pituitary bright spot. The bright lipidlike signal on T1W1 images at the median eminence distal to the breaking point (so-called ectopic posterior lobe) was found in 4 out of 26 cases (15. 4%). According to the MRI findings of the pituitary stalks, the 26 cases were divided into three groups; group A of 8 cases (31%) characterized by the definite transaction of stalk; group B of 13 cases (50%) defined by the possible stalk transection; and group C of 5 cases (19%) with no definite stalk transection.MRI findings were consistent with the clinica     

Experimental Study on Effect of Tonifying Kidney Herbs on Pituitary, Ovary, and Adrenal Gland in Androgen Sterilized Rats

Besidesthefunctionaldisturbanceofsexglandaxis,theabnormalfunctionofadrenalglandalsohasitseffectinthepathogenesisofhyperandrogenanovulatoryemmeniopathy.Inthisstudy,lightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,cellculture,argyrophilicnucleolarorganizerregion(AgNOR),andproliferativecellneucleolarantigen(PCNA)measurementwereusedtoobservesynchronouslythemorphologicandendocrinechangesofpituitarygland,ovaryandadrenalglandinandrogensterilizedrats(ASR)beforeandafteradministrationoftonifyingKidneyherbs(TKH),…     

中医"肾应冬"调控机制与褪黑素受体关系的研究

目的通过观察性腺轴褪黑素受体的季节性变化,从而深入揭示“肾应冬”的调控机制。方法采用放射性配基饱和法,检测雄性SD大鼠性腺轴褪黑素受体的最大结合量(Bm ax)和解离常数(Kd值)的冬夏变化。结果在正常生理条件下,下丘脑(P<0.05)和垂体(P<0.05)Bm ax值均表现为冬高夏低。下丘脑(P<0.05)和垂体(P<0.01)Kd值均表现为冬高夏低。摘除松果腺后,冬季手术组下丘脑(P<0.01)、垂体(P<0.01)Bm ax值都明显高于正常组,夏季手术组下丘脑(P<0.01)Bm ax值明显高于正常组。冬、夏手术组下丘脑(P<0.01)、垂体(P<0.01)Kd值都明显高于相应的正常组。而睾丸的褪黑素受体的Bm ax值和Kd值因含量极少而无法测出。结论“肾应冬”调控机制与性腺轴褪黑素受体的季节性变化有关,松果腺在此过程中起了重要的高位调节作用。     

急性颅脑损伤患者下丘脑垂体激素变化的临床意义

目的:探讨急性颅脑损伤患者下丘脑及垂体前叶功能改变及其临床意义。方法:随机选取急性颅脑损伤住院患者50例,测定垂体激素TSH、FSH、LH、PRL及GH的基础值及动态变化进行分组研究,并设立对照组,对结果进行统计分析。结果:急性颅脑损伤患者下丘脑及垂体前叶功能与对照组相比改变明显(P<0.05)。颅脑损伤程度越重,伤后即刻垂体激素值越高,而动态观察则逐渐下降,多数可降至正常值以下。结论:急性颅脑损伤患者伤后垂体激素的基础值和动态变化值可以作为伤情评价和判断预后的重要指标。     

Turner 综合征垂体MRI 特征 及与激素、染色体的关系

目的 分析Turner 综合征患儿的垂体磁共振成像（MRI）表现特征及与相关激素、染色体的关系, 探讨垂体改变的原因。方法 选取2010 年6 月－ 2018 年6 月于青岛大学附属医院神经内分泌儿科诊治的43 例 Turner 综合征患儿,回顾性分析垂体MRI 大小与相关激素、染色体的相关性。结果 患儿垂体MRI 多见垂 体正常（22 例,51.2%）和垂体增大（18 例,41.9%）;垂体正常组促卵泡激素、黄体生成素低于垂体增大组 （P <0.05）,雌二醇高于垂体增大组（P <0.05）。结论 部分Turner 综合征患儿垂体形态异常,主要表现为垂 体增大,可能与靶腺（卵巢）功能低下引起负反馈抑制作用减弱,导致垂体代偿性增生有关。     

EFFECTS OF AMINOGLUTETHJMIDE ON HYPOTHALAMIC- PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTIONS

This study was performed on four groups of subjects, including 10 patients with Cushing's disease, 10 patients with simple obesity, 8 patients with hypopituitarism and 13 normal subjects. The study was conducted by measuring the sequential changes of plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, 24-h UFC, 24-h 17 KS and 24-h 17 KGS following aminoglutethimide (AG) administration. The results suggest that normal subjects showed sequential changes of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormone concentrations with normal feedback regulation of the axis following AG administration. Patients with Cushing's disease had obvious autonomy in the production of ACTH from the pituitary. Patients with simple obesity might display abnormality to some degree in the production from the pituitary. Patients with hypopituitarism lost the capacity of ACTH production in various degrees because of pituitary lesions.