肾结石并发肾盂上皮细胞癌7例

目的：探讨提高肾结石并发肾盂上皮细胞癌术后生存率的方法。方法：回顾性分析7例肾结石并发肾肿瘤患者的临床资料，其中肾盂鳞状细胞癌6例，肾盂移行上皮细胞癌1例。诊断采用静脉肾盂造影和逆行肾盂造影、B超、CT等方法。均行根治性肾切除术加局部淋巴结清扫。结果：随访平均5年，存活2例。结论：早期诊断并手术治疗，是提高肾结石并发肾盂上皮细胞癌患者的术后生存率的有效手段。     

肾结石继发肾周脓肿及肾瘘3例

目的:探讨肾结石继发肾周脓肿及肾瘘的发病原因及处理方法.方法:报告3例肾结石继发肾周脓肿及肾瘘患者的临床资料.原发病均为肾结石,继发肾周围脓肿1例,肾皮肤瘘1例,肾结肠瘘1例.经窦道顺行造影和逆行肾盂造影明确窦道径路.3例均行手术治疗,行患肾切除、结肠瘘口切除修补术.结果:术后随访8～12个月均恢复良好.结论:肾结石继发肾周脓肿及肾瘘,应及时手术治疗,术前明确窦道径路,避免手术并发症.     

肾结石并发肾盂癌的诊治

目的 提高肾结石并发肾盂癌的诊治水平.方法 肾结石并发肾盂癌患者21例.病史10 d～24年,平均27个月,临床表现反复寒战、发热、消瘦3例;全程肉眼血尿17例,其中2例有典型的血尿、疼痛、腹部肿块表现.CT检查17例,提示肾盂肿瘤9例,疑肾下极肿瘤4例,肾门淋巴结肿大2例.MRU检查10例,诊断为肾结石并发肾盂癌9例.21例IVU检查.患肾显影浅淡13例,其中3例显示肾盂内充盈缺损,不显影8例.术前确诊9例,行患肾根治性肾切除及局部淋巴结清扫术;5例因脓肾先行肾造瘘术,二期行包膜下肾切除术,其中2例术后证实为肾盂移行细胞癌,加行残端输尿管全切加膀胱袖状切除;3例因肾多发结石无功能术中黏连严重,行包膜下肾切除术;3例术前诊断为肾脏复杂多发性结石,因肾脏无功能或功能差行患肾切除加输尿管部分切除,其中2例术后证实为肾盂移行细胞癌,加行残端输尿管全切加膀胱袖状切除;1例B超引导下行微创经皮肾镜取石术,发现肾盂肿物,术中病理切片考虑为肾盂黏液腺癌,二期行根治术及肾门淋巴结清扫术. 结果 21例均经术后病理诊断证实,其中移行细胞癌4例、鳞状细胞癌16例、黏液腺癌1例.21例均顺利出院.获随访9例,随访时间4～28个月.死亡6例,术后生存时间3～21个月,其中死于心肌梗死2例,癌肿转移4例. 结论 高龄、结石病史长、患肾积液及感染明显的肾结石,术前应考虑合并肾盂癌的可能;CT与MRU检查对诊断肾结石合并肾盂癌有重要价值;早期诊断、早期处理肾结石并发肾盂癌可延长患者存活期.     

肾结石并发肾盂癌的诊治体会

目的探讨肾结石并发肾盂癌患者的诊断、治疗和随访,提高对肾结石并发肾盂癌临床特点的认识。方法回顾分析2014年10月至2016年11月收治的3例肾结石并发肾盂癌患者的临床资料。结果3例患者经术后病理证实为肾盂癌:左肾下盏浸润性尿路上皮癌1例、浸润性乳头状尿路上皮癌,伴鳞状上皮化生1例、肾盂腺癌(部分为肠型腺癌,部分为黏液腺癌,部分为印戒细胞癌)1例。2例患者行患肾根治性切除+淋巴结清扫术,1例肾结石伴有患肾重度积水无功能,术前未发现肾盂肿瘤,行肾切除术。术后随访1年,术后分别生存12、8、6个月。结论肾结石并发肾盂癌患者临床较为隐匿,术前发现困难,重点多放在结石处理上,容易漏诊。发现多为晚期,进展迅速,预后差,应加强对此类患者临床特点的认识,早期诊断、早期治疗尤为重要。     

肾结石并发肾盂肿瘤的漏诊原因

目的：探讨肾结石并发肾盂肿瘤的漏诊原因。方法：对13例肾结石并发肾盂肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：术前经B超、CT诊断为肾结彳亍并发肾盂肿瘤仅2例．漏诊11例．漏诊率为84．6％。5例行根治性肾切除．8例因肾结石并肾重度积液、功能丧失．病理报告肾结石并发肾盂非上皮性肿瘤而行单纯肾切除。10例获随访．6例生存已6个月～6年。结论：患者除具一般肾结石的症状、体征外．缺乏特异性。术前应高度重视临床资料中提示的有意义的征象．术中应仔细探查。     

鹿角形肾结石合并肾盂癌的诊治

目的:提高鹿角形肾结石合并肾盂癌的诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析16例鹿角形肾结石合并肾盂癌患者的临床资料。结果:16例患者中,13例行CT检查,确诊4例;2例行MRI检查,确诊1例。术前确诊的5例患者行根治性肾输尿管切除加膀胱袖状切除。5例分别于开放手术或PCNL术中发现新生物,活检证实后行根治性肾切除加输尿管部分切除。1例行经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)者后2个月再次手术时发现转移而被迫放弃手术。5例无功能肾者于肾切除术后常规病检发现合并肾盂癌。病理检查证实为鳞状细胞癌12例,移行细胞癌3例,腺癌1例。获随访10例,随访时间1~35个月,死亡7例,术后生存时间1~27个月。结论:鹿角形肾结石合并肾盂癌诊断困难,预后差。对结石病史长、合并感染或肉眼血尿者,术前应考虑合并肾盂癌的可能。CT与MRI检查对诊断鹿角形肾结石合并肾盂癌有重要价值;对术前未确诊而又怀疑结石合并肾盂癌患者,建议行开放手术,勿选PCNL。     

楔形切除肾门后唇修复医原性肾盂撕脱伤(附七例报告)

目的　总结楔形切除肾门后唇修复医原性肾盂撕脱伤的经验。　方法　男 5例 ,女 2例。平均年龄 45岁。肾结石手术取石中撕脱肾盂 6例 ,输尿管硬镜取石撕脱 1例。均采用楔形切除肾门后唇约 3 .0cm× 2 .0cm ,修补肾盂撕脱 ,肾造瘘管作支架 ,留置 4～ 5周。　结果　 7例手术修补均成功 ,平均手术时间 13 0min ,平均出血 3 0 0ml,术后无漏尿。随访 3～ 3 6个月 ,IVU显示无肾盂狭窄及肾积水。　结论　此术式不阻断肾蒂 ,出血少 ,术野清晰 ,肾门出口宽大 ,肾盂修补吻合便利 ,能有效防止术后肾盂狭窄     

肾结石并肾盂癌的诊治

目的探讨肾结石合并肾肿瘤的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析7例肾结石合并肾肿瘤患者的病例资料。结果7例患者中,1例术前IVU、B超及CT均提示肾盂癌,另6例IVU及B超均未发现肾盂癌,其中2例经术前CT检查发现肾盂内肿瘤性占位;2例PCNL术后因出血行CT检查发现肾盂肿物;1例PCNL术中发现肾盂肿物,后病理证实为肾盂癌;1例由肾切除术后病理证实。7例均接受根治性肾输尿管全切术。对所有患者进行随访,1例因肾盂癌在皮肤切口处种植,后转移至全身多处,6个月后死亡。余6例患者在随访期间未发现肾盂癌复发或转移。结论肾结石合并肾盂癌的诊断较困难,应联合影像学、病理活检等对其筛查,以期尽早明确诊断。当作出肾结石合并肾盂癌的诊断后,应放弃对结石的治疗,尽快行根治性肾输尿管全切术。     

后腹腔镜肾输尿管切除治疗肾盂癌22例

目的评价后腹腔镜肾输尿管切除术治疗肾盂癌的疗效。方法2002年12月-2005年11月，我院行后腹腔镜肾输尿管切除治疗肾盂癌22例。膀胱镜袖状切除患侧输尿管口，后腹腔镜切除患肾，并于下腹部做切口，将患肾、输尿管全部切除，取出。结果22例手术均获得成功。手术时间2～5h，平均4．3h。出血量50～600ml，平均187ml。引流量50～200ml/d，平均120ml/d，术后24-48h拔除引流管。住院时间8-13d，平均10d。22例均为肾盂移行细胞癌。22例随访1-24个月，平均14个月，均未复发。结论后腹腔镜肾输碌管切除治疗肾盂癌，可取得满意的效果，旦手术创伤小，恢复快，值得临床推广。     

复杂性肾结石153例手术治疗体会

目的 :探讨手术治疗肾结石的意义。方法 :对 15 3例复杂性肾结石采用手术治疗 ,其中肾盂 (含肾窦内肾盂 )切开取石 84例 ,肾盂肾下后唇切开取石 3 4例 ,肾实质切开取石 2 8例 ,肾下盏肾部分切除 2例 ,马蹄肾狭部离断肾实质联合切开取石 2例 ,重复肾合并肾结患肾切除 1例 ,肾结石并发脓肾肾切除 2例。结果 :术后有不同程度的出血 18例 ,9例并发尿路感染。结论 :复杂性肾结石治疗方法应根据情况而定 ,开放性手术尤其在基层医院仍占有很重要的地位。     

Two cases of spontaneous fistula between urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract

This is a report of two cases of a fistula between the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. One case was a 56-year-old female patient with a right pyeloduodenal fistula, and the other was a 38-year-old female with a left ureterodescending colon fistula. The chief complaint was right lumbago in the first case, and fever and left lumbago in the second case. Both cases were diagnosed by retrograde pyelography. In both cases, the ailing kidney appeared to be non-functioning, and the former was operated by nephrectomy, fistulectomy, and duodenectomy in the cuneate form, while the latter was operated by nephrectomy and fistulectomy. The cause of the formation of the fistula was considered to be chronic pyelonephritis accompanied by renal stones in the first case, and rupture of the colon diverticulitis in the second case. Postoperative prognosis was satisfactory in both cases.     

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis coexisting with fistula between ureter and sigmoid colon: a case report

A 63-year-old woman with the complaints of left renal stone and fistula between left ureter and colon was transferred to our clinic by a local doctor. Anemia, gamma-globulinemia, and acceleration of ESR were detected by hematology on admission. Kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray and intravenous pyelography showed left non-functioning kidney with coral stone, and RP revealed a fistula between left ureter and sigmoid colon. She was operated by nephroureterectomy and fistulectomy. The resected kidney appeared pale and parenchyma was almost replaced by yellowish tissue and pus. Histologically, the lesion was confirmed to be xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Meanwhile, the cause of the fistula was considered to be due to extending ureteritis and pelvic infection from the pyelonephritis. Postoperative course was satisfactory.     

Ileocutaneous fistula formation following laparoscopic polypropylene mesh hernia repair

A rare case of enterocutaneous fistula caused by chronic erosion of polypropylene mesh after laparoscopic repair of a recurrent inguinal hernia is described. Successful treatment was achieved by fistulectomy, total resection of the implanted mesh, and small-bowel segmental resection. The patient recovered well postoperatively, and at follow-up 18 months later, the herniorrhaphy has remained intact. This complication needs to be added to the differential diagnosis in patients who present inflammation, abscess formation, or cutaneous fistula following laparoscopic hernia repair. Received: 7 October 1996/Accepted: 14 October 1996     

Primary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis with a pyeloduodenal fistula: a case report

A 62-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of fever and right flank pain. On excretory pyelography the right kidney containing three renal stones was not visualized. Retrograde pyelography revealed an irregular filling defect in the right renal pelvis. Computed tomography revealed renal stones and a tumor mass in the right renal pelvis. From these findings, the pelvic tumor of the right kidney complicated by renal stones was diagnosed. Right nephrectomy was performed. Because a fistula between the renal pelvis and the second portion of the duodenum was found in the operation, partial resection of the duodenum was also performed. Pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis and pyeloduodenal fistula due to chronic pyelonephritis. Postoperative chemotherapy was not given. This is the first case report of adinocarcinoma of the renal pelvis coexisting with a pyeloduodenal fistula.     

Enucleation of renal tumor using microwave tissue coagulator: a case report

A 69-year-old man was referred to our department for a cystic tumor, 4.0 cm in diameter, in the lower portion of the right kidney, which was detected by computed tomography. The patient had been admitted to the department of surgery in our hospital for treatment of ileus caused by transverse colon cancer. With a diagnosis of cystic renal cell carcinoma. T2N0M0, in situ non-ischemic tumor enucleation was performed using a microwave tissue coagulator (Microtaze, Heiwa Electronics Industry Inc., Tokyo). The enucleation was accompanied by a defect of the renal pelvis, but it was easily repaired. The operation time was 120 minutes and blood loss was 110 cc. The histological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, pT2N0M0V1, expansive, alveolar type, clear cell subtype, G1 > G2. Diagnostic imaging done postoperatively showed no sign of damage to renal function. At the present time, the patient has been disease-free with interferon-alpha for 12 months and is being followed on an outpatient basis. In this report, the advantages of nephron-sparing surgery, especially in situ non-ischemic tumor enucleation using a microwave tissue coagulator for renal tumor are discussed. In particular, the technique of performing tumor enucleation with repair of the defect of renal pelvis used in this case may extend the indication of nephron-sparing surgery.     

Pyeloureterostomy with interposition of the appendix

PURPOSE: We describe the successful repair of a 6 cm. ureteral stricture involving the right ureteropelvic junction and proximal ureter using appendix as a ureteral substitute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 37-year-old man involved in a motorcycle accident presented with a retroperitoneal urinoma and a 6 cm. proximal ureteral stricture. At flank exploration we were unable to perform successfully primary pyeloureterostomy through renal descensus with ureteral mobilization. The appendix was selected to bridge the ureteral defect. The right colon and cecum were mobilized to the area of the diseased ureter and the appendix was transected across the base of the cecum. Ureteral scar tissue was resected and the appendix was interposed in an isoperistaltic orientation from renal pelvis to proximal ureter. RESULTS: Convalescence was unremarkable. Retrograde pyelography and flexible ureteroscopy 2 months postoperatively demonstrated a patent anastomosis and viable appendix. The ureteral stent was removed at that time. Excretory urography 3 months postoperatively revealed prompt enhancement of the 2 kidneys and visualization of the 2 ureters. Mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3 renal scan 5 months postoperatively confirmed no scintigraphic evidence of obstruction. The patient was asymptomatic 6 months postoperatively and renal function tests were normal. CONCLUSIONS: The appendix can be considered for proximal ureteral defects extending to the right renal pelvis.     

Ureterocolonic fistula formation 12 years after a nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis with a staghorn stone

A postoperative ureterocolonic fistula is rare; only two cases have been reported in the past 38 years in the English medical literature. A 77-year-old female with left renal tuberculosis and staghorn stone received a nephrectomy and a 9-month course of antituberculous therapy. Twelve years later, she experienced repeated urinary tract infection and associated pneumaturia despite medical treatment. Cystoscopy revealed yellowish debris in the bladder, and a computed tomographic examination showed an air bubble in the bladder and a highly suspected fistula between the left ureteral stump and sigmoid colon. After a fistulectomy, she completely recovered, and follow-up urinalysis yielded normal results. This case report highlights this rare condition of urinary tract infection secondary to fistula formation from the ureteral stump even 12 years postoperatively. In addition, we compare different imaging techniques and hypothesize that a nephroureterectomy may be indicated for an inflammatory nonfunctioning kidney containing a staghorn stone.     

肾移植术后并发泌尿系统肿瘤8例报告

目的总结肾移植术后并发泌尿系统肿瘤的诊治体会。方法8例患者在肾移植术后3-16年出现间歇性血尿,通过B超、静脉尿路造影（IVU）、膀胱镜、输尿管镜、逆行肾盂造影、CT及内窥镜下取材活检等,证实1例为肾盂肿瘤,3例为输尿管肿瘤,3例为膀胱肿瘤,1例为尿道肿瘤。肾盂肿瘤和输尿管肿瘤的5例均采取肾、输尿管全程及膀胱部分切除术;3例膀胱肿瘤患者中,2例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,1例膀胱全切术,在行肿瘤切除术前后需适当调整免疫抑制治疗方案。术后通过膀胱灌注给予丝裂霉素、吡柔比星、表阿霉素等进行化疗。结果1例患者因肿瘤复发或新发而接受了二次肿瘤切除术,1例发生肺转移;8例患者10次手术均顺利,治疗效果满意。结论对肾移植术后并发泌尿系统肿瘤的患者,关键在于早期诊断、积极治疗,应慎重对待肾移植术后出现血尿的患者,以免漏诊。     

Spontaneous disappearance of multiple lung metastases after nephroureterectomy from sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis: A case report

We report a case in which lung metastases disappeared spontaneously after nephroureterectomy from sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis. A 58-year-old man presented with gross hematuria. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a left renal tumor and multiple lung metastases. Intravenous pyelography revealed a filling defect in the upper renal calyx. Urine cytology was positive. Left renal pelvic cancer was diagnosed and nephroureterectomy performed. The resected specimen was diagnosed pathologically as sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Approximately 5 months later, CT revealed that the lung metastases had disappeared. There has been no evidence of disease for 46 months postoperatively.