药理学实验教学的改革及其效果评价

目的分析探讨药理学实验教学方法和考核制度改革是否有利于提高学生综合能力．斤法在传统教学模式的基础上引入PBL教学模式;学生完成所有实验课程后,实行考核制度,并对教学效果进行调杏分析．结果PBL教学模式相比传统教学模式可以显著地提高学生自主学习能力．实验考核制度调整可明显提高药理学实验教学质量．结论PBL教学模式有助于提高学生的自主学习能力．药理学实验教学实行考核制度是可行的,可以增强实验教学效果、提高学生实践能力．     

CAI在生理学实验教学中的运用与思考

随着医学教学的发展和改革调整，对生理学实验教学的要求在不断提高，计算机辅助教学（computer assisted instruction．CAI）是当前教学改革的主要趋势，也是实现教学现代化的主要方向。它将有力促进教学内容和教学方法的改革，甚至会推动教学模式的改革。运用CAI，提高实验教学的科学性、时效性、现实性已势在必行，同时也为学生学习计算机知识和技能得以运用提供了实践机会，为医学基础理论教学与临床实践接轨创建良好的条件。我们在生理学实验教学巾运用了MS-302多媒体化生物信号记录分析处理系统，锻炼了学生的计算机运用和生理实验能力．提高了生理实验教学效果．取得了较好的成绩。     

分析测试实验课程的开设与实践

实验教学对医药类院校学生创新精神和实践能力的培养具有特殊的作用。通过3年的实验教学改革，我们体会到，开设分析测试实验这种综合性的实验课程，不但促进了实验室规范化建设，而且提高了学生的综合应用能力和科研能力，使实验教学工作提高到了一个新的水平。     

依托省级实验教学示范中心，培养医学生创新实践能力

实验教学示范中心是培养学生创新实践能力的重要平台,学生创新实践能力的提升是高等教育教学质量提高的重要标志。结合创建省级实验教学示范中心的实践,从实验教学理念、构建三层实验教学体系、优化实验教学模式、创新实验教学平台管理和开放实验教学方法等方面进行了详细阐述。     

开设基础与临床结合创新性实验教学项目的探索

首都医科大学基础医学实验教学中心开设了基础与临床结合创新性实验教学项目，该项目有利于培养学生的实践能力和创新精神，提高学生的综合素质。     

改革《基础护理学》实验教学方法 培养学生综合能力

目的：通过对《基础护理学》实验教学方法改革，探索出有效的实验教学模式，培养学生综合素质。方法：在基础护理学实验教学中将30名护生随机分为试验组和时照组，对照组采用传统的教学法，试验组采用新的教学方式。结果：实验组综合能力明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：在护理学基础实验教学中采取新的教学方式的同时，引进以问题为基础的教学方法，注重学生整体护理能力和培养，运用角色扮演，真人真做，改革考核办法，在实验课中引入比赛方式等，有效地提高了学生实践技能和综合能力。     

在实验教学中培养学生的创新意识和实践能力

1目的和意义 素质教育的核心是创新意识和实践能力的培养，也是中等职业学校培养目标所要求的。实验教学是培养学生创新意识和实践能力的重要途径。实验教学的广阔性、灵活性和自主性为学生创新意识和实践能力的培养提供了想像和锻炼的空间。因此，要培养学生的创新意识和实践能力，就要加强实验教学的改革，重视实验教学的地位。     

病理生理学研究生实验教学的几点体会

提高学生的创新意识和实践能力已成为医学研究生教学改革的关键。病理生理学系在实验教学方面采取对研究生进行实验技术带教、定期学术报告、让学生参与实验教学和实验室管理等形式，取得良好效果，使学生的科研能力得到提高。     

微生物学探索性实验教学的尝试

在高等教育面临着素质教育、培养创新人才的新形式下，以提高学生的综合素质、培养学生的创新精神、创新能力为出发点，在微生物学实验教学中开设探索性实验。实践表明，探索性实验的开展充分调动了学生的学习热情，增强了学生独立动手能力、综合分析能力和创新意识，提高了微生物学实验教学质量。     

预防医学本科教学中综合实践平台建设

培养预防医学本科生具备较高的综合实践技能是新公共卫生体系下人才培养的总目标。针对实验教学环节实施改革是提高学生动手能力和综合实践能力的基础。河北大学公共卫生学院改革传统预防实验教学模式,整合预防医学实验教材、创设预防医学综合实践平台,针对预防医学本科实验教学的基础性、综合性和创新设计性实验环节,摸索出了以学生自主学习为主导的多元化实验教学模式,有效地提高了学生的实践意识、创新思维和能力。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.