变应性鼻炎对学龄期儿童认知及情绪的影响

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎（AR）对学龄期儿童认知及情绪的影响。方法 本研究选择2021年10月～2022年10月80例AR患儿为研究对象,设为观察组,并选择80例年龄、性别配对的健康儿童设为对照组。评估两组儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）、儿童焦虑自评表（SCARED）以及韦氏儿童智力量表（C-WISC）,分析观察组患儿鼻炎症状评分（TNSS）与上述量表评分的相关性。结果 观察组DSRSC评分、SCARED评分均显著高于对照组,C-WISC评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组TNSS评分（7.29±1.71）分,TNSS评分与DSRSC评分、SCARED评分呈正相关,与C-WISC评分呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 患有变应性鼻炎的学龄期儿童具有明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪,认知功能下降,且与鼻炎严重程度有关。     

30例学校恐惧症人格和情绪特征研究

目的：探讨学校恐惧症的临床特征。方法：对30例学校恐惧症患儿（研究组）和30名正常对照儿童（对照组）进行艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）,儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛选量表（SCARED）,焦虑自评量表（SAS）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估。结果：研究组患儿EPQ结果显示神经质得分显著高于对照组,掩饰程度得分显著低于对照组（P均〈0.05）;SCARED、SAS、SDS的评估显示,与对照组相比,研究组存在明显焦虑和抑郁症状（P〈0.05）。结论：学校恐惧症患儿可能具有神经症的个性特点,普遍存在焦虑和抑郁症状。     

儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表的临床应用

目的研究儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表SCARED在儿童及青少年情绪障碍中的应用。方法随机抽取上海市精神卫生中心儿童心理门诊符合CCMD-3诊断标准的焦虑症患儿35例,多动障碍患儿31例,随机抽取上海市某中小学45例健康儿童为对照组。研究组患儿及父母均填写SCARED量表,对照组填写SCARED量表并在一周后重测,多动症组评估SCARED量表。结果研究组SCARED量表总分及各因子分均分别显著高于对照组、多动症组。患儿自评与父母评定的相关系数在0．618至0．839之间。重测信度在0．451～0．872之间,各因子分与总分相关系数在0．331～0．852之间,Cronbach‘s a系数在0．2331至0．8032之间。SCARED量表总分与焦虑自评量表总分相关系数为0．661。结论SCARED量表信、效度良好,可作为临床辅助诊断及科研的筛查工具。     

目睹特大火灾1年后初中生的焦虑情绪及影响因素

目的:探讨目睹特大火灾1年后初中生的焦虑情绪以及影响因素. 方法:采用方便抽样方法抽取距某火灾现场200 m某中学初中生311名(研究组)及与之学校性质、年级相匹配的某中学430名初中生(对照组)在火灾发生后1年时进行儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、青少年应对方式量表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)及埃森儿童青少年创伤问卷(ETI-KJ)调查;以火灾发生1个月后相同人群的调查资料作为基线,对调查结果进行对照分析. 结果:研究组焦虑情绪的变化率(6.4％)明显高于对照组(1.3％)(x2=13.03,P ＜0.001);SCARED总分、广泛性焦虑及躯体化/惊恐因子分明显高于对照组(P均＜0.05).研究组中14～16岁年龄段、火灾1个月后有焦虑症状及创伤后应激障碍、应对方式为自我反思、暴力宣泄及自我感受、养育方式中父母亲过分干涉、过度保护、以及父亲拒绝否认、惩罚、严厉的学生更容易出现焦虑情绪(P均＜0.05).结论:目睹特大火灾1年后初中生焦虑情绪仍在增加;个人及环境等多种因素是其影响因素.     

一次偶发劫持事件后对儿童心理卫生状况影响的对照研究

目的了解劫持事件对儿童心理卫生状况的影响。方法在上海某小学发生学生被劫持事件后的一月，对被劫持事件发生班级中暴露于劫持事件的全体39名学生使用Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL），儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表（SCARED），Rutter父母及教师问卷进行评估。选取同年级的另外一个班级的所有45名学生作为对照组，采用同样方法进行评估。结果除研究组女生CBCL社交退缩因子与对照组之间有统计学差异外（分别为1．4±1．8，3．1±2．6；t=2．218，P=0．033），研究组与对照组在其他CBCL因子、SCARED和Rutter父母及教师问卷得分差异无统计学意义。结论本次研究未发现偶发劫持事件对儿童心理卫生状况的影响。     

脑瘫患儿母亲焦虑情绪调查及心理干预前后对比

目的研究脑瘫患儿母亲的情绪问题及不同疾病程度脑瘫患儿母亲的焦虑情绪是否有差异,并了解心理干预前后的变化。方法研究组采用焦虑自评量表评估郑州市儿童医院康复病区住院的轻、中、重度脑瘫患儿母亲各20例,并采用认知疗法、心理疏导等心理干预措施给予治疗,对照组系儿保科正常儿童的母亲共30例。结果脑瘫患儿母亲焦虑自评量表的粗分及标准分明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,中重度脑瘫患儿母亲焦虑自评量表得分高于轻度脑瘫患儿母亲（P〈0．01）,心理干预后研究组焦虑自评量表得分显著低于治疗前（P〈0.05）。结论脑瘫患儿母亲普遍存在焦虑情绪,不同疾病程度焦虑症状不同。心理治疗能有效缓解脑瘫患儿母亲的焦虑情绪。     

儿童焦虑症状与性别、年龄的关系

目的 探讨儿童焦虑症状随性别、年龄的变化趋势及焦虑症状与性别、年龄之间的关系.方法 在小学和初中随机抽取4 200名7～15岁的儿童,进行儿童焦虑障碍自评量表（SCARED）的测量,并按年龄分组,分析性别和年龄与自评量表得分之间的关系.结果 各焦虑维度评分及焦虑总分在性别与年龄之间均有交互作用（P＜0.05）;男、女儿童不同年龄组的各焦虑维度评分及焦虑总分差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;10～11岁年龄组分离性维度（t=-2.591,P=0.010）、社交维度（t=-3.573,P=0.00）、焦虑总分（t=-2.288,P=0.022）,以及14 ～ 15岁年龄组躯体化维度（t=-2.349,P=0.019）、广泛性维度（t=-4.65,P=0.00）、分离性维度（t=-4.513,P=0.00）、社交维度（t=-5.25,P=0.00）、学校维度（t=-2.073,P=0.039）、焦虑总分（t=-5.057,P=0.00）均女生高于男生.结论 性别、年龄对儿童焦虑症状的交互作用明显;男、女儿童焦虑症状均随年龄发生变化,但呈现不同变化趋势,随年龄增长男生的焦虑症状减轻而女生的焦虑症状增多;女生焦虑症状明显于男生,尤其在14～15年龄段.     

影响初中生学习成绩的相关因素

目的：探讨影响初中生学习成绩的相关因素。方法：用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）、应对方式问卷、父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）对上海市杨浦区一所普通中学288名学生进行调查。结果：成绩优良组与普通组在性别、年龄、父母亲文化、家庭结构、经济条件、是否独生子女方面差异显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。普通组与优良组在学校恐怖，焦虑、抑郁总分，应对方式、解决问题、自责、合理性，父母养育方式存在显著差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。回归分析显示性别与年龄、解决问题、情感温暖和理解对学习成绩有影响（P〈0．01）。结论：影响初中生学习成绩的因素除了有智力因素外，还与家庭环境、性别、年龄、焦虑和抑郁情绪、应对方式、父母养育方式等心理社会因素密切相关。     

2型糖尿病患者负性情绪研究

目的：探讨负性情绪与2型糖尿病的关系。方法：对51例2型糖尿病患者与50例正常对照者进行负性情绪比较，采用生活事件量表（LES）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及焦虑自评量表（SAS）测评。结果：与对照组比较，糖尿病组的负性生活事件刺激量和总刺激量得分均显著较高（P均〈0．01）；而社会支持总分、主观支持分及支持利用度分均显著较低（P均〈0．01）。糖尿病组SCL-90总分及躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧6个因子分与SDS、SAS评分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：2型糖尿病患者存在明显的负性情绪，有针对性的心理干预可能对其防治起重要作用。     

脑瘤患儿及其父母心理状态的调查

目的探讨脑瘤患儿及其父母的心理特征。方法选取我科2009年10月至2013年8月收治的78对脑瘤患儿及其父亲或母亲。患儿包括40例脑瘤初发、38例脑瘤术后康复期。另选取80对年龄、性别相匹配的正常儿童作为正常对照。采用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)和儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)对以上被试进行心理测评,同时采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对2组脑瘤患儿的父亲或母亲进行心理状态调查。结果 DSRSC三组被试评分,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。SCARED结果显示,初诊脑瘤组患儿在总分及各因子得分与正常对照组相比无统计学意义(P0.05);术后康复组患儿在总分及躯体化惊恐、广泛性焦虑、社交恐怖的因子得分显著高于正常对照组,且在广泛性焦虑的因子得分显著高于初诊组患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。SAS和SDS结果显示:78名脑瘤患儿父母中有42例(53.85%)存在焦虑,32例(41.03%)存在抑郁,脑瘤患儿父母的SAS和SDS总分均高于我国常模分,差异均有显著统计学意义(P0.001)。其中初发脑瘤组父母的焦虑得分明显高于术后康复组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑瘤患儿父母的焦虑与抑郁有正相关性(r=0.953,P0.001),但与脑瘤患儿的焦虑、抑郁得分无相关性(P0.05)。结论术后康复期脑瘤患儿的焦虑抑郁情况较初诊脑瘤患儿及正常儿童严重。脑瘤患儿父母合并有不同程度的焦虑、抑郁心理。     

Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in primary care patients

Background: Anxiety and depressive disorders have a significant and negative impact on quality of life. However, less is known about the effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional and physical functioning, the effects of anxiety symptoms on functioning independent of depressive symptoms, and the effects of depressive symptoms on functioning independent of anxiety symptoms.Method: Participants included 919 patients, recruited from 2 university-affiliated primary care clinics between May 2004 and September 2006, who completed self-report measures of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life.Results: Almost 40% of the sample reported anxiety symptoms and 30% reported depressive symptoms. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with all domains of quality of life. When anxiety and depressive symptoms were added simultaneously, both remained significant. As the severity of anxiety or depressive symptoms increased, quality of life decreased. Furthermore, patients with moderate to severe anxiety or depressive symptoms had greater impairments in most quality of life domains than patients with acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or diabetes.Conclusion: Detection and treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the primary care setting should be emphasized.     

Web-based survey of depression, anxiety and stress in first-year tertiary education students in Hong Kong

OBJECTIVE: The mental health of tertiary education students is an area of increasing concern worldwide. The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in first-year tertiary education students in Hong Kong. METHOD: Depression, anxiety and stress were measured by the 42-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, completed on the web by participating students anonymously. RESULTS: A total of 7915 students completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 27.5%. Depression, anxiety and stress levels of moderate severity or above were found in 21%, 41% and 27% of our respondents, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The web-based survey methodology was well accepted by our sample group of tertiary education students. We found high rates of psychological morbidity in first-year tertiary education students in Hong Kong. The high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in the first year of college life is alarming. It illustrates the need for primary and secondary prevention measures, with development of adequate and appropriate support services for this group.     

上海市浦东新区精神疾病患者期望寿命回顾性分析

目的了解上海市浦东新区精神疾病患者的期望寿命,以探讨精神疾病对期望寿命的影响。方法将浦东新区1999—2008年精神疾病患者与该区普通人群进行比对,采用标准化死亡率,期望寿命等指标进行分析。结果 1999—2008年浦东新区精神疾病患者累计死亡率为13.26‰,标化死亡率为12.57‰,15岁后的各年龄组的标化死亡率均高于普通人群;性别对精神疾病患者的标化死亡率的无影响;10岁组精神疾病患者期望寿命为63.0岁,低于浦东新区普通人群的期望寿命（72.1岁）。结论人群罹患精神疾病后期望寿命较普通人群低。     

Outcome of depressive and anxiety disorders among young adults: Results from the Longitudinal Finnish Health 2011 Study

Purpose of the study: We investigated the outcomes and outcome predictors of depressive and anxiety disorders in a general population sample of young adults with a lifetime history of these disorders.

Materials and methods: The study sample was derived from a nationally representative two-stage cluster sample of Finns aged 19–34 years. The original study was carried out in 2003–2005, and the follow-up in 2011. We investigated participants diagnosed with a depressive or anxiety disorder based on a SCID interview (excluding those with only a single specific phobia) (DAX-group, N?=?181). The control group included those with no DSM-IV- diagnosis (N?=?290). They were followed up with the M-CIDI interview assessing 12-month depressive and anxiety disorders in 2011.

Results: In 2011, 22.8% of the DAX-group was diagnosed with a depressive or anxiety disorder compared to 9.8% of the control group. Education was lower and quality of life worse in the DAX-group than in the control group. Those participants of the DAX-group who received a diagnosis in 2011 had poorer quality of life than those in remission, which emphasizes the influence of a current disorder on the quality of life. Higher score in the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) at baseline predicted poorer quality of life in 2011.

Conclusions: Thus, depressive and anxiety disorders were persistent/recurrent in one quarter of participants, significantly affecting education and quality of life. Young adults with these disorders need support to achieve their academic goals.     

Quality of life in geriatric generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary investigation

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of late-life generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) on health-related quality of life. METHOD: We compared quality of life in 75 treatment-seeking older adults with GAD, 39 of whom had psychiatric comorbidity, with 32 older adults without psychiatric illness. We examined predictors of quality of life in these samples. We also compared data from the GAD patients to published norms from a large national sample of older adults with chronic medical conditions or major depression. RESULTS: Older GAD patients reported worse health-related quality of life across most domains than asymptomatic older individuals. There were no differences in quality of life between GAD patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity, and comorbidity did not predict quality of life in multivariate regression analyses. Presence of GAD or symptoms of anxiety or depression were significantly related to impairment in every domain of quality of life. Comparisons with national norms suggest that older GAD patients report overall worse quality of life than individuals with recent acute myocardial infarction or type II diabetes, and are comparable in quality of life to individuals with major depression. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that late-life GAD is associated with substantial impairment in quality of life, and these findings cannot be explained by psychiatric comorbidity.     

A cross-sectional study on the health related quality of life of depressed Chinese older people in Shanghai

BACKGROUND: With an increasing life expectancy, there is a rapidly growing sector that is aging. Depression is the most prevalent functional mental disorder of older population. It is estimated that about 21% of the older population in Shanghai are suffering from depression. AIM: This study investigated the self-rated health related quality of life of community-dwelling older people diagnosed with depression in Shanghai, and to examine the relationships between this and mental and physical health, functional status and social support. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two community centres with a convenience sample of 71 participants. Measures included subjective perception of health related quality of life, level of depression, cognitive function, number of medical conditions, activities of daily living, functional abilities, and social support. The majority of the participants were female (n=52, 73.23%), and married (n=51, 71.8%). RESULTS: A higher level of depression was related to a poorer health related quality of life. Participants were least satisfied with their physical health. The level of depression, activities of daily living and satisfaction with social support were predictors of health related quality of life ratings. CONCLUSION: The study identified how depression affects the bio-psychosocial status of Chinese older people. Findings are discussed in light of the socio-cultural environment in Shanghai.     

Prevalence of depression and anxiety in hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and their quality of life: a pilot study

Introduction: There is a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It has been reported that if left untreated, the psychiatric comobidities can lead to poorer quality of life. The present study was initiated to investigate the prevalence of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in hospitalized COPD patients and their quality of life. Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME‐MD) was administered to screen an opportunistic sample of COPD patients admitted to a general hospital for the abovementioned psychiatric disorders. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) was utilized to assess quality of life. Results: Fifty‐one patients were analyzed. The prevalence of major depressive disorder in this sample on screening was 7.8% (95% CI 2.2–18.9) and that of anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder) was 5.9% (95% CI 1.2–16.2). The quality of life of COPD patients with psychiatric comorbidities in the present study was severely impaired in seven of the eight domains measured by the SF‐36. Discussion: Despite the small sample size of COPD patients, the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities was not insignificant. The present study showed that the quality of life of hospitalized COPD patients with psychiatric illnesses was significantly lowered. Treatment of COPD should include addressing psychosocial issues.     

Anxiety comorbidity and quality of life in bipolar disorder patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of anxiety comorbidity on the quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS: We undertook a cross-Sectional survey of 162 BD outpatients interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The primary outcome measure was quality of life, assessed with the 26-item WHO Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS: Anxiety comorbidity in BD patients was associated with lower scores in all domains of quality of life. The impact of anxiety comorbidity on the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-BREF was kept, even when the current level of depression was added to the model as a confounding factor. Current anxiety comorbidity was also associated with lifetime alcohol abuse and dependence, rapid cycling, lifetime psychosis, number of suicide attempts, and a lower score in the Global Assessment of Functioning measure. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that anxiety comorbidity in BD patients is related to lower quality of life, particularly on the psychological domain. BD-anxiety comorbidity may be associated with such markers of illness severity as number of suicide attempts, rapid cycling, lifetime alcohol abuse, and psychosis. The recognition and treatment of anxiety comorbidity may help patients with BD to relieve their psychological pain and improve their overall quality of life.     

心理干预对中学生考试焦虑疗效的初步研究

目的探讨中学生考试焦虑与考试成绩的相关性，研究心理干预对考试焦虑及考试成绩的影响。方法选择上海市长宁区某所中学初、高中生作为研究对象，采用SaraSon考试焦虑量表，在期中考试前2周进行测试，记录期中考试成绩。期中考试结束后进行为期2月的心理干预，在期末考试前再次测试，并记录期末考试成绩。结果考试焦虑与考试成绩具有明显相关性，对初中生来说，考试焦虑与考试成绩呈显著负相关。心理干预后高焦虑者焦虑分显著下降，初中生考试成绩有显著提高。结论心理干预能有效改善高焦虑者焦虑状况，提高初中生考试成绩。心理干预应从初中生开始并持续进行，对高中生应进行综合干预。