前交叉韧带损伤的MRI相关征象分析

目的：分析膝关节多种MRI征象对诊断前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的价值.方法：经关节镜证实的194例患者（包括前ACL正常膝97例、ACL损伤膝97例）,对ACL损伤的相关MRI直接征象和间接征象进行评价.结果：在评价的4个直接征g（ACI,连续性中断、信号缺失、形态异常及走行异常）中,除ACL信号缺失外,其余直接征象对诊断ACL损伤均具有统计学意义,其中韧带连续性中断具有较高的诊断敏感度（83.5%）、特异度（97.9%）及阳性似然比（39.8）.大多数间接征象具有较高的特异性和相对低的敏感性,其中Notch征、骨挫伤、外侧半月板后角裸露征及胫骨前移等征象具有较高的阳性似然比,分别为：＋∞、9.0、55.70和8.0.结论：前交叉韧带损伤的MRI直接征象是其诊断的主要依据;由于其间接征象具有较高的特异性和＋LR,因此可作为前交叉韧带损伤的辅助诊断依据,尤其是直接征象难以确诊的可疑ACL损伤者.     

MRI多征象分析对前交叉韧带损伤的诊断价值

目的：评价MRI对前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament,ACL）损伤多种征象的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析了128个膝关节的MR图像。全部膝关节均行关节镜检查,其中52个膝关节的ACL损伤,另外76个膝关节的ACL显示完整。在不告知关节镜结果的前提条件下,2名影像科医生共同对ACL损伤的5个直接征象和10个间接征象进行评价,意见不一致时协商解决差异。结果：在评价的5个直接征象中,ACL不连续和ACL走行异常具有相对高的诊断敏感性和特异性;在评价的10个间接征象中,大多数具有相对高的特异性和低的敏感性,其中空髁间窝征、Notch征、外侧半月板后角裸露征、PCL指数、冠状面PCL单层显示等征象特异性较高。结论：ACL损伤的直接征象为诊断的主要依据,以ACL不连续和ACL走行异常具有较高的诊断价值;ACL损伤的间接征象具有辅助诊断意义,其中空髁间窝征、Notch征、外侧半月板后角裸露征、PCL指数、冠状面PCL单层显示等征象最具有诊断价值。     

膝关节急性前交叉韧带撕裂的常见MRI征象分析

目的 :分析膝关节急性前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)撕裂的MRI征象,提高对ACL撕裂的术前诊断和评估能力。方法:回顾性分析117例经关节镜或手术证实急性ACL撕裂患者的临床及影像学资料,分析其MRI征象。结果:117例MRI直接征象主要为ACL纤维中断或部分不连续、弥漫性增粗并信号增高、走行异常、胫骨附着处撕脱骨折;间接征象主要为胫、股骨外侧髁的"对吻性"骨挫伤或骨折、后交叉韧带曲率增大、胫骨前移位、内侧副韧带损伤、内侧半月板撕裂。评估分析5种MRI直接征象得出,ACL走行异常具有相对高的诊断敏感度和特异度;5种MRI间接征象均诊断特异度高而敏感度低。结论 :MRI直接征象能较准确地诊断急性ACL撕裂,并评估其撕裂程度,可作为主要诊断依据;而MRI间接征象特异度较高、敏感度相对较低,不能作为主要诊断依据,但对明确诊断具有较大帮助,可作为辅助诊断依据。     

膝关节韧带损伤MRI诊断的评价(附36例分析)

目的：探讨膝关节韧带损伤的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法：分析36例经手术或关节镜证实的膝关节韧带损伤患者的MRI材料，重点分析了前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤的MRI表现。结果：前交叉韧带部分性撕裂为T1WI、T2WI、T2^*像上韧带内信号均增高，但纤维束仍保持其连续性和完整性；完全性撕裂的直接征象为韧带连续性中断、增粗或扭曲变形；看不到正常的ACL，于附着处出现一团块影，T2WI韧带内呈弥漫高信号；间接征象有胫骨前置和后交叉韧带变形等。结论：ACL损伤在MBI上有一定的特点。MRI是诊断膝关节韧带损伤的一种有效的无创性检查方法。     

膝关节前交叉韧带撕裂的低场强MRI诊断

膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）是膝关节重要但最易受损伤的稳。定结构之一。MRI具有较高的软组织对比度,是前交叉韧带损伤最重要的无创性诊断手段。MRI对ACL损伤的诊断主要依靠直接征象,间接征象作为补充。本研究复习125例经关节镜证实的膝关节损伤MRI资料,对其中34例ACL损伤的MRI征象进行分析,总结MRI在ACL损伤中的诊断价值。     

MRI诊断膝关节内侧副韧带损伤临床应用价值

目的 分析膝关节内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤的MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 对36例临床证实MCL损伤的膝关节MRI资料进行回顾性分析,对MCL的形态、走行、信号强度以及MCL撕裂的伴随征象均作了观察分析,判断有无MCL撕裂并进行分级.结果 MRI诊断MCL Ⅲ级损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93.3%,90.5%和91.7%.MCLⅡ级损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为81.8%,92%和88.8%.MCL I级损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为87.5%,92.9%和91.7%.MCL撕裂的伴随征象主要有关节囊积液、前交叉韧带(ACL)撕裂、骨挫伤,半月板损伤等.结论 MRI对MCL损伤的显现率高,并能进行准确分级,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

膝关节后交叉韧带撕裂的MRI表现及诊断价值

目的 探讨膝关节后交叉韧带(PCL)撕裂的MRI表现及其诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析31例经临床证实PCL撕裂患者的MRl资料.31例均行常规MRI矢状位T1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制FSE双回波矢状位和冠状位扫描.结果 PCL完全撕裂18例,部分性撕裂13例,其中实质部撕裂20例,近端撕裂7例,远端撕裂4例,完全撕裂中,实质部撕裂13例,近端撕裂3例,远端撕裂2例,部分性撕裂中,实质部撕裂7例,近端撕裂4例,远端撕裂2例.PCL撕裂的MRI直接征象表现为PCL消失、不连续、PCL肿大增粗或不规则变细、韧带信号异常;PCL撕裂的MRI间接征象及其伴随损伤包括内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤、骨挫伤、交叉韧带三角间隙积液、半月板损伤及软骨损伤等.MRI诊断PCL完全撕裂的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为88.9%、100%、100%、86.7%和93.5%,MRI诊断PCL部分性撕裂的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为76.9%、88.9%、83.3%、84.2%和83.9%.结论 MRI能较好地显示PCL撕裂的直接征象、间接征象及其伴随损伤,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

探讨半月板边缘部垂直撕裂与前交叉韧带损伤的关系

目的 探讨半月板边缘部垂直撕裂对诊断前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤的价值.方法 回顾性分析经关节镜证实的149例半月板撕裂的膝关节MRI结果,判断半月板撕裂的形态、位置以及前交叉韧带的情况.结果 149例半月板撕裂膝关节中,34个膝关节共36个半月板撕裂(其中2个膝关节内、外侧半月板同时撕裂),MRI显示为半月板边缘部垂直撕裂类型,其中29个膝关节同时伴有前交叉韧带损伤.其余115个膝关节,MRI显示为其他半月板撕裂类型,其中49例膝关节同时伴有前交叉韧带损伤.膝关节半月板边缘部垂直撕裂类型与其他的半月板撕裂类型比较,其合并前交叉韧带损伤的发生率分别为85.3%及42.6%,两者间具有显著性差异(χ2=19.2,P＜0.01).半月板边缘部垂直撕裂提示膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比分别为37.2%、93.0%和5.3.结论半月板边缘部垂直撕裂大部分合并有ACL损伤.     

后交叉韧带MRI相关指标在前交叉韧带损伤诊断中应用的研究进展

前交叉韧带(ACL)的主要功能是维持膝关节稳定, 防止胫骨平台前移。ACL损伤的占比已超过膝关节损伤的50%, 若诊治不及时, 将增加半月板和软骨等结构继发性损伤的风险, 造成膝关节慢性疼痛及退变。虽然大部分ACL损伤可通过其在MRI上的直接征象确定, 但对一些复杂情况及ACL部分撕裂的辨别仍不够明确, 继而影响治疗策略。ACL损伤后, 膝关节内部解剖关系的改变也会导致后交叉韧带(PCL)等其他结构在MRI上形态的改变, 这些间接征象可以辅助诊断ACL损伤。笔者就PCL MRI相关指标在ACL损伤诊断中应用的研究进展进行综述, 以期为临床决策提供参考和新思路。     

后交叉韧带的超声表现作为间接征象在前交叉韧带损伤诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨后交叉韧带的高低频超声表现为间接超声征象在前交叉韧带损伤诊断中的应用价值。方法:24例前交叉韧带损伤患者,其中男18例,女6例;年龄17～47岁,平均32.3岁。24例均行后交叉韧带的高低频超声检查,并与关节镜手术结果对照。结果:超声诊断符合者20例,假阴性4例,符合率约83.33%。结论:高低频超声结合能较准确地显示后交叉韧带,并可作为间接征象对前交叉韧带损伤情况进行诊断。     

Anterior cruciate ligament tears: MR imaging-based diagnosis in a pediatric population

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of primary and secondary magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in young patients with immature skeletal systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images obtained in 43 patients aged 5-16 years who underwent arthroscopy were retrospectively reviewed. Two reviewers evaluated primary findings (abnormal signal intensity, abnormal course as defined by Blumensaat angle, and discontinuity), secondary findings (bone bruise in lateral compartment, anterior tibial displacement, uncovering of posterior horn of lateral meniscus, posterior cruciate ligament line, and posterior cruciate angle), and meniscal and other ligamentous injuries. RESULTS: There were 19 ACL tears and 24 intact ACLs. Overall sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging in detecting ACL tears were 95% and 88%, respectively. Sensitivities of the primary findings were 94% for abnormal Blumensaat angle; 79%, abnormal signal intensity; and 21% discontinuity. The specificity of all primary findings was 88% or greater. The sensitivity and specificity of the secondary findings, respectively, were 68% and 88% for bone bruise; 63% and 92%, anterior tibial displacement; 42% and 96%, uncovered posterior horn of lateral meniscus; 68% and 92%, positive posterior cruciate line; and 74% and 71%, abnormal posterior cruciate angle. Fifteen (79%) patients had meniscal tears, and five (26%) had collateral ligament injuries. CONCLUSION: Primary and secondary findings of ACL tears in young patients have high specificity and are useful for diagnosis.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of anterior cruciate ligament tears: reevaluation of quantitative parameters and imaging findings including a simplified method for measuring the anterior cruciate ligament angle

We evaluated the diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears using both quantitative parameters and nonquantitative imaging findings. MRI examinations were retrospectively evaluated in a group of patients with arthroscopically confirmed complete ACL tear and in a control group with arthroscopically confirmed intact ACL. We evaluated multiple MRI features to compare their sensitivity and specificity for detecting ACL tears. Particular emphasis is put on the evaluation of three different quantitative parameters, including a simplified method for measuring the ACL angle. With a threshold value of 45° the ACL angle reached a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for detecting ACL tears. With a threshold value of 0° the Blumensaat angle had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 98%. Finally, a threshold value of 115° gave the posterior cruciate ligament angle a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 82%. Discontinuity was found to be the most useful of the ACL abnormalities. Of the secondary findings anterior tibial displacement was the best predictor of ligamentous injury. However, ACL abnormalities and secondary findings, alone or combined, failed to surpass the diagnostic value of the ACL angle for predicting ACL tears. Quantitative parameters are thus good predictors of ACL tears and may increase the overall sensitivity and specificity of MRI. The ACL angle may be confidently measured in a single MRI section and can be considered to be the most reliable quantitative parameter for detecting ACL tears.     

Partial and complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament

PURPOSE: To analyze MR direct and indirect signs for knees with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) partial or complete tear. MATERIAL AND METHODS: According to documented MR direct and indirect signs for ACL tear, we retrospectively reviewed the incidence of those signs in 15 partial ACL tear and 17 complete ACL tear patients. The findings were also compared with duration of injury (less or more than 6 weeks, as acute or chronic stages). RESULTS: A residual straight and tight ACL fiber in at least one pulse sequence was more frequently detected in partial ACL tears. The empty notch sign, a wavy contour of ACL, bone contusion at lateral compartment and lateral meniscus posterior horn tear were significantly more frequently seen in complete tear cases. The posterior cruciate ligament angle in chronic complete ACL tear cases (109 degrees +/-20 degrees ) had a tendency to be less than in chronic partial ACL tear cases (119+/-18 degrees ). CONCLUSION: The empty notch sign, a wavy ACL, bone contusion, and posterior horn of lateral meniscus tears are suggestive of a complete ACL tear. A residual straight and tight ACL fiber seen in at least one image section is a helpful sign to diagnosis of partial ACL tear. In the acute ACL injury stage, a focal increase of the ACL signal intensity is more suggestive of a partial ACL tear.     

膝关节韧带损伤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨膝关节韧带损伤的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法:36例临床怀疑膝关节损伤的患者于关节镜及手术前行MRI检查,以关节镜结果作为金标准,前瞻性分析膝关节韧带损伤的MRI表现及诊断价值。结果:关节镜证实前交叉韧带损伤21例,其中完全撕裂15例,部分撕裂6例,后交叉韧带损伤12例,正常患者15例。MRI诊断前交叉韧带损伤的敏感度为95.2%,特异度为80%,准确度为88.9%;诊断后交叉韧带损伤的敏感度为100%,特异度为95.8%,准确度为97.2%。结论:MR1是诊断膝关节韧带损伤的理想检查方法,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Indirect signs of anterior cruciate ligament injury on SPET: comparison with MRI and arthroscopy

Indirect signs of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) include bony contusions in the lateral femoral condyle and the posterior portion of the lateral tibial plateau. This study was undertaken to assess the value of single photon emission tomography (SPET) in the diagnosis of ACL injury by examining the uptake pattern in the distal femur and the proximal tibia. Thirty-five patients were examined using SPET, MRI and arthroscopy. Seventeen patients were found to have ACL tears on arthroscopy. The duration of symptoms was 4 days to 10 years (mean 26.4 months). MRI and SPET images were analysed retrospectively without information from arthroscopic examination. Radionuclide uptake in the lateral femoral condyle and the posterior lateral tibial plateau was considered an indirect sign of ACL injury on SPET. We evaluated the diagnostic value of indirect signs of ACL injury obtained on SPET by comparing these findings with arthroscopic and MRI results. Fifteen of 17 patients with ACL injury showed indirect signs on SPET. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for indirect signs of ACL injury were 88%, 56%, 65% and 83% on SPET and 59%, 94%, 91% and 71% on MRI, respectively. However, despite the higher sensitivity of indirect signs on SPET than on MRI, the overall diagnostic value of MRI is better than that of SPET. In the clinical setting, indirect signs of ACL injury may be of value in interpreting incidental findings on SPET.     

前交叉韧带断裂的MRI征象研究

目的 研究前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂的MRI表现,探讨其直接征象和间接征象的产生机制及诊断价值.方法 本组男37例,女3例;年龄16～49岁,平均33岁.急性期断裂28例,慢性期断裂12例,均经关节镜检查和手术证实.采用1.5 T西门子MRI扫描仪,SE或TSE序列T1、12、质子压脂、medic和横断位、矢状位、冠状位多方位成像.组织3名高年资医师进行回顾分析,对ACL断裂的MRI直接征象和间接征象进行统计分析.结果 ACL断裂4|D例中完全性断裂35例,部分断裂5例.急性期断裂的28例直接征象分别为信号中断或不连续24例(86%),信号不均匀18例(64%),韧带肿胀增厚10例(36%);而慢性期断裂的12例分别韧带增厚11例(92%),信号中断或不连续9例(75%),信号不均匀7例(58%),其中韧带增厚征象主要见于慢性期的ACL断裂(P＜0.01).完全性断裂的35例中,28例(80%)发生在中段,上端、下端发生率低;5例部分断裂均发生在前内侧束.ACL断裂的间接征象中,后交叉韧带(PCL)"7"字变形34例(85%);半月板外露26例,其中外侧半月板外露16例(62%);骨损伤15例,其中胫骨撕裂骨折8例(53%);关节间隙增宽9例,其中78%属于慢性断裂;胫骨前移23例(57%).本组40例中,术前正确诊断37例,正确率为92%;3例部分断裂术前未能诊断,漏诊率为8%.结论 根据ACL断裂的直接征象和间接征象,结合外伤史,术前诊断比较容易.     

膝关节前十字韧带撕裂的MRI诊断价值

目的：评价MRI诊断前十字韧带撕裂的价值。方法：对临床拟诊为膝关节前十字韧带撕裂的12例患者，对照分析其MRI资料及手术结果。结果：MRI矢状面9例，冠状面7例显示前十字韧带撕裂。12例中8例前十字韧带内有不规则高信号，4例前十字韧带前缘呈不规则波浪状，1例前十字韧带不连续。12例中6例伴后外侧胜分平台分析。MRI确诊11例。结论：MRI诊断前十字韧带撕裂是有价值的，膝关节后外侧胜管平台分析高度提示急性前十字韧带撕裂。     

Magnetic resonance diagnosis of meniscal tears in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of meniscal tear in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images obtained from 41 patients imaged within 6 weeks of injury who had acute anterior cruciate ligament tears identified at arthroscopy were retrospectively reviewed for meniscal tear. RESULTS: With MR imaging the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing meniscal tears in the presence of acute anterior cruciate ligament tears were 71%, 93%, and 88%; for the lateral meniscal tears were 57%, 100% and 85%; and for the medial meniscal tears were 100%, 88%, 90%. All false negative cases (n = 6) involved the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. CONCLUSION: In the presence of acute anterior cruciate ligament tears, MRI imaging has relatively low sensitivity for detecting meniscal tears due to missed tears in the lateral meniscus.     

膝关节交叉韧带低场强MRI表现及其损伤诊断

目的 :研究膝关节正常交叉韧带MRI特点和交叉韧带损伤的的MRI表现。方法 :对 2 0 0例正常膝关节交叉韧带的MRI进行回顾性分析 ,对 2 5例临床可疑交叉韧带损伤患者的MRI资料和关节镜检查行对比研究。结果 :正常膝关节矢状位MRI上显示交叉韧带最佳 ,冠状位和横断位作为补充 ,交叉韧带损伤的MRI表现为韧带连续性中断、局灶性或弥漫性肿胀、信号强度增高及断端移位 ;以关节镜检查结果为标准 ,MRI诊断交叉韧带损伤的敏感度为 91.3 % ,特异度为 91.6% ,符合率为 91.4%。结论 :MRI多方位扫描是一种准确诊断交叉韧带损伤的方法 ,矢状位显示交叉韧带最佳。