近红外光谱技术快速测定首乌丸水分含量

目的 应用近红外光谱技术测定首乌丸中水分的质量分数.方法 烘干法测定115批首乌丸样品水分的质量分数,采集其近红外光谱数据,经一阶导数法与S-G平滑法预处理,结合偏最小二乘法建立测定首乌丸中水分质量分数的近红外光谱定量分析模型.结果 该模型内部交叉验证决定系数为0.944,校正均方差为0.121,内部交叉验证均方差为0.205,验证集的预测均方差为0.127.结论 该近红外光谱水分定量分析模型稳定,准确可靠,可用于首乌丸中水分质量分数的测定.     

近红外光谱技术快速测定麦门冬药材中水分的含量

[目的]利用近红外漫反射光谱法结合化学计量法建立一种快速测定麦门冬药材中水分含量的方法。[方法]以烘干法测定90批麦门冬的水分含量作为参考值,利用近红外光谱仪采集麦门冬漫反射光谱结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立麦门冬药材中水分定量校正模型。[结果]运用SNV+First Derivative+Norris平滑光谱预处理方法,筛选最佳建模波段在5 000~9 000 cm-1,主因子数为8,建立的定量模型内部交叉验证相关系数R为0.981 1,交叉验证误差均方差RMSECV为0.131,12批验证集样品的参考值与预测值经统计学t检验,P=0.950.05,表明2组数据无统计学意义。[结论]运用近红外光谱技术建立麦门冬水分定量模型可快速预测其水分值,该方法快速、简便,结果准确,为中药材质量的实时监测提供数据支持。     

不同产地柴胡中铜的含量分析方法研究

目的:建立测定中药材中铜的含量测定方法,考察不同产地柴胡药材的铜含量情况.方法:收集不同地区的柴胡,采用原子吸收光谱法测定样品中铜的含量.结果:方法学考察得标准曲线A =0.037 9 C+0.002 8(C:μg/mL),相关系数r=0.999 7,结果表明标准铅在范围内呈良好线性.标准铜的平均回收率为102.96％,RSD为2.22％(n=6).结论:所选10个产地的柴胡测得铜含量均超标.采用的原子吸收光谱法简便、可靠、稳定性和重现性好,适用于中药材中铜的检测.     

基于正交小波包的异福片近红外光谱分析

目的 利用小波包变换(WPT)提取异福片样品近红外漫反射光谱的特征信息,建立用近红外光谱(NIRS)快速测定异福片中有效成分的新方法.方法 运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立特征信息与利福平和异烟肼含量之间的定量校正模型,对预测集的样品进行含量测定.结果 校正模型在小波包分解尺度为6时预测精度最好,预测集利福平和异烟肼的相关系数(rp)分别从原始光谱的0.981 72和0.979 89提高到0.990 09和0.991 48,同时预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)分别从0.007 66和0.006 84减小到0.005 89和0.005 36.结论 正交小波包多尺度分析对近红外光谱具有较强的去噪和压缩能力,从而使PLS模型更具有代表性和稳健性,同时也提高了建模效率和模型的预测精度.     

黄芩配方颗粒黄芩苷含量近红外光谱测定方法

目的 采用近红外光谱测定方法(NIRS)快速测定黄芩配方颗粒中的黄芩苷.方法 运用NIRS与偏最小二乘法相结合,通过优化不同的预处理方法、不同的谱区范围,建立了测定黄芩颗粒剂中指标性成分黄芩苷的定量校正模型.结果 建立了黄芩配方颗粒中黄芩苷的近红外模型,定量校正模型的相关系数R2为0.9702,校正集均方根误差RMSEC为0.555,预测集均方根误差RMSEP为1.05.结论 本实验研究了基于NIRS的不同厂家黄芩配方颗粒剂快速质量分析方法,所建模型可无损、快速地预测黄芩苷含量,为黄芩配方颗粒的质量控制提供一定的参考.     

红外光谱数据融合对栽培滇重楼产地鉴别*

目的 多样的环境因素使得不同产地栽培滇重楼的化学成分也丰富多样，不同居群栽培滇重楼的甾体皂苷类成分具有很大的差异，多源数据融合分析能更全面的表征药材化学信息，建立一个高效而准确的产地鉴别模型，为其资源合理开发利用提供依据。方法 以来自云南和四川的8个产地（保山、楚雄、大理、红河、丽江、成都、文山、玉溪）共366份栽培滇重楼根茎为实验材料，采集其傅里叶变换近红外光谱（FT-NIR）和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换中红外光谱（ATR-FTMIR）数据。采用Kennard-Stone算法将不同产地的样品分为2/3的训练集和1/3的预测集，基于4种特征变量提取方法（CARS、VIP、SPA、SO-Covsel）结合2种数据融合策略（低级数据融合和中级数据融合），建立偏最小二乘产地判别分析模型。根据模型参数交叉验证均方根误差（RMSECV）和预测均方根误差（RMSEP）评估模型的稳定性，模型训练集和预测集准确率（ACC）评估模型分类性能。结果 近红外光谱和中红外光谱均能反应不同产地栽培滇重楼的化学成分差异，在中级数据融合中，基于VIP和SPA提取的特征变量建立的模型正确率均大于94%。相较于中级数据融合，低级数据融合模型得到了最为满意的结果，其预测集分类正确率达到100%。结论 根据近红外和中红外数据建立的低级数据融合PLS-DA模型，能够用于栽培滇重楼的产地鉴别分析。     

番茄表层硫丹残留的近红外快速检测方法

选择经Rubberband 64点基线校正和二阶导数(平滑窗口为17,拟合阶数为2)预处理的近红外漫反射光谱,采用Boosting偏最小二乘法(PLS),利用5个子模型建立了番茄表层硫丹残留量预测模型,并对模型的预测性能进行验证。模型的定标系数为0.992,预测残留量范围为5.1~134.1 ng,预测均方根误差（RMSEP）和校正均方误差（RMSECV）分别为2.79 和2.82,训练集和预测集的回收率范围分别为（100.1±1.4）%和（98.9±2.6）%。结果表明：本法快速、准确,有望成为新的蔬菜表层农药残留监测方法。     

近红外光谱法快速分析玄参药材中毛蕊花糖苷含量

目的建立玄参药材指标成分毛蕊花糖苷的近红外光谱快速定量模型。方法采用偏最小二乘法建立玄参药材中毛蕊花糖苷的近红外光谱多元校正模型,并对未知样品进行含量预测。结果校正模型相关系数r=0.998 53,验证集预测误差平方根为0.027 3,验证集平均相对误差为3.7%。结论近红外光谱检测快速,模型预测效果好,可用于玄参药材中毛蕊花糖苷的快速测定。     

ICP-MS法测定丢了棒根及根茎中5种重金属含量

[目的]测定广西不同产地丢了棒中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu 5种重金属的含量,为控制和保障药材质量提供依据.[方法]采用微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）进行检测.[结果]广西不同产地丢了棒根及根茎中有害元素铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量均较低.[结论]本文测定结果可为制定丢了棒重金属限量标准提供实验依据.     

动物中药材全蝎的粉末X射线衍射Fourier图谱鉴定

目的建立动物中药材全蝎的鉴定分析新方法。方法用X射线衍射Fourier图谱分析技术对湖北、陕西、山东等不同产地的10个全蝎样品进行分析研究,获取全蝎中药材的对照粉末X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱。结果除7#样品外,其他9个样品衍射图谱的几何拓扑图形基本一致。9个全蝎样品(除7#)共有11个特征标记峰。结论X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱鉴定法可用于动物中药材全蝎样品的分析鉴定和质量控制。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.