收肌管阻滞技术在初次全膝置换术后早期镇痛中的应用研究

目的探讨收肌管阻滞术在全膝关节置换术术后疼痛管理及早期康复中的作用。 方法前瞻性选取于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨科行初次行单侧全膝关节置换术(TKA)的患者40例,随机分为收肌管阻滞联合帕瑞昔布镇痛组20例及单纯帕瑞昔布镇痛组20例。纳入初次单侧TKA患者,排除严重感染和精神疾病等患者。收肌管阻滞置管术后立即执行。两组患者围手术期观察术后不同时间点的静息与活动状态下视觉模拟评分、股四头肌肌力、膝关节活动范围、住院天数及有无并发症发生。所得数据通过独立样本t检验、非参数Wilcoxon秩和检验以及卡方检验进行分析。 结果与单纯应用帕瑞昔布相比,联合应用收肌管阻滞技术能够有效地降低患者术后早期VAS评分(术后6 h～72 h活动VAS：Z＝－3.124、－2.157、－2.044、－2.467、－2.471,P <0.05;术后6 h～24 h静息VAS：Z＝－2.310、－2.409、－2.208,P<0.05)。在膝关节活动度与术后住院时间上两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。且收肌管阻滞组患者体现出更好的康复依从性,未出现因操作引起的并发症。 结论全膝关节置换术术后辅助收肌管阻滞术能够有效地缓解患者术后疼痛,有助于患者早期开展功能锻炼与快速康复。     

连续股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期康复锻炼中的作用

目的：前瞻性评价连续股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期康复锻炼中的作用。方法：自2008年12月至2009年8月,将进行单侧全膝关节置换术的80例患者进行配对设计随机分组,每组40例。A组采用术后股神经阻滞,B组采用静脉止痛泵镇痛。A组男5例,女35例,平均年龄(65.0±4.2)岁;B组男5例,女35例,平均年龄(64.7±8.5)岁。两组患者术后镇痛持续3 d.记录VAS疼痛评分、睡眠状态、膝关节功能锻练情况和不良反应发生状况。结果：A组患者在术后2、6、24、36、48、56、72 h的VAS评分明显低于B组(P<0.05或P<0.01);A组睡眠状态好于B组。A组患者术后的膝关节主动活动早于B组,B组不良反应发生例数明显大于A组,并且B组止痛药的使用频率高于A组。结论：连续股神经阻滞术后镇痛,效果良好,安全性能好,不良反应发生率低,是全膝关节置换术后理想的镇痛方法也利于患膝关节术后的功能恢复。     

超声引导收肌管阻滞联合膝关节后方浸润麻醉用于全膝关节置换手术的疗效观察

目的观察超声引导下收肌管阻滞联合膝关节后方浸润麻醉应用于全膝关节置换手术的效果。方法接受全膝关节置换手术的病人30例,采用随机数字表法将30例病人分为两组,对照组15例,采用超声引导下收肌管阻滞,试验组15例,采用超声引导下收肌管阻滞联合膝关节后方浸润麻醉。比较两组病人术后不同时间点的视觉模拟评分、肢体功能(术后首次直腿抬高时间、肌四头肌肌力、关节活动度)。结果两组病人收肌管阻滞过程中的麻醉药物剂量的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组病人术后静息状态下疼痛评分比较,第3小时、6小时、12小时、24小时VAS评分均有明显差异(P0.05),重复测量方差分析发现,两组病人疼痛评分存在差异(P0.05),不同时间点存在差别(P0.05),说明病人VAS评分随时间变化的速度不一致。两组病人股四头肌肌力和关节活动度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后对照组和试验组均有2例病人出现了尿潴留,无其他药物不良反应。结论超声引导下收肌管阻滞联合膝关节后方浸润麻醉与单纯收肌管阻滞比较,能更好地缓解全膝关节置换术病人预后过程中疼痛程度,且随着时间迁移病人疼痛程度均有明显下降,不同处理方式的病人疼痛程度下降速度不一致。两组病人术后的肢体功能亦存在差异,主要表现在股四头肌肌力和关节活动度两个方面。     

超声引导下连续收肌管阻滞联合坐骨神经阻滞在老年膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果

目的评价超声引导下连续收肌管阻滞联合连续坐骨神经阻滞用于老年患者全膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果。方法择期全麻下行单侧全膝关节置换术患者80例,男46例,女34例,年龄65～80岁,体重55～82 kg,ASAⅠ—Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组,连续收肌管阻滞组(A组)和连续收肌管阻滞联合连续坐骨神经阻滞组(B组),每组40例。手术结束后两组在超声引导下行收肌管阻滞,然后B组在超声引导下行坐骨神经阻滞,两组分别注入负荷剂量0.2%罗哌卡因20 ml后,置入神经丛导管,连接PCA泵。记录术后4、8、12、24、48 h的静息和活动VAS疼痛评分,镇痛泵有效按压次数,补救镇痛,改良Bromage运动阻滞分级,以及神经阻滞相关并发症等。结果与A组比较,B组术后4～24 h的静息VAS评分,4～48 h的活动VAS评分均明显降低,术后48 h内镇痛泵有效按压次数和补救镇痛明显减少(P0.05)。术后24 h两组改良Bromage运动阻滞分级均恢复到0级。两组均未见神经阻滞相关并发症。结论连续收肌管阻滞联合连续坐骨神经阻滞用于老年患者全膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果优于单纯连续收肌管阻滞。     

3种多模式镇痛对全膝关节置换术后疼痛及关节功能的对比研究

目的探讨3种多模式镇痛方案对全膝关节置换术后疼痛及膝关节功能的影响。方法使用平行对照(组间相互对照)的方法,将因骨性关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换术的90例患者采用完全随机的方法分为3组,每组30例,并分配不同的多模式镇痛方案。术前所有患者均口服塞来昔布进行预防性镇痛,术后返回病房均采用多模式镇痛静滴帕瑞昔布钠和冰敷。关节注射组:术中膝关节周围注射混合药物;神经阻滞组:手术完毕后行单次股神经阻滞和坐骨神经阻滞;联合组:术中膝关节周围注射混合药物与术后股神经阻滞和坐骨神经阻滞联合镇痛。采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)对患者入院时、术后6、12、24、48、72 h膝关节静息及运动状态疼痛评分;比较患者入院时、术后第3 d、术后1周及术后1个月关节活动度;记录术后不良反应、镇痛药物补救次数及镇痛满意度。结果采用神经阻滞组和联合组在术后不同时间点的静息及运动状态的疼痛评分、镇痛药物补救次数低于关节注射组(P<0.05),神经阻滞组及联合组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);神经阻滞组和联合组术后不同时间的关节活动度、镇痛满意度高于关节注射组(P<0.05),神经阻滞组及联合组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);3组患者术后不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论神经阻滞多模式镇痛方案能有效控制全膝关节置换术患者术后疼痛,恢复关节功能,节约医药资源,值得临床推广应用。     

伸直位骨性强直膝的全膝关节置换术

 目的 探讨伸直位骨性强直膝全膝关节置换术的手术方法与临床疗效。方法 2000 年6月至2007 年6 月, 对10 例伸直位骨性强直膝患者施行全膝关节置换术。男4 例, 女6 例;年龄29~63岁, 平均49 岁。双膝关节置换2 例, 单膝关节置换8 例。强直性脊柱炎3 例, 类风湿关节炎2 例, 血友病性关节炎1 例, 创伤性关节炎3 例, 化脓性关节炎1 例。膝关节均处于伸直位骨性强直畸形, 活动度0°, 美国特种外科医院(the Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS)膝关节评分(32.5±10.26)分。结果 全部病例随访3~10 年, 平均5.3 年。末次随访时HSS 膝关节评分提高至(87.75±6.45)分, 与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=18.668, P=0.000)。关节活动度提高至97.08°±11.57°, 与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=29.063, P=0.000)。术后发生皮肤坏死2 例、下肢深静脉栓塞1 例、假体周围骨折1 例、假体深部感染翻修1 例。术后X线复查未见假体松动。结论 采用髌旁内侧入路、股四头肌切开、二次截骨加软组织松解的全膝关节置换术可矫正伸直位骨性强直膝关节畸形, 配合正确的康复锻炼, 患者的膝关节功能和生活质量能得到明显提高。     

高龄膝骨关节炎患者人工单髁关节置换疗效分析

目的:探讨75岁以上膝骨性关节炎患者行人工单髁关节置换术后临床疗效。方法：自2010年4月至2015年5月应用Oxford第3代人工单髁关节治疗膝内侧间室骨性关节炎患者42例,根据手术单双侧置换情况将患者分为双侧同期置换组和单侧置换组：同期置换组11例,男3例,女8例,年龄（79.18±3.06）岁;单侧置换组31例,男13例,女18例,年龄（78.16±3.48）岁。观察比较患者患膝假体生存现状、术前后血细胞比容变化、术中及术后的失血总量,比较患者术前后膝关节HSS（Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating）评分。结果：两组术后围手术期并发症比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。42例患者获得随访,时间（5.7±2.3）年。1例既往高血压合病史患者术后第4个月发生脑血栓,1例患者在术后第4个月发生衬垫脱位,2例患者于术后3年因其他内科疾病死亡（1例心肌梗塞,1例肺癌）。双侧同期置换组术后失血总量高于单侧置换组（P<0.05）;4例行双侧同期置换患者术后分别输血2 U。两组术后9个月HSS评分除稳定性评分其他各项评分和总分均高于术前（P<0.05）。结论：内侧单间室退变的75岁以上老年骨性关节炎患者选择人工单髁关节置换术是可行的手术治疗方法。对于双膝病变75岁以上老年患者,双侧同期人工单髁关节置换术同单侧单髁关节置换手术相比,创伤大,会增加围手术期并发症发生率,影响术后快速康复,增加失血量。虽然远期疗效同单侧单髁关节置换手术相当,但为保证手术安全性,仍建议分期手术。     

不同镇痛方法对膝关节置换术后疼痛和早期康复的影响

[目的]对比不同镇痛方法对膝关节置换术后疼痛和早期康复的影响。[方法]2016年9月~2017年9月,择期行单侧全膝关节置换术(TKA)的患者75例列入本研究,依据术后镇痛方式,随机均分为3组:连续收肌管阻滞联合关节周围浸润组(CA+P组)、连续股神经阻滞联合关节周围浸润组(CF+P组)、连续硬膜外镇痛组(E组),所有患者均采用腰硬联合麻醉。记录术前、术后静息及活动状态下的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和股四头肌肌力,记录术后膝关节最大主动屈曲角度(°)和不良反应。[结果]术后24、48、72 h活动状态下,E组患者VAS评分明显高于CA+P组和CF+P组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。CF+P组和E组患者术后6、12、24 h股四头肌肌力下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。CF+P组和E组术后1、2、3 d膝关节主动屈曲角度明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。E组加用镇痛药物用量及术后并发症的发生率明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]连续收肌管阻滞联合关节周围浸润可有效缓解全膝关节置换术患者疼痛,且对股四头肌肌力影响更小,不良反应发生率更低。     

固定平台与旋转平台假体用于外翻膝的早期疗效观察

目的:比较外翻膝人工全膝关节置换术应用旋转平台和固定平台两型假体的早期临床疗效。方法:选取2011年1月至2013年12月吉林大学第一医院骨关节外科由同一医师进行初次人工膝关节置换的17例(23膝)进行回顾性随访研究,其中男2例,女15例;年龄48～75岁,平均61.5岁。术前诊断为骨性关节炎14例(19膝),类风湿性关节炎3例(4膝),所有膝关节有外翻畸形。其中9例(12膝)使用固定平台型假体(PFC Sigma),8例(11膝)使用旋转平台型假体(PFC Sigma RP).术前和术后随访行KSS、HSS、WOMAC评分,测量关节活动度、胫股角等指标,进行统计学分析。结果:所有患者获随访,时间6～36个月,平均25个月。两组患者膝外翻畸形均得到矫正,术后末次随访的KSS、HSS、WOMAC评分及膝关节活动度、胫股角较术前明显改善(P<0.01).其中固定平台组和旋转平台组在术后KSS、HSS、WOMAC评分以及胫骨角、膝关节活范围改善度方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而术后末次随访膝关活动范围固定平台组(101.8±8.8)°与旋转平台组(108.4±7.2)°差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).旋转平台组没有发现垫片脱位,两组术后均无感染、腓总神经麻痹、脱位、膝关节不稳等并发症发生,X线检查未见假体骨溶解及松动发生。结论:外翻膝人工全膝关节置换术使用旋转平台和固定平台型假体均能获得满意的早期临床效果,两者的近期临床疗效比较无明显差异。     

高龄骨关节炎患者膝关节置换术后功能与变量因素相关性的病例对照研究

目的:探讨多个变量因素与术后膝关节功能HSS评分的相关性,实现对患者进行综合有效的预后判断。方法:回顾2008年3月至2010年8月应用膝关节置换术治疗72例HoldenⅣ级膝关节炎患者作为研究组,男30例,女42例;年龄60～86岁,平均(71.9±6.2)岁。关节镜下清理术治疗的22例HoldenⅣ级膝关节炎患者作为对照组,男10例,女12例;平均年龄(70.5±5.9)岁。观测术前及术后1、2周关节活动度和HSS评分,分析患者年龄、身高、体重、BMI、肌力等影响因素。评估方法主要采用HSS评分方法。结果:研究组HSS评分、ROM均提高。全膝关节置换术后2周HSS评分与术前膝关节活动度、术前HSS评分、术前膝关节疼痛、术后早期CPM应用呈正相关。全膝关节置换术后2周HSS评分与患者年龄、身高、体重、BMI、肌力等因素无显著相关。结论:患者术前膝关节活动度、HSS评分、术前疼痛、围手术期并发症以及术后CPM应用初始角度均可影响膝关节置换术疗效。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.