Overweight among adults in Pernambuco State, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

In order to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and associated factors in Pernambuco State, Brazil, a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 2006, including 1,580 adults 25 to 59 years of age. Overweight was defined as body mass index > 25kg/m2. The conceptual model included demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, and behavioral variables. Prevalence of overweight was 51.1% (95%CI: 48.6-53.6) and was statistically associated with age over 40 years (PR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.10-1.46), female gender (PR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.16-1.43), former smoking (PR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.20-1.69), higher income (PR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.30-1.71), and history of early pregnancy (< 18 years) (PR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.11-1.66). There was no association with alcohol consumption, level of physical activity, or specific foods. The high prevalence of overweight is consistent with epidemic levels of this problem elsewhere in world, and the association with several factors supports its multifactor etiology.     

广州市城区中学生视屏时间与饮食行为关联性

目的探讨广州市城区中学生视屏时间与饮食行为的关系,为实施中学生健康促进提供科学依据。方法采用横断面研究,以广州市城区12 357名初一、高一新生为研究对象,通过问卷调查和体格检查收集学生体质状况、生活作息等资料。采用多因素Logistic回归模型对学生的视屏时间与饮食行为进行关联分析。结果中学生视屏时间过长的检出率为18.80%(2 323名),其中男生为18.52%(1 165/6 292),女生为19.09%(1 158/6 065),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.67,P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,视屏时间过长与蔬菜(OR=0.50,95%CI=0.42~0.58)、水果(OR=0.64,95%CI=0.58~0.70)的摄入频率存在负关联;与油炸类食品(OR=1.90,95%CI=1.70~2.09)、西式快餐(OR=1.90,95%CI=1.65~2.19)、甜食(OR=1.36,95%CI=1.25~1.49)和含糖饮料(OR=1.70,95%CI=1.57~1.84)的摄入频率存在正关联(P值均<0.01)。结论广州市城区中学生视屏时间与饮食行为有关,需要科学管理视屏时间并养成良好的健康饮食行为。     

中国学生食物摄入与近视关系的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析阐述6～22岁学生的食物摄入与近视的关系。方法 检索中文文献库（中国知网数据库、万方数据库、维普资讯、中国生物医学文献数据库）和英文文献库（PubMed、Web of Science、ProQuest、ScienceDirect、Cochrane Library）中全部有关学生食物与近视研究的文献,时间范围为2002年1月1日—2022年1月1日,筛选出符合条件的有效文献,使用Review Manager 5.4软件进行Meta分析,计算OR值以及95%CI,对食物与近视的关系进行系统化评价。结果 共纳入中文文献11篇,研究对象15 304人。各种食物摄入与6～22岁学生近视关系的合并效应值分别为：经常食用蔬菜（OR=0.41,95%CI[0.28,0.61]）;经常食用水果（OR=0.76,95%CI[0.68,0.85]）;经常食用奶类（OR=0.70,95%CI[0.50,0.99]）。结论 经常食用蔬菜、水果、奶类食物可保护视力。     

上海市青少年饮食行为现状以及抑郁焦虑情绪的影响

  目的  了解上海市青少年饮食行为现状,并探讨情绪对饮食行为的影响,为培养青少年良好的饮食行为提供参考。  方法  采用分层随机整群抽样方法,于2021年5月对上海市3个区10所初中和6所高中的7 456名学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般情况、饮食行为、患者健康问卷(2条目)和广泛性焦虑量表。  结果  上海市青少年过去7 d每天食用含糖饮料、甜食、油炸食品及西式快餐(≥4次/周)的报告率分别为13.26%,16.90%,6.99%,13.01%,每天吃水果、蔬菜、牛奶、早餐的报告率分别为56.96%,73.00%,65.03%,76.11%,不同性别和学段学生间差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。有抑郁或焦虑情绪青少年不良饮食行为的发生率高于无抑郁或焦虑者(P值均 < 0.01)。校正性别、学校、住宿、成绩、零花钱、社会阶层后,抑郁和焦虑情绪增加青少年各种不良饮食行为的发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。与无焦虑者相比,轻度和中重度焦虑者每天喝≥1次含糖饮料的风险为1.42(95%CI=1.20~1.67)和2.51倍(95%CI=2.09~3.01),不是每天吃水果的风险为1.30(95%CI=1.16~1.45)和1.28倍(95%CI=1.11~1.47),不是每天吃蔬菜的风险为1.35(95%CI=1.20~1.52)和1.41倍(95%CI=1.21~1.65),不是每天喝牛奶的风险为1.29(95%CI=1.15~1.44)和1.20倍(95%CI=1.04~1.39),不是每天吃早餐的风险为1.75(95%CI=1.54~1.99)和2.97倍(95%CI=2.55~3.46)。  结论  上海市青少年不良饮食行为比例较高,应早期开展饮食行为宣教和干预,并关注青少年负性情绪的发生,以减少不良饮食行为的发生风险。     

Association between dietary patterns and body mass index and waist circumference in women living in Southern Brazil

This study focused on the association between dietary patterns and obesity. A cross-sectional population-based study was performed in 1,026 adult women from Southern Brazil. Waist circumference (WC), height, and weight were measured according to a standardized protocol, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity was defined as BMI > 30kg/m(2) and WC > 88cm. Principal components analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Multivariate analysis used a Poisson regression model to estimate prevalence ratios and respective confidence intervals. After controlling for possible confounders, low consumption of "vegetables" protected against increased BMI (PR = 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47-0.86; p = 0.004), while low consumption of "nuts/oilseeds" protected against increased WC (PR = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.89-0.98; p = 0.008). Low consumption of "fruits" was a risk factor for high BMI (PR = 2.18; 95%CI: 1.35-3.53; p = 0.001). The study indicates the complexity of the association between dietary patterns and obesity. New studies are needed to further clarify the subject.     

Children's fruit and vegetable intake: associations with the neighbourhood food environment

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between availability of different types of food outlets and children's fruit and vegetable intake. METHOD: Parents of 340 5-6 and 461 10-12 year-old Australian children reported how frequently their child ate 14 fruits and 13 vegetables in the last week in 2002/3. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine the availability of the following types of food outlets near home: greengrocers; supermarkets; convenience stores; fast food outlets; restaurants, cafés and takeaway outlets. Logistic regression analyses examined the likelihood of consuming fruit >or=2 times/day and vegetables >or=3 times/day, according to access to food outlets. RESULTS: Overall, 62.5% of children ate fruit >or=2 times/day and 46.4% ate vegetables >or=3 times/day. The more fast food outlets (OR=0.82, 95%CI=0.67-0.99) and convenience stores (OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.73-0.98) close to home, the lower the likelihood of consuming fruit >or=2 times/day. There was also an inverse association between density of convenience stores and the likelihood of consuming vegetables >or=3 times/day (OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.74-0.95). The likelihood of consuming vegetables >or=3 times/day was greater the farther children lived from a supermarket (OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.07-1.51) or a fast food outlet (OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.06-1.35). CONCLUSION: Availability of fast food outlets and convenience stores close to home may have a negative effect on children's fruit and vegetable intake.     

Factors associated with functional incapacity among the elderly in Guatambu, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of functional incapacity and associated factors. A cross-sectional population-based study included 352 elderly subjects (> or =60 years) in a small Brazilian town. Community-based health workers conducted structured interviews. Functional incapacity was measured by the Barthel index. Data analysis used Poisson regression to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Prevalence of any kind of functional incapacity (mild, moderate, severe, or total) was 30.5% (95%CI: 25.6-35.2). Functional incapacity was higher (p < 0.05) in illiterates compared to those with > 5 years of schooling (PR = 2.21; 95%CI: 1.02-4.79); in people with low versus high quality of life (PR = 1.83; 95%CI: 1.13-2.97); in those with poor versus good self-rated health (PR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.11-2.69); and in retired individuals compared to those working regularly (PR = 2.12; 95%CI: 1.19-3.78). Our results suggest that functional capacity involves interaction among multidimensional factors including self-reported health, independent daily life, and psychosocial and socioeconomic factors.     

Eating at the university canteen. Associations with socioeconomic status and healthier self-reported eating habits in France

French university canteens offer structured meals at a fixed moderate price. We examined whether eating regularly at university canteens was associated with socioeconomic status (SES) or dietary practices. The study data came from a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 1723 students aged 18-24 years, in their first year of university in 2005-2006, enrolled in the universities of southeastern France (response rate=71%). Self-reported dietary practices were collected with a behavioral questionnaire. Adjusted logistic regressions showed that eating regularly at university canteens was less frequent among students with less than ?300 monthly resources and not living with their families (OR=0.68 [95%CI: 0.49-0.94]). It was also positively associated, regardless of SES, with the consumption of at least five servings of fruit/vegetables daily (OR=1.42 [1.05-1.92]) and one serving of meat/fish daily (OR=1.41 [1.13-1.76]) but not with either restricting fatty food (OR=1.04 [0.81-1.33]) or never/rarely adding salt to food (OR=1.06 [0.85-1.32]). Eating regularly at university canteens was less frequent among less well-off students and was positively associated with some healthier self-reported dietary habits. Further research is needed to confirm these results in the overall student population in France and to understand the determinants of university canteen utilization.     

Prevalence and factors associated with dental pain that prevents the performance of routine tasks by civil servants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of dental pain preventing the performance of routine tasks and to assess its association with socioeconomic factors, minor psychiatric disorders, number of missing teeth, and dental consultation patterns. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-completed questionnaire answered by 4,030 administrative employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (the Pró-Saúde Study). Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Prevalence of toothache preventing the performance of routine tasks in the two weeks prior to the interview was 2.9% (95%CI: 2.5-3.6). Men (OR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.4), individuals with minor psychiatric disorders (OR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.6), individuals with extensive tooth loss (OR = 3.4; 95%CI: 1.5-7.8), and those failing to appear for regular dental checkups (OR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.8-17.3) showed increased odds of experiencing dental pain. Dental pain was an important problem in this population. Unfavorable living conditions and lack of regular dental checkups increased the odds of dental pain.     

Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Few studies have been conducted on the association between perinatal and early life factors with childhood depression and results are conflicting. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in children aged 7 to 11 years from two Brazilian birth cohorts. METHODS: The study was conducted on 1444 children whose data were collected at birth and at school age, in 1994 and 2004/2005 in Ribeirao Preto, where they were aged 10-11 years and in 1997/98 and 2005/06 in Sao Luis, where children were aged 7-9 years. Depressive symptoms were investigated with the Child Depression Inventory(CDI), categorized as yes (score greater than or equal to 20) and no (score<20). Adjusted and non-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression with robust estimation of the standard errors. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 3.9% (95%CI=2.5-5.4) in Ribeirao Preto and 13.7% (95%CI=11.0-16.4) in Sao Luis. In the adjusted analysis, in Ribeirao Preto, low birth weight (PR=3.98; 95%CI=1.72-9.23), skilled and semi-skilled manual occupation (PR=5.30; 95%CI=1.14-24.76) and unskilled manual occupation and unemployment (PR=6.65; 95%CI=1.16-38.03) of the household head were risk factors for depressive symptoms. In Sao Luis, maternal schooling of 0-4 years (PR=2.39; 95%CI=1.31-4.34) and of 5 to 8 years (PR=1.80; 95%CI=1.08-3.01), and paternal age <20 years (PR=1.92; 95%CI=1.02-3.61), were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was much higher in the less developed city, Sao Luis, than in the more developed city, Ribeirao Preto, and than those reported in several international studies. Low socioeconomic level was associated with depressive symptoms in both cohorts. Low paternal age was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in the less developed city, Sao Luis, whereas low birth weight was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in the more developed city, Ribeirao Preto.     

江西省农村初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为的关联

  目的  了解江西省农村地区初中生健康素养状况与不良饮食行为的关联,为探索改善学生不良饮食行为的矫正策略提供参考。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样法对江西省农村地区50所中学4 311名七至八年级学生的健康素养及不良饮食行为进行问卷调查,运用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为之间的关联。  结果  农村地区初中生健康素养水平具备率(≥58分)为18.21%。不良饮食行为发生率相对较高,其中三餐时间不固定的报告率最高,为62.33%,其次为经常喝含糖饮料(54.60%)、不经常喝奶制品(50.38%)、不每天吃早餐(36.23%)、不经常食用蔬果(19.53%)。低水平健康素养者三餐时间不固定(OR=1.35,95%CI=1.11~1.65)、不每天吃早餐(OR=1.23,95%CI=1.01~1.49)、不经常喝奶制品(OR=1.29,95%CI=1.07~1.55)、不经常食用蔬果(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.10~1.92)和经常喝含糖饮料(OR=1.39,95%CI=1.15~1.68)的风险均高于高水平健康素养者(P值均<0.05)。  结论  江西省农村地区初中生健康素养与不良饮食行为之间存在关联,学校、家庭、政府及有关部门可以通过提升初中生健康素养水平来矫正其不良饮食行为,以改善初中生的健康状况。     

Surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents: the experience in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This paper presents the methodology and results of the implementation of a Surveillance System for Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents. A random sample of 8th-grade students (n = 1,684) enrolled in municipal schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was studied. Students were asked to complete a confidential questionnaire on food consumption, physical activity, sedentary leisure-time activities, and tobacco consumption. Prevalence estimates of risk factors were calculated for the entire sample and by gender. Non-response rates ranged from 1.1 to 8.9%. The findings included low consumption of fruits (45.8%) and vegetables (20.0% and 16.5% for salads and cooked vegetables, respectively), regular consumption of soft drinks (36.7%) and candies (46.7%), extensive time on TV, computer, and videogames (71.7% spend at least 4h/day at these activities), low frequency of regular physical activity (40%), and 6.4% prevalence of smoking. Girls showed less physical activity and more smoking. The system appeared to be feasible and indicated high prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases.     

贵州省黔东南地区少数民族居民饮食因素与代谢相关脂肪性肝病患病的关联分析

目的 了解贵州省黔东南地区少数民族居民代谢相关脂肪性肝病（metabolism - associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD）患病现状及与饮食因素间的关系。方法 通过现场调查方式对贵州省黔东南地区 30～79 岁的10 810名苗族侗族人群进行问卷调查和体格检查,二元logistic回归分析该地区MAFLD的饮食影响因素。结果 当地人群MAFLD患病率为14.93%。腊肉摄入频率达到每月均吃（OR = 1.28,95%CI:1.02～1.61）以及腌制蔬菜（OR = 1.39,95%CI:1.11～1.73）和油茶（OR = 1.35,95%CI:1.16～1.57）的摄入频率＞2次/月时均可能会增加MAFLD的患病风险,而食用白酸汤（OR = 0.76,95%CI:0.64～0.90）和蕨菜（OR = 0.80,95%CI:0.65～0.99）的摄入频率＞2次/月则均会降低MAFLD患病风险。结论 过量频率的腊肉、腌制蔬菜以及油茶摄入可能会增加苗族侗族人群MAFLD的患病风险,而摄入适量的蕨菜、白酸汤则可能对该病有益。     

Dietary Intake of Vegetables,Fruits, and Meats/Beans as Potential Risk Factors of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Texas Case-Control Study

Diet has been identified as a risk factor for some cancers, but its role in adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unclear. This study was conducted at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to evaluate associations between consumption of vegetables, fruits, and meats with AML risk among Texas residents. All participants, 323 adult de novo AML cases and 380 frequency-matched controls, completed demographic and food frequency questionnaires. Overall, AML risk was significantly decreased among those who consumed the most dark green vegetables, seafood, and nuts/seeds; and it was significantly increased among greatest consumers of red meat. Among men, AML risk was lowest among those whose consumption was in the highest quartile for fruits [odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10–0.69], poultry (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.10–0.78), and seafood (OR = 0.39, 95%CI = 0.16–0.96) compared to those in the lowest. Among women, risk was lowest among those whose consumption was in the highest quartile of dark-green vegetables (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.12–.68), orange vegetables (OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.17–.96) and nuts/beans (OR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.11–0.60). Based on these findings, interventions can be developed to modify intake of specific dietary components to reduce cancer risk.     

Sleep, work, and study: sleep duration in working and non-working students

The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of sleep and associated factors in working and non-working students. Data were analyzed on the sleep-wake cycle in 863 teenage students in S?o Paulo, Brazil. Adjusted analyses were performed to compare sleep duration in working and non-working students. 18.4% of the group worked, and 52% of the working students slept eight hours or less per night. Prevalence of short sleep duration was higher in working students of both sexes (males, p = 0.017; females, p < 0.001). Working students showed short sleep duration in the analysis adjusted for socioeconomic status, but short sleep was more frequent in older adolescents (p = 0.004) and in lower (p = 0.001) and middle (p = 0.011) socioeconomic classes. Although more working students were in night school, in the model adjusted for gender and socioeconomic status, working students in afternoon courses showed higher prevalence of short sleep duration (PR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.68-4.12).     

Breakfast Habits and Associations with Fruit and Vegetable Intake,Physical Activity,Sedentary Time,and Screen Time among Swedish 13–14-Year-Old Girls and Boys

This study explored whether breakfast habits were associated with intake of fruits and vegetables, minutes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), minutes spent sedentary, and screen time among adolescents. Cross-sectional data were collected among 13–14-year-old boys and girls (n = 1139). Breakfast habits and screen time were determined via questionnaire, fruit and vegetable intake were determined through dietary recall, and physical activity and sedentary time were determined via accelerometers. Multilevel mixed models and general estimation equation models were applied. Almost 40% of participants skipped breakfast at least one day of the week. Participants with irregular breakfast habits on weekdays had lower fruit and vegetable consumption by 26.7 g (95% CI = −49.3, −5.9) while irregular breakfast habits during the whole week were associated with higher levels of screen time (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.1) compared to regular breakfast habits. Girls with irregular breakfast habits on weekdays had 7.7 min more sedentary time (95% CI = 0.8, 15.7) than girls with regular breakfast habits, while the opposite was found in boys (β = −13.3, 95% CI = −25.3, −2.6)). No significant associations were found for MVPA. Regular breakfast habits should be encouraged, as they might contribute to a higher intake of fruit and vegetables and are associated with lower levels of screen time, although further studies are necessary to establish causation.     

Food Insecurity Was Associated with Lower Fruits and Vegetables Consumption but Not with Overweight and Obesity in Children from Mexican Fishing Communities

ABSTRACT

Food insecurity has been associated with decreased household food supplies, which could affect children’s fruit and vegetables intakes and increases their risk of being overweight or obese. The aim of this study was to determine if food insecurity was associated with lower fruit and vegetables consumption and overweight and obesity in children from Mexican fishing communities. A cross-sectional study was 4conducted with 100 elementary-school children aged 6–12 years. A survey that evaluated socioeconomic conditions, food insecurity, and fruits and vegetables consumption was applied. Weight and height were measured. The association between key variables and food insecurity was assessed using linear regression. Sixty-four percent of households experienced food insecurity. Food-insecure children reported lower consumption of fruits and fruits plus vegetables than did their peers with food security (P trend = 0.040 and 0.038, respectively). Food insecurity was also associated with lower chance to meet the recommendation of fruit and vegetable consumption (P trend in logit < 0.001), but was negatively associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity (P trend in logit < 0.001). Food-insecure children had lower fruits and vegetables consumption but were no more likely to be overweight or obese than their food-secure counterparts.     

Factors associated with the degree of participation in physical activities among students of a public university in the south of Brazil

The scope of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the degree of participation in physical activities (DPPA) among students of a public university in the south of Brazil. The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Questionnaire was used for the evaluation of DPPA. DPPA was classified as adequate and inadequate. Nutritional status was evaluated based on BMI, classified as normal (< 25 kg/m2) and overweight (> 25 kg/m2). The following socio-demographic variables were analyzed: gender, age group, work, maternal educational level, class period, and marital status. Poisson regression was used to examine the association between DPPA and independent variables, considering p < 0.05. The sample, which was representative of the institution, consisted of 738 students (59.2% males). The prevalence of inadequate physical activity participation was 30.8%. Adjusted analysis showed that female (PR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.10-3.68) and overweight students (PR=1.53; 95%CI: 1.04-2.23) presented a higher risk of inadequate physical activity participation. These findings might be useful for the implementation of health promotion programs in universities, which should pay special attention to female and overweight students in their freshman year.     

深圳市中小学生近视影响因素分析

目的了解深圳市中小学生近视影响因素,为开展学生近视防控工作提供参考。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法在深圳市选取2个区,每个区选小学、初中和普通高中各1所,职业高中1所,共计对14所学校3 073名学生开展近视及影响因素调查。结果对于小学生,每天用电脑2~<3 h(OR=2.23,95%CI=1.19~4.20),不上体育课(每周2节:OR=0.34,95%CI=0.13~0.91;每周4节:OR=0.23,95%CI=0.08~0.62;每周5节及以上:OR=0.33,95%CI=0.11~0.97)与近视呈正相关;课间休息或放学时老师不拖堂(偶尔:OR=1.99,95%CI=1.51~2.63;经常:OR=2.07,95%CI=1.29~3.30),在近距离用眼时0.5~<1 h休息1次眼睛("1~<2 h"OR=1.33,95%CI=1.03~1.70;"≥3 h"OR=1.87,95%CI=1.17~3.00),父母均不近视(一方近视:OR=1.69,95%CI=1.32~2.17;双方近视:OR=2.13,95%CI=1.50~3.02)与近视呈负相关。对于初中生,父母均不近视(一方近视:OR=3.27,95%CI=2.17~4.94;双方近视:OR=5.38,95%CI=2.78~10.42)与近视呈负相关。对于高中生,男性(女性OR=1.52,95%CI=1.07~2.14),每天在校做2次眼保健操(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.23~0.75),每天白天累计户外活动时间≥2 h(OR=0.70,95%CI=0.49~1.00)与近视呈负相关。结论深圳市不同学段学生近视危险因素不尽相同,对具有高危因素的学生应重点防控。