术中定向放疗推量照射在乳腺癌保乳术中临床应用研究

目的 研究乳腺癌保乳手术联合IntraBeam术中放疗系统进行术中靶向瘤床推量放射治疗的可行性、安全性、有效性及美容效果。方法 共69例早期乳腺癌保乳手术患者接受了治疗,其中18.8%（13/69）患者年龄少于45岁,52.2%（36/69）肿物大于2 cm,40.6%（28/69）组织细胞学分级3级,29.0%（20/69）病人有淋巴结转移。病人保乳术后采用IntraBeam术中放疗系统瘤床表面20 Gy剂量进行术中靶向瘤床推量放射治疗,待化疗完成（或伤口愈合后）2周后给予传统全乳外照射放射疗治疗（50 Gy,共25次,省略瘤床推量照射）,评估患者近期疗效及不良反应。结果 总共27.5%（19/69）患者出现急性并发症,2.9%（2/69）患者出现血肿,8.7%（6/69）出现血清肿,7.2%（5/69）出现切口感染,8.7%（6/69）切口愈合延迟,切口中位愈合时间3.8（1.0~11）个月,中位随访24.8个月（12~51）,2.9%（2/69）患者出现同侧乳房内复发,未出现远处转移及死亡病例,乳房美容效果评估优、良者术后1年占89.9%,术后2年占89.7%。结论 乳腺癌保乳手术联合IntraBeam术中放疗系统进行术中靶向瘤床推量放射治疗近期疗效满意、不良反应较少,由于病人数量较少,随访时间较短,长远疗效仍需要进一步的验证。     

术中放疗辅助下早期乳腺癌保乳根治术的临床分析

目的：初步探讨INTRABEAM术中放疗（IORT）辅助下早期乳腺癌保乳根治术的可行性和安全性。 方法：选择2012年11月—2013年7月期间符合入组条件的17例女性早期乳腺癌患者,患者均行IORT辅助下保乳根治术。观察患者术后手术部位的情况,局部并发症以及急性放射损伤的发生率;通过门诊随访方式评判乳房美容效果并分析近期疗效。 结果：所有患者均完成IORT辅助下保乳根治术,术中照射的中位数时间为25（20~35）min。4例患者（23.5%）术后需接受全乳房外照射。术后的早期并发症主要包括残腔积液较多（11.8%）,较明显的皮肤红肿（17.6%）。无明显残腔血肿或者伤口感染病例,患者对术中放疗的耐受性良好。早期随访显示,患侧乳房术后的美容效果优良率76.5%,无复发生存率、无转移生存率、总生存率均为100%。 结论：IORT辅助下保乳根治术用于特定的早期乳腺癌患者是相对安全可行的。     

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目的 探讨乳腺癌保乳综合治疗的原则及近期疗效。方法 82例各期乳腺癌病例施保乳手术（局部乳腺切除 腋淋巴结清扫术）、术中或术后瘤床插植近距放疗 化疗。手术后2-4周再接受全乳腺外照射剂量为50Gy。激素受体阳性的病人均接受三苯氧胺治疗,随访时间中位数为42个月。结果 82例全部存活,无一例出现局部复发。1例出现骨转移。双乳对称。外形美观,其中1例为双侧乳癌,两侧病理类型不同,均做保乳手术。结论 早期乳腺癌病人接受保乳综合治疗可以取得满意的临床效果。可成为早期乳腺癌的首选治疗方法。     

乳腺导管原位癌的保乳手术疗效分析

目的:探讨乳腺导管内原位癌(DCIS)的保乳术临床效果。 方法: 对经病理确诊为DCIS行保乳手术加放疗患者62例与同期行保乳手术加放疗临床I，II期乳腺浸润性导管癌患者62例进行回顾性比较分析。结果:DCIS患者复发率6.4%（4/62），其中3例病理证实为粉刺型;浸润性导管癌患者复发率19.3%（11/62）。结论:DCIS的保乳治疗总体预后优于早期浸润性导管癌;粉刺型DCIS具有较高的复发危险性。     

隐匿性乳腺癌36例诊治分析

目的探讨隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断和治疗方法。方法对36例隐匿性乳腺癌患者分别采用乳房X线、MRI检查,对肿块切除活检病理免疫组化检查;治疗采用乳腺癌根治术、改良根治术或保乳术后加放疗。结果乳腺钼靶的阳性率45．8％（11／24）,MRI的阳性率70％（7／10）;免疫组化检查阳性率62％（18／29）;乳腺癌根治术、改良根治术和保乳术后加放疗的5年生存率分别73．9％、77．8％（P〉0．05）。结论乳腺钼靶和MRI有重要诊断价值,切检和免疫组化检查有助于确诊;乳腺癌根治术或改良根治和保乳术后放疗的5年生存率相同。     

乳腺癌保乳治疗的临床研究

目的探讨早期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗的疗效及可行性。方法将189例Ⅰ、Ⅱa期乳癌患者前瞻性非随机分为两组：（1）保乳组：92例行乳腺区段切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫术;（2）对照组：97例行乳癌改良根治术。两组术后均给予相同方案的放疗、化疗和内分泌治疗,术后进行定期随访,并进行美容评估。结果本组178例得到随访,随访率94.2%,中位随访时间为78个月。局部复发：保乳组3例,对照组1例。保乳组3年存活率97.7%,5年存活率94.1%,远处转移率7.9%。对照组3年存活率97.8%,5年存活率90.8%,远处转移率7.9%,两组局部复发和远处转移差异均没有统计学意义,两组3、5年生存率差异应用log-rank检验无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。COX比例风险模型分析发现年龄、ER、PR情况不是影响生存的风险因素,TNM分期与生存率有关。85.5%患者对保乳手术的美容效果满意。结论对早期乳癌使用保乳综合治疗可达到传统根治术相当的治疗效果,应作为早期乳癌的首选治疗方法。     

乳腺癌保乳术乳房整形的护理和术后评价

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨乳腺癌保乳术中乳房整形技术的应用和护理。方法〓将我院已确诊为乳腺癌,最大径<5.0 cm且有保乳意愿的患者40例应用乳房整形技术行保乳术并进行相应的护理。另选取30例同期行传统保乳术和常规护理的患者作为对照。统计分析两组术后不良反应和并发症、客观和患者主观满意度调查所得的美容效果以及生活质量。结果〓观察组美容效果主观评分为优、良的患者比例分别为15%和35%,均显著高于对照组的6.67%和23.33%,而观察组美容效果主观评分为差和很差的患者比例分别为7.5%和2.5%,均显著低于对照组的20%和13.33%;观察组美容效果客观评分为3分和4分的患者比例分别为32.5%和30%,均显著高于对照组的16.67%和13.33%,而观察组美容效果客观评分为1分和2分的患者比例分别为2.5%和35%,均显著低于对照组的16.67%和53.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。护理前两组生活质量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后观察组躯体功能、总体健康、活力等8个维度的生活质量评分均较对照组提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组切口感染、乳头、乳晕及乳瓣坏死、患侧上肢淋巴水肿等不良反应和并发症发生率为12.5%,对照组不良反应和并发症发生率为20%,两组差异不良反应和并发症发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论〓乳腺癌患者保乳术中采用乳房整形技术并进行相应的护理可有效提高美容效果,改善患者的生活质量且不会增加不良反应和并发症,值得临床推广使用。     

乳腺癌保乳术后放疗两种调强技术的心肺剂量体积比较

目的 :比较全乳野中野正向调强放疗(FP-FIF-IMRT)技术和逆向调强放疗(IP-IMRT)技术在乳腺癌保乳术后病人正常组织的剂量分布差异。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至7月乳腺癌保乳术后病人,以调强技术行全乳放疗,并分层抽样。全乳处方剂量为50 Gy/25次,后续瘤床加量10 Gy/5次。在定位CT片上对抽样病人全心和患侧肺进行勾画,并在ADAC Pinnacle系统上收集心肺剂量-体积参数。结果:左乳FP-FIF-IMRT组和IP-IMRT组分别有33例和15例,右乳分别有23例和17例。与IP-IMRT组相比,左侧乳腺癌病人FP-FIF-IMRT组心脏V2、V5参数平均值均较低(P0.05),但心脏V40则略高(分别为4.31%±2.47%比2.39%±1.74%,P=0.009 5)。右侧乳腺癌病人心脏平均剂量及V2、V5、V10也均较低(P0.05)。与IP-IMRT组相比,左、右侧乳腺癌病人FP-FIF-IMRT组患侧肺平均剂量及V5、V10、V20均较低(P0.05)。结论:乳腺癌保乳术后放疗中,与IP-IMRT技术相比,FP-FIF-IMRT技术降低正常组织低剂量照射区体积,但IP-IMRT在限制心脏高剂量区体积方面表现更佳。     

乳腺癌保乳手术的治疗及预后

目的探讨乳腺癌保乳手术的方式和预后。方法回顾性分析笔者所在2所医院10年间保乳治疗69例原发性乳腺癌患者的临床资料，包括保乳术不放疗和保乳术加放疗、化疗和激素治疗。随访12～140个月。结果保乳手术未放疗组3年复发率11．54％（3／26），显著高于手术加放疗组3．03％（1／33）（P〈0．05）。腋窝淋巴结阳性的保乳手术未化疗者，其5年远处转移率（50．0％）高于手术加化疗组（11．1％）（P〈0．05）。结论保乳术后应进行放疗；年轻、淋巴结阳 性、组织学分级Ⅲ级者应辅助化疗。     

乳腺癌保乳术中残存乳腺的处理方法

目的 探讨乳腺癌保乳手术中残存乳腺直接缝合法与美学重塑法的效果比较.方法 43例经穿刺活检确诊的Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者,均行肿瘤扩大切除术及腋淋巴结清扫术.其中,直接缝合组22例,术中对乳腺体缺损不予缝合,直接缝合皮肤封闭创腔;乳腺美学重塑组21例,游离剩余乳腺组织瓣,转移修复乳腺腺体缺损,再缝合皮肤.术后均给予全乳三维放射治疗、规范化疗和内分泌治疗.术后3年,自拟美学评分标准,对两组患者乳房的美学效果进行回顾性分析.结果 直接缝合组美学评分4.3分,优良率40.9%（9/22）;乳腺美学重塑组美学评分4.8分,优良率71.4%（15/21,P＜0.01）,乳腺美学重塑组乳房美学效果优于直接缝合组.结论 乳腺癌保乳术中采用美学重塑技术,术后乳房美学效果更好.     

Prospective trial of intraoperative radiation treatment for breast cancer

BACKGROUND: A new device, Intrabeam, is available for intraoperative radiotherapy. We have prospectively examined its feasibility and tolerability in delivering adjuvant breast cancer treatment. METHODS: Thirty-five patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery received targeted tumour bed irradiation consisting of 5 Gy (at 10 mm) in a single fraction. This single intraoperative treatment was used to replace the external beam radiotherapy "boost" that would usually be given in 10 daily treatments following 5 weeks of whole breast irradiation. Patients later completed external beam radiotherapy as usual. Potential toxicities were prospectively assessed fortnightly prior to external beam radiotherapy, weekly during it, and 3 monthly subsequently. RESULTS: The intraoperative radiotherapy was able to be delivered without difficulty, either at time of initial cancer surgery or as a second procedure. When performed as a separate procedure the median operating time was 56 min. The treatment was well tolerated, with only one patient experiencing any grade 3 or 4 toxicities--this was acute grade three itch. There was an overall early breast infection rate of 17%. No unexpected toxicities were seen. CONCLUSIONS: This simple and well-tolerated treatment delivers a useful radiation dose to the area of highest risk of tumour recurrence. The early infection rate is similar to that reported in the literature, for treatments without intraoperative radiotherapy. Whether such a treatment may adequately replace the entire adjuvant radiation therapy treatment for low-risk patients is now being studied in a randomized trial.     

Full-dose intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons in breast surgery: broadening the indications

HYPOTHESIS: Although postoperative fractionated radiotherapy (PFR) remains the standard method for conservative treatment of breast carcinomas, widespread experience in the use of full-dose intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons (ELIOT) merits its application in novel clinical situations, although long-term results of ongoing clinical trials have not been fully reported. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Division of breast surgery in a comprehensive cancer center. PATIENTS: From June 1999 to September 2003 ELIOT was used as the sole radiotherapy in 355 patients with unifocal invasive carcinoma who were candidates for breast-conserving surgery and most of whom were participating in an ongoing institutional trial. In a group of patients in whom PFR was not considered safe or feasible (because of previous mantle field irradiation for Hodgkin disease, cosmetic breast augmentation, severe cardiopathy, large hypertrophic scarring from skin burns, vitiligo, and geographic or social obstacles), ELIOT was performed outside of the ongoing trial. RESULTS: No particular adverse effects, unusual acute reactions, late sequelae, and local or systemic events were noted in these patients after a mean follow-up of 27.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: In appropriated selected patients, when it is critical to perform PFR after breast-conserving therapy, a single dose of ELIOT may be considered to avoid mastectomy, reduce potential treatment toxicity, improve quality of life, and resolve logistic problems. The long-term results of ongoing clinical trials will further delineate patients in whom ELIOT may replace PFR.     

新辅助化疗及保乳手术在Ⅱ|Ⅲ期乳腺癌中的治疗作用

目的探讨新辅助化疗及保乳手术在Ⅱ,Ⅲ期乳腺癌治疗中的作用。方法对观察组46例Ⅱ,Ⅲ期乳腺癌经新辅助化疗后接受保乳手术治疗的患者进行随访观察,并与59例患者对照研究。新辅助化疗方案为表阿霉素60 mg/m2第1天静脉注射,紫杉醇150 mg/m2。第2天持续3 h静脉滴注,21 d为1个疗程。保乳手术方式为象限切除或肿块局部广泛切除联合腋窝淋巴结清除。对照组常规行根治性切除术。术后对乳房外形及局部复发、远处转移进行随访观察。结果新辅助化疗后,观察组术前肿瘤病灶临床完全缓解(CR)9例,部分缓解(PR)37例。术后病理学检查发现,观察组癌细胞均有不同程度的变性、坏死,细胞间质水肿,纤维增生,炎性细胞浸润;其中病理完全缓解(PCR)4例。对保乳综合治疗(放疗+化疗)结束后1年的31例患者进行外形评估,其中优19.4%(6/31),良58.1%(18/31),差22.6%(7/31)。观察组局部复发率为8.7%(4/46),对照组为6.8%(4/59),两组比较无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组远处转移率为6.5%(3/46),与对照组(15.3%,9/59)比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新辅助化疗后行保乳手术治疗Ⅱ,Ⅲ期乳腺癌基本是安全的,可达到根治性手术的效果。新辅助化疗,规范化切除,术后放疗、化疗是保乳治疗成功的关键。     

保乳手术和改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床疗效分析

目的探讨和比较保乳手术和改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年9月期间接受外科手术治疗的100例早期乳腺癌手术患者的临床资料,根据患者的手术方式进行分组,其中保乳手术组(保乳组)50例,改良根治术组(改良组)50例,采用SPSS 19.0统计分析,两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数等用"均数±标准差"表示,组间比较采用t检验;术后并发症发生情况、乳房美容效果、术后肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、1年生存率等用"%"形式表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P0.05差异有统计学意义。结果保乳组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及术后并发症发生率均少于改良组(P0.05),美容效果优良率高于改良组(P0.05)。两组患者术后肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、1年生存率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论保乳手术与改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌疗效确切,但保乳手术对患者损伤小、出血量少、并发症少、美容效果好,值得推广应用。     

Prospective evaluation of concomitant tumour bed boost with whole breast irradiation in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving therapy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively the feasibility of concomitant weekly tumour bed electron boost along with whole breast radiotherapy (RT) following breast-conserving therapy (BCT) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) with the aim of reducing overall treatment time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with LABC suitable for BCT following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CAF/CEF) were accrued in the study. Conventional RT (CRT) to the whole breast was delivered 5 days a week to a dose of 50Gy using 6-10MV photons. In addition, an electron boost to the tumour bed was delivered every Saturday, eventually delivering 5 such weekly fractions to a boost dose of 12.5Gy. Patients were evaluated for acute reactions during the treatment and cosmetic evaluation was done before, at the end of radiation therapy and at follow up by 2 independent observers blinded to each other. The study population (concomitant boost (CB) group) was compared with a similar cohort of 32 patients treated conventionally with tumour bed boost of 15Gy in 6 fractions delivered after the completion of whole breast irradiation (CRT group). RESULTS: All patients completed RT within the stipulated time with no grade IV skin toxicity in either group. At conclusion of RT, in the CB group, confluent moist desquamation (grade III) developed within the tumour bed region in 1 patient (3.3%) and outside tumour bed region in 3 patients (10%). In the CRT group, 3 and 4 patients (9.4% and 12%) developed moist desquamation within and outside the tumour bed regions, respectively. CB did not affect the global cosmesis as compared with CRT group (p=0.23) at the end of 3 years. CONCLUSION: Concomitant tumour bed boost along with whole breast RT appears to be safe and feasible in a select group of patients. As the treatment is completed earlier by 6-10 days than conventional practice, it has favourable time and resource implications, particularly attractive for patients travelling long distances for treatment. Based on these encouraging results, we are planning to confirm the results in an appropriately designed and powered randomised trial.     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术术中放疗59例

目的 研究早期乳腺癌保乳手术术中放疗的可行性,评价术后并发症、乳房美容效果及肿瘤复发事件.方法 2007年6月至2010年12月,115例患者做保乳手术,59例(研究组)做术中放疗,同期有56例(对照组)术后做全乳放疗,在术后1个月评估切口愈合状况及并发症;术后1年比较两组乳房美容效果;术后随访肿瘤复发及死亡事件.结果 研究组切口愈合天数为13 ～22d,对照组为9 ～14d.研究组2例出现切口脂肪液化,16例有切口水肿,对照组未见切口脂肪液化、水肿;两组均未出现术后切口感染或血肿.术后1年乳房美容评价:研究组41例中优秀或好的有36例、一般或差的5例;对照组37例中优秀或好的有25例、一般或差的有12例(P=0.031).随访3～42个月(中位24个月),研究组局部复发2例(3.39％),其中1例(1.7％)死亡;对照组局部复发1例(1.8％),无死亡.结论 早期乳腺癌保乳手术术中放疗安全可靠、美容效果好、局部控制满意.     

新辅助化疗联合保乳手术在中晚期乳腺癌中临床疗效的分析

目的：探讨新辅助化疗联合保乳手术在中晚期乳腺癌治疗中的临床疗效及应用价值。 方法：回顾性分析2008年2月—2010年2月收治的II~III期乳腺癌97例的临床资料,其中新辅助化疗联合保乳手术41例（保乳组,术前行新辅助化疗）和改良根治术56例（改良根治组,术前未行化疗）,对两组临床疗效进行评估。 结果：保乳组客观缓解率高于改良根治组（73.17% vs. 57.14%,P<0.05）。经23.2个月中位随访,保乳组全部存活,局部复发1例,未发生远处转移;改良根治组局部复发6例,5例发生远处转移,其中3例死亡;保乳组与改良根治组中位无进展生存期分别为32.3个月和22.1个月（P<0.05）。保乳组乳房外形评价82.93%为优;患者美观满意度90.24%为非常满意,7.32%为基本 满意。 结论：保乳术前辅助化疗可明显使中晚期乳腺癌临床分期降低,且术后近期疗效和美观效果均好,这对部分中晚期患者来说具有重要临床价值。     

乳腺癌根治术与保乳术对患者治疗效果的比较分析

目的 比较接受根治术或保乳术治疗的早期乳腺癌患者间的差异,为患者选择根治术或保乳术治疗乳腺癌提供合理依据.方法 回顾性分析宝鸡市第三人民医院普外科2009年1月-2012年1月收治的477例乳腺癌患者的病例资料,根据手术方法的不同,将其分为观察组(229例,48％)和对照组(248例,52％),其中观察组进行保乳术治疗,对照组进行根治术治疗,采用SPSS15.0统计学软件分析比较这两组患者复发率、术后并发症发生率、生存质量、乳房美容效果以及远期疗效等指标.结果 观察组患者的并发症发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05),但患者的l、3年内复发率与转移率与对照组相比,两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组患者的生存质量与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组美容效果的优良率达78.16％,明显高于对照组61.29％,差异具有统计学意义(x2=5.86,P＜0.05);两组用于衡量远期疗效的两项指标:总生存期(x2=3.154,P＞0.05)和无疾病进展生存期(x2=4.243,P＞0.05)间的差异无统计学意义.结论 在不影响患者术后复发率、转移率以及远期疗效的前提下,接受保乳术治疗的患者与接受根治术治疗的患者相比,具有并发症发生率低、美容效果好、生存质量高等显著优势.与传统根治术相比较,保乳术不失为一项明智的选择.     

Hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with breast conserving therapy; acute and chronic toxicity

Aim-Background

Patients with invasive ductal breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery with lymphectomy, with negative or 3(+) LN (lymph nodes), T<5cm, and excellent expectant survival are submitted to either conformal fractionated irradiation (50Gy in 25 fractions, at 2Gy/fraction) or hypofractionated conformal 3D irradiation (fewer fractions at higher doses per fraction). Patients may or may not undergo chemotherapy, and irradiation commences ≤ 16 weeks after surgery.

Methods

From 2009 to 2010, 11 patients aged between 30 and 50 years, who matched the above criteria and had undergone invasive breast cancer and breast-conserving surgery, received hypofractionated radiotherapy. All patients received 42.5Gy in 16 fractions of 2.66Gy/fraction five times per week. Computed tomography simulation was used to design 3D conformal treatment planning with two tangentional fields and a multileaf collimator linear accelerator.

Results

After completion of radiotherapy, all patients showed Grade 0-1 skin reaction and no cosmetic impairment (oedema, fibrosis, telangiectasia). No side effects were observed in normal tissue structures and at-risk organs, such as the heart and lung. At 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36-month follow-up, none of the patients displayed post-radiation pneumonitis, pericarditis or dermatitis, nor did any patient develop a recurrence or regional distant metastases. Cosmetic assessment of the irradiated breast showed excellent results in terms of skin reaction compared with the healthy breast. Furthermore, the size and shape of the irradiated breast remained unchanged during and after irradiation.

Conclusions

Hypofractionated conformal irradiation in invasive breast cancer achieves optimal disease control and an excellent cosmetic result. Patients can be treated in fewer days with a safe and biological effective dose (BED), as that given by conformal fractionated irradiation. This development results in improved safety and enhanced quality of life for breast cancer patients.