蒿甲醚对C6胶质瘤细胞的抑制作用

目的 研究蒿甲醚对大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞的抑制作用.方法 C6胶质瘤细胞经培养后,按是否加入蒿甲醚分为实验组和对照组,均采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法、流式细胞技术(FCM)及Hoechst33258荧光染色法检测细胞凋亡情况.结果 MTT法检测显示:24、48、72h3个时间组蒿甲醚对C6胶质瘤细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(195.08±3.27) μmol/L、(119.64±4.06) μmol/L、(87.84±0.93) μmol/L.FCM法检测显示:24、48、72 h3个时间组C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡率分别为:7.95％、22.01％、31.22％;且G0-G1期细胞比例增加,S期和G2-M期细胞比例降低.荧光染色显示:实验组细胞内出现凋亡小体;而对照组细胞呈弥散均匀荧光.结论 蒿甲醚能抑制C6胶质瘤细胞生长,且其抑制作用呈现时间依赖性和浓度依赖性;蒿甲醚能干扰C6胶质瘤细胞的细胞周期,可将其阻滞在G0-G1期并诱导其凋亡.     

铜绿假单胞菌制剂对大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞作用的体外机制研究

[摘要] 目的 初步探讨铜绿假单胞菌制剂（PA-MSHA）对体外培养的大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞的增殖抑制机制。方法 体外培养大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞, MTT比色法测定不同时间、不同浓度PA-MSHA对C6胶质瘤细胞的增殖抑制率。Hochest 33258染色,荧光显微镜下检测细胞凋亡,流式细胞仪检测PA-MSHA对C6细胞周期的影响。结果MTT比色法结果提示,细胞生长抑制率与药物作用时间和剂量正相关。24小时和48小时IC50值分别为(5.80±1.79)× 108cfu/ml和(3.90±2.14) × 108cfu/ml。Hochest33258染色可见明显的细胞凋亡形态学改变,流式细胞仪检测,药物作用组可见典型的亚二倍体峰即凋亡峰（AP）,且随浓度加大S期比例明显增多。 结论 铜绿假单胞菌(PA-MSHA)制剂对体外培养的C6胶质瘤细胞具有增殖抑制作用,且呈时间剂量依赖性。其机制可能与诱导细胞凋亡及S期阻滞有关。     

三氧化二砷对人脑SHG-44胶质瘤细胞作用的体外实验研究

目的 探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人脑SHG-44胶质瘤细胞株的增殖抑制及诱导凋亡机制.方法 将不同浓度的As2O3与体外培养的SHG-44胶质瘤细胞相互作用后,采用MTT比色法检测As2O3对胶质瘤细胞的增殖抑制;倒置显微镜、荧光显微镜下观察吉姆萨及Hochest33258染色后细胞凋亡的形态学改变;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡及对SHG-44胶质瘤细胞周期影响.结果 MTT比色法检测到As2O3对SHG-44胶质瘤细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用,并呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性;倒置显微镜及荧光显微镜下可观察到给药组细胞生长密度低以及出现细胞凋亡的特征性改变;流式细胞仪检测到给药组细胞凋亡比率明显高于空白对照组(P＜0.05),并具有剂量依赖性及时间依赖性,同时将胶质瘤细胞阻滞在S期,抑制了细胞周期的进程.结论 As2O3对SHG-44胶质瘤细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用、可诱导SHG-44胶质瘤细胞的凋亡,并抑制细胞周期进程.     

下调RNF138基因对胶质瘤细胞株U251增殖、凋亡及细胞周期影响的研究

目的探讨RNA干扰下调胶质瘤细胞株高表达基因RNF138对胶质瘤细胞株U251体外增殖、凋亡以及细胞周期的影响。方法构建下调RNF138基因的siRNA,通过慢病毒转染导入胶质瘤细胞株U251,设立阴性干扰对照组及空白对照组,荧光显微镜观察转染效率;实时荧光定量PCR检测敲减效率;运用Cellomics仪器连续检测U251体外增殖情况;流式细胞仪检测U251凋亡及细胞周期变化情况。结果慢病毒载体高效、稳定转染U251细胞,靶向RNF138的siRNA有效抑制RNF138基因表达,使RNF138mRNA表达减少60%,U251体外增殖明显减缓,凋亡明显增加,细胞阻滞在G2/M期。结论 RNA干扰抑制RNF138基因表达可以明显抑制胶质瘤细胞株U251体外增殖,促进其凋亡,影响细胞周期,阻滞细胞分裂。     

mTOR通路抑制剂依维莫司对不同胶质瘤细胞自噬作用的影响

目的 探讨mTOR抑制剂依维莫司对人脑胶质瘤细胞自噬作用的影响. 方法 体外培养胶质瘤细胞株87-MG、U251、SHG-44,给予不同浓度的依维莫司(0.1、0.5、1、10、20、100nmol/L)作用4-6d后用MTT法检测细胞的增殖并分析各细胞株的半数抑制浓度(IC50)值.Hoechst33342/PI荧光双染检测IC50的依维莫司作用48 h后细胞凋亡;单丹磺酰尸胺(MDC)荧光染色检测细胞自噬囊泡的形成;流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化.Western blotting测定IC50的依维莫司作用24h后细胞磷酸化mTOR、p70S6K、4E-BP-1蛋白及非磷酸化mTOR、p70S6K蛋白的表达. 结果 MTT结果显示U87-MG、SHG-44、U251细胞的生长均受到明显抑制,IC50分别为0.1、0.5、10nmol/L;Hoechst 33342/PI荧光双染结果显示细胞没有发生明显的凋亡,可能为细胞白噬;MDC染色显示IC50的依维莫司作用后,细胞中荧光颗粒增加,荧光强度增强;流式细胞术检测显示3种细胞均有特异性的G0/G1期细胞阻滞;Western blotting检测显示随着依维莫司剂量的增加,胶质瘤细胞中磷酸化mTOR、p70S6K、4E-BP-1的表达水平均明显减少,非磷酸化4E-BP-1的表达水平减少,而非磷酸化p70S6K无明显变化. 结论 mTOR抑制剂依维莫司可以促进胶质瘤细胞的自噬,mTOR通路可能为潜在的新的胶质瘤的治疗靶点.     

华蟾素对人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG44增殖及凋亡的影响

目的初步探讨华蟾素对人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG44增殖、细胞周期分布及凋亡的影响机制。方法利用MTT法、流式细胞仪检测华蟾素对人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG44增殖及细胞周期变化的影响。AO／EB染色、透射电镜观察人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG44凋亡细胞形态学的变化。Westernblot检测Bcl-2与Caspase8蛋白的表达。结果华蟾素（1μg／ml、10μg／ml）对细胞株增殖具有显著抑制作用（P〈0．05）,并呈时间和浓度依赖性。沆式细胞仪检测可见凋亡峰,Go／G。期细胞明显增多（P〈0．05）;华蟾素作用后可使Bcl-2蛋白表达降低．Caspase8蛋白表达升高。结论华蟾素可调控人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG44的周期进程,诱导Bcl-2及Caspase8差异性表达,且具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖及促凋亡的作用。     

重组腺病毒Vpr诱导脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡的体外研究

目的 探讨重组腺病毒介导的人类免疫缺陷病毒1型病毒蛋白R(HIV1-Vpr)体外对胶质瘤细胞U251凋亡的影响.方法 将U251细胞分为正常对照组、空载体组和实验组进行细胞培养,24 h后空载体组和实验组按MOI=50分别进行空载体腺病毒(rAd5-null)和含有HIV1-Vpr基因的重组腺病毒(rAd5-Vpr)转染,转染后用MTT比色法测定细胞增殖活性,用Hoechst染色和流式细胞仪分别检测细胞的凋亡和细胞周期改变,用Western blot方法 检测相关蛋白的表达.结果 rAd5-Vpr能够抑制U251细胞增殖,其作用从转染后48 h开始,随着时间的延长,抑制作用逐渐增强(P＜0.05);实验组Hoechst染色观察到明显的细胞凋亡现象;流式细胞周期检测显示实验组细胞G2期比例升高(P＜0.05);Western blot结果 显示,实验组U251细胞经转染rAd5-Vpr72 h后,可见Vpr蛋白表达,同时Bcl-2蛋白表达降低,Bax、Caspase3和Fas-L蛋白表达增强.结论 rAd5-Vpr在体外能够抑制U251细胞增殖,诱导细胞周期G2期阻滞和细胞凋亡.     

染料木黄酮对C6胶质瘤细胞抑制作用的实验研究

目的通过观察染料木黄酮（genistein）抑制并诱导C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用，探讨其对于胶质瘤治疗的可行性。方法采用MTT法、Hoechst33258荧光染色、流式细胞术和透射电镜方法，观察染料木黄酮抑制并诱导C6细胞凋亡作用。结果MTT法测得染料木黄酮对C6胶质瘤细胞的IC50值为18μg/ml，浓度为5～70μg/ml的染料木黄酮具有抑制C6胶质瘤细胞作用，且细胞抑制作用随药物浓度增加和作用时间延长而增加；流式细胞术、荧光染色以及电镜证实诱导凋亡及死亡是染料木黄酮抑制C6胶质瘤细胞的主要方式。结论异黄酮类化合物染料木黄酮具有诱导C6细胞凋亡和死亡的作用。提示染料木黄酮可以直接通过诱导C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡和死亡而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

胶质瘤治疗的靶分子CDC2 RNA干扰的体外实验研究

目的 探讨抑制细胞周期依赖性激酶CDC2基因对人脑胶质瘤细胞生长的影响,并为其作为胶质瘤发生发展相关基因在胶质瘤治疗方面的应用价值提供实验依据.方法 利用本实验室基因重组构建的CDC2 shRNA逆转录病毒表达质粒对体外培养的人脑胶质瘤细胞进行转染.倒置显微镜观察细胞形态和数量变化;RT-PCR及荧光实时定量PCR检测CDC2 mRNA表达;Western blot检测CDC2蛋白表达;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡的变化;透射电子显微镜观察细胞超微结构.结果 人脑胶质瘤细胞系U251在转染针对CDC2的shRNA逆转录病毒表达质粒48h后,贴壁生长的细胞逐渐漂浮,细胞生长受到抑制,CDC2 mRNA下调均达98%以上,蛋白表达下调达92%以上,同时出现了明显的细胞G2/M期阻滞,细胞凋亡由0.57%上升到13.01%,并且超微结构受损明显.结论 CDC2 shRNA逆转录病毒表达质粒介导的RNA干扰能有效的抑制U251细胞的增殖,CDC2可作为胶质瘤基因治疗靶分子作进一步研究.     

改良的三维脑片培养模型研究脑胶质瘤细胞的迁移及侵袭

目的 建立一种新型的体外三维脑片共培养模型,观察绿色荧光蛋白转染的大鼠C6细胞在脑片模型上的侵袭、迁移形式,模拟胶质瘤细胞在脑内播散的方式. 方法 脂质体介导pEGFP-N3质粒转染体外常规培养的C6胶质瘤细胞,筛选稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白的细胞,荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪分别观察和计数绿色荧光蛋白的表达;活体取3周龄SD大鼠全脑,制作400 μm厚脑片并培养于Millicell插入式细胞培养皿.碘化丙啶(PD染色鉴定脑片神经元活性;将转染后的绿色荧光细胞C6细胞球接种于脑片表面,形成胶质瘤细胞-脑片共培养模型.荧光显微镜及激光共聚焦显微镜观察C6细胞在脑片上的侵袭和迁移. 结果 荧光显微镜及流式细胞仪检测转染后C6细胞几乎全部表达绿色荧光蛋白;脑片培养7d后仍然保持完整的皮质、尾状核、胼胝体等组织结构.PI染色证实脑片中神经元保持活性;荧光显微镜下观察显示C6细胞接种脑片表面1、3、5、7d后,迁移范围随时间的增加而逐渐增加;激光共聚焦逐层扫描可见C6细胞在脑片中的侵袭及三维分布,侵袭过程中C6细胞形态保持良好. 结论 大鼠脑片培养及肿瘤细胞-脑片共培养模型是研究胶质瘤细胞在体内的侵袭、迁移形式以及抗肿瘤治疗的潜在模型.     

沙盘游戏疗法在地中海贫血患儿心理干预中的应用

本文目的是对沙盘游戏疗法在地中海贫血患儿心理干预中的应用进行综述,以期为地中海贫血患儿的心理康复提供参考。地中海贫血是以珠蛋白生成障碍为主要特征的遗传性疾病,由于长期输血治疗,患儿存在较多的心理和行为问题。沙盘游戏疗法作为一种有效、实用的儿童心理治疗方法,对提高地中海贫血患儿的康复效果、改善生存质量有重要的临床意义。     

癫痫共病抑郁的机制及临床诊疗

本文目的是探讨癫痫共病抑郁的可能机制及临床诊疗。癫痫是一种常见的、慢性的、致残性的神经疾病,癫痫患者生活质量下降,存在明显的负性情绪,常伴发各种精神疾病。癫痫与抑郁具有共同的神经生物学基础,可能存在共同的发病机制。本文从癫痫共病抑郁的发病机制、临床诊断及治疗方面予以总结归纳。     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Cultural Identity and Experiences of Prejudice and Discrimination of Afghan and Iranian Immigrant Youth

In culturally diverse and immigrant receiving societies, immigrant youth can be subject to prejudice and discrimination. Such experiences can impact on immigrant youth’s cultural identity and influence their psychosocial outcomes. This paper presents findings of a study that examined cultural identity and experiences of prejudice and discrimination among Afghan (N = 9) and Iranian (N = 17) immigrant youth in Canada. The study had a prospective, comparative, longitudinal qualitative design. Data was gathered through focus groups, interviews, journals and field logs. Four main themes emerged on participants’ experiences of prejudice and discrimination: (a) societal factors influencing prejudice; (b) personal experiences of discrimination; (c) fear of disclosure and silenced cultural identity; and (d) resiliency and strength of cultural identity. Drawing from Rosenberg’s (Conceiving the self, Basic Books, New York, 1979) self-concept framework and Romero and Roberts (J. Adolesc., 21:641–656, 1998) distinction between prejudice and discrimination, results indicated that youth’s extant and presenting cultural identity were affected. Inclusive policies and practices are needed to promote youth integration in multicultural and immigrant receiving settings.

发作性睡病与异态睡眠的诊治

本文目的是探讨发作性睡病与异态睡眠的诊断与治疗.发作性睡病被漏诊和误诊的几率较高,危害较大,共患异态睡眠比例高.文章从发作性睡病临床特征、REM睡眠的作用、发作性睡病与异态睡眠(睡眠瘫痪、睡眠幻觉、快眼动睡眠期行为障碍)共病特征及治疗这四个方面进行了讨论.     

小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞前体的培养和鉴定

目的 探讨新生大鼠脑组织小胶质细胞(MG)和少突胶质细胞(OL)前体的分离和体外培养方法 . 方法 取新生2 d SD大鼠脑组织,体外原代培养混合胶质细胞7 d后,分别采用"改良振荡伴差速贴壁"法和"营养缺失伴振荡"法纯化培养MG和OL前体,并分别应用免疫荧光染色异凝集素-B4(IB4)和OL前体标记物(O4)进行鉴定.结果 混合胶质细胞培养7 d后呈明显三层增长,其中MG位于上层,星型胶质细胞位于底层,两者之间为2型少突星型(O2A)祖细胞.纯化培养后OL前体胞体呈小圆形,有双极或三极突起,MG则以阿米巴形、圆形居多,或边缘呈毛刺状.免疫荧光染色IB4显示绿色荧光,MG纯度达到90%以上.免疫荧光染色O4显示棕黄色荧光,OL前体纯度达到95%以上. 结论 采用"改良振荡伴差速贴壁"法以及"营养缺失伴振荡"法分别成功获取大量纯度高、活力好的MG和OL前体.     

Design and pharmacological activity of glycinamide and N-methoxy amide derivatives of analogs and constitutional isomers of valproic acid

A series of glycinamide conjugates and N-methoxy amide derivatives of valproic acid (VPA) analogs and constitutional isomers were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. Of all compounds synthesized and tested, only N-methoxy-valnoctamide (N-methoxy-VCD) possessed better activity than VPA in the following anticonvulsant tests: maximal electroshock, subcutaneous metrazol, and 6-Hz (32-mA) seizure tests. In mice, the ED₅₀ values of N-methoxy-VCD were 142 mg/kg (maximal electroshock test), 70 mg/kg (subcutaneous metrazol test), and 35 mg/kg (6-Hz test), and its neurotoxicity TD₅₀ was 118 mg/kg. In rats, the ED₅₀ of N-methoxy-VCD in the subcutaneous metrazol test was 36 mg/kg and its protective index (PI = TD₅₀/ED₅₀) was > 5.5. In the rat pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model, N-methoxy-VCD demonstrated full protection at 200 mg/kg, without any neurotoxicity. N-Methoxy-VCD was tested for its ability to induce teratogenicity in a mouse strain susceptible to VPA-induced teratogenicity and was found to be nonteratogenic, although it caused some resorptions. Nevertheless, a safety margin was still maintained between the ED₅₀ values of N-methoxy-VCD in the mouse subcutaneous metrazol test and the doses that caused the resorptions. On the basis of these results, N-methoxy-VCD is a good candidate for further evaluation as a new anticonvulsant and central nervous system drug.     

Review and meta-analysis of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of mania in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: Using predetermined criteria for study quality and methods, a literature review and meta-analysis of seven reports about pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) was conducted to determine if there is a consistent picture of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of BPD in children and adolescents. METHODS: Searches were conducted in MedLine and PsycINFO using the terms mania, BPD, children and adolescents, and was limited to published articles in peer-reviewed journals. Seven reports were selected that met the following criteria: a systematic method for the elicitation and reporting of symptoms and clinical characteristics of subjects; subjects were interviewed by a trained researcher or clinician; ages 5-18 years; use of a diagnostic system, either DSM or RDC for categorization; a consensus method for the establishment of the diagnosis of BPD. RESULTS: Most DSM-IV symptoms of mania were common in the children and adolescents with BPD with the most common symptoms being increased energy, distractibility, and pressured speech. On average, four of five bipolar cases also showed threshold levels of irritable mood and grandiosity, and more than 70% of all cases showed elated/euphoric mood, decreased need for sleep, or racing thoughts. Roughly 69% of cases also showed poor judgment, whereas only half of bipolar cases demonstrated flight of ideas, and slightly more than one-third showed hypersexuality or psychotic features. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical picture that emerges is that of children or adolescents with periods of increased energy (mania or hypomania), accompanied by distractibility, pressured speech, irritability, grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep and euphoria/elation.     

Neurological and neuropsychological consequences of electrical and lightning shock:review and theories of causation

Injuries from lightning and electrical injuries involve multiple systems of the body, however neurological symptoms are very widely reported. A disabling neuropsychological syndrome is also noted.This paper presents a comprehensive review of neurological and neuropsychological symptoms. Partial theories of causation for these injuries have been advanced, however, there is no convincing explanation for both delay in onset of symptoms and also the genesis of the neuropsychological syndrome. A theory of causation is proposed which satisfies both these constraints.This theory suggests circulating hormones such as cortisol, together with nitric oxide and oxidant free radicals from glutamatergic hyper-stimulation, act on tissues remote from the injury path including the hippocampus.This theory opens a research path to explore treat-ment options.     

Effects of Agonists and Antagonists of Cholecystokinin on Contractile and Myoelectric Activity of Isolated Muscle of Colon and Ileum in the Dog and Guinea Pig

This study evaluates the effects of agonists and antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK) on contractile and myoelectrical activity in isolated longitudinal muscle strips from colon or ileum of guinea pigs or beagle dogs. Caerulein and CCK-8 caused a dose-dependent increase of contractile and myoelectrical spike activity in both species with maximal effects seen between 10⁻⁸ and 3 × 10⁻⁸ M. The dose responses were identical for both CCK agonists and species. The dose-related effects of CCK compounds on colonic muscle were slightly shifted to the right when compared to ileum in both species. All antagonists, the proglumide-derivatives CR1409, CR1392, and CR1505, as well as the nonpeptide substances asperlicin and L-364,718, caused a parallel rightward shift of CCK's dose-dependent motor activity response, indicating the competitive nature of inhibition. The antagonists displayed a rank order of potency in antagonizing CCK's action on intestinal motility similar to their ability to antagonize CCK's action on pancreas and gallbladder. L-364,718 was the most potent antagonist, followed by CR1409, CR1505, CR1392, asperlicin, and proglumide. The antagonists did not affect contractile or myoelectrical responses to acetylcholine, histamine, motilin, or substance P. Thus compounds that have been described as CCK antagonists for pancreas and gallbladder also act as specific and competitive antagonists of CCK's action on contractile and myoelectrical activity of Heal and colonie muscle.