淫羊藿属9种淫羊藿叶中朝藿定C和淫羊藿苷量的考察

淫羊藿属Epimedium L．药用植物，在我国有29种，产于川陕者14种，具有多方面的药理活性。《中国药典》作为淫羊藿药材的有5种，分别为淫羊藿、朝鲜淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿、巫山淫羊藿和柔毛淫羊藿，笔者在进行淫羊藿成分系统分离研究的基础上，对采集的川陕豫产9种习惯人药的淫羊藿品种，将其叶中的主要成分朝藿定C和淫羊藿苷的量进行了考察，结果表明大部分品种朝藿定C量大于淫羊藿苷。     

淫羊藿应用研究进展

淫羊藿为小檗科多年生直立草本植物淫羊藿Epimedium brevicornum Maxim、箭叶淫羊藿E．sagittatum（S．et Z）Maxim、柔毛淫羊藿E．pubescens Maxim、巫山淫羊藿E．wushanense T．S．Ying或朝鲜淫羊藿E．koreanum Nakai的地上部分。辛、甘、温,归肝、肾经,有温肾壮阳、强筋骨、祛风湿的功效,用于肾阳虚阳痿、不孕、尿频,肝肾不足所致筋骨痹痛、风湿拘挛麻木等证。《本经》：淫羊藿“主阴痿绝伤,茎中痛,利小便,益气力,强志。”《日华子本草》：     

甘肃不同产地淫羊藿中总黄酮和淫羊藿苷含量测定

目的比较甘肃榆中、阿甘镇、武山、徽县4个产地淫羊藿中主要活性成分总黄酮和淫羊藿苷的含量。方法采用回流提取法提取,以紫外分光光度（UV）法测定总黄酮含量,高效液相色谱（HPLC）法比较各产地图谱,并测定淫羊藿苷的含量。结果不同产地的HPLC图谱相似,榆中淫羊藿中总黄酮的含量最高（8．07％）,徽县淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷的含量最高（1．11％）,建立的总黄酮和淫羊藿苷含量测定方法的精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收率均良好。结论该方法为淫羊藿药材的质量研究和商品规格提供了参考依据。     

温度对油炙巫山淫羊藿总黄酮和淫羊藿苷含量的影响

目的考察温度对油炙淫羊藿主要成分的影响.方法采用高效液相法、紫外分光光度法对淫羊藿生品及不同温度炮制品中总黄酮和淫羊藿苷进行定量分析.结果与生品比较,120 ℃炮制品淫羊藿苷和总黄酮的含量均最高;其他温度下总黄酮含量略有降低,淫羊藿苷含量均明显增加.结论温度对总黄酮和淫羊藿苷含量有很大影响,120 ℃可能是巫山淫羊藿油炙的最佳温度.     

淫羊藿提取物中淫羊藿苷含量的HPLC测定

淫羊藿药材为《中华人民共和国药典》2 0 0 0年版收载品种 ,淫羊藿苷为其中有效成分。为了控制其质量 ,本实验建立了 HPLC法测定淫羊藿提取物中淫羊藿苷的含量 ,并在方法学考察过程中 ,对文献 [1～ 6 ]报道的多种色谱条件进行了比较 ,建立了合适的测定方法。1　仪器与试剂Waters(2 690 -996)高效液相色谱仪 ,Sart-o-rius BP2 1 1 D型电子天平 ,CQ-2 5 0超声波清洗仪。淫羊藿提取物 (浸膏粉 )为本公司自制。淫羊藿苷对照品 (中国药品生物制品检定所提供 ,供含量测定用 ,批号 :0 73 7-2 0 0 1 1 1 )。乙腈为色谱纯 ,甲醇为分析纯 ,水为重…     

淫羊藿苷与淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ的体外抗氧化作用

的：检测淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ的体外抗氧化活性,阐明淫羊藿黄酮类化合物的抗氧化机制。方法: 以抗坏血酸(Vc)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)为阳性对照,测定淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ和BHT对1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH?)的清除率;铁氰化钾还原法测定其还原力;利用NADH-NBT-PMS系统测定其对超氧阴离子(O2－?)的清除率;2-脱氧-D-核糖降解法测定淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ对羟自由基(OH?)的清除率,硫代巴比妥酸法测定其对脂质过氧化的抑制率,β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸自氧化体系测定其总抗氧化能力。结果:不同样品对DPPH?均有一定的清除作用,淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ清除DPPH?的能力较淫羊藿苷强(P<0.05)。淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ在浓度梯度范围内对O2－?有一定的清除作用,均表现出一定的浓度依赖性,与同浓度的BHT比较,淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ对O2－?的清除率较低,且淫羊藿苷的清除能力略低于淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ。      淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ在浓度为0.1～0.5 g.L^-1时对OH?清除率分别为(16.76±0.35)%~(40.56±1.46)%和(15.65±0.72)%~(28.51±0.91)%。当浓度为0.9 g.L^-1时,淫羊藿苷、Vc和淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ对脂质过氧化的抑制率为(58.79±1.56) %、(75.05±2.12)%和 (37.82±1.43)%。随着浓度的增加,抑制率不再有显著的增加。随着样品浓度的增加,淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ和标准品Vc还原力均表现出浓度依赖性。30~120 min内淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ的抗氧化活性均低于淫羊藿苷和BHT（P<0.05或P<0.01）。淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ在体外抗氧化的各项指标中表现出的抗氧化活性均弱于Vc和BHT。结论: 淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ在清除DPPH?、O2－?、OH?和抑制脂质过氧化、总抗氧化能力和还原力方面,均具有明显的抗氧化能力。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定淫羊藿叶和浸膏中淫羊藿苷的含量

中药淫羊藿(ｈｅｒｂａｅｐｉｍｅｄｉｉ)所含的淫羊藿苷(ｉｃａｒｉｉｎ)为其主要有效成分之一。淫羊藿具有补肾阳、强筋骨、祛风湿的作用,主要用于阳痿遗精、风湿痹痛、麻木拘挛和更年期高血压症。淫羊藿苷的含量反映了淫羊藿的质量。因此,我们建立了反相高效液相色谱法来测定淫羊藿叶及淫羊藿浸膏的含量,为建立其质量标准奠定基础。材料和方法试药　朝鲜淫羊藿(ＥｐｅｍｅｄｉｕｍｋｏｒｅａｎｕｍＮａｋａｉ)叶粉末(过40目筛,产地:辽宁),淫羊藿浸膏(100ｇ药材提取得4ｇ浸膏,本校药学院生药学教研室研制),淫羊藿苷(ｉｃａｒｉｉｎ)对照品…     

淫羊藿降压有效部位中活性成分淫羊藿甙含量的RP—HPLC分析

建立了淫羊藿Epimediumgrandiflorum降压有效部位中降压活性成分淫羊藿甙（icariin）含量的RP－HPLC分析方法。并对由不同产地的淫羊藿药材制备的淫羊藿降压有效部位中淫羊藿甙的含量进行了分析。这为淫羊藿降压有效部位质量标准的制定奠定了基础。     

四种含淫羊藿中成药中淫羊藿甙的含量测定

本文采用高效液相色谱法测定了四种中成药中淫羊藿甙的含量。以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填料，柱温３０℃；甲醇－０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钠水溶液（磷酸调ｐＨ＝２．７）（５７：４３）为流动相，１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；检测波长为２６８ｎｍ，淫羊藿甙色谱峰形对称、分离度好。所测补肾强身片、龟龄集、壮骨关节丸和前列宁冲剂中淫羊藿甙的含量分别为０．１０５％，０．０９９５％，０．０５６６％，０．３１３％。     

淫羊藿苷及其代谢产物脱水淫羊藿素促血管内皮细胞增殖的初步机制研究

目的研究淫羊藿苷及其代谢产物脱水淫羊藿素脐静脉血管内皮细胞的影响。方法体外培养人脐静脉血管内皮细胞,用CCK-8法检测淫羊藿苷和脱水淫羊藿素(1μM)对血管内皮细胞的增殖能力影响。Real-time PCR法检测与血管形成相关基因的表达,探讨淫羊藿苷和脱水淫羊藿素对血管形成的分子机制。结果淫羊藿苷和脱水淫羊藿素均具有轻微的促血管内皮细胞增殖的作用。Real-time PCR结果显示,淫羊藿苷可以上调血管内皮生长因子(VEGFA)、乏氧因子(HIF-1α)和金属基质蛋白酶(MMP-2)表达,下调单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP-1)和白细胞介素(IL-8)基因表达。脱水淫羊藿素则可以上调上述所有基因表达。结论淫羊藿苷可以单独或通过其代谢产物脱水淫羊藿素上调血管形成相关基因VEGFA、HIF-1α、MMP-2、MCP-1和IL-8基因表达,进而促进血管内皮细胞增生及血管形成。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.