室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁的镶嵌治疗

目的总结室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁患儿在开胸非体外循环下肺动脉瓣穿刺球囊扩张的镶嵌治疗经验。方法回顾性分析11例室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁患儿行镶嵌治疗肺动脉瓣穿刺球囊扩张术,记录手术资料和术后监护数据。结果 9例室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁,2例重度肺动脉狭窄接近闭锁,右心室发育尚可,三尖瓣Z值>-2,全组均采用开胸术非体外循环下穿刺球囊扩张肺动脉瓣,手术无死亡病例。术后患儿的平均血氧饱和度达到(90±4)%,无球囊扩张相关并发症。2例患儿出现低心排血量综合征,无住院死亡。平均随访时间(8±3)个月,所有患儿仍均伴有轻-中度肺动脉狭窄,1例患儿因术后肺动脉狭窄再次行右心室流出道补片扩大手术。结论镶嵌方法行肺动脉瓣切开可以有效治疗新生儿室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁;可提供足够的肺血流促进三尖瓣以及右心室发育,可消除常规外科手术体外循环对于心脏的创伤,避免导管产生并发症,提高操作的安全性和成功率。     

手术治疗新生儿主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损的安全性

目的：评价新生儿主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损手术治疗的安全性及技术要点。方法：回顾性分析湖南省儿童医院2013年4月至2015年5月23例手术治疗的主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损新生儿的临床资料，全组患儿均在全身麻醉浅低温体外循环下行主动脉缩窄矫治和室间隔缺损修补术，所有患儿延迟关胸。结果：全组术后早期死亡1例，随访2~27个月，无再次手术及死亡病例。手术时间(192.7±43.4) min，体外循环时间(132.4±26.4) min，主动脉阻断时间(65.3±18.4) min。ICU停留时间(185.3±56.4) h，呼吸机辅助通气时间(42.4±24.5) h，延迟关胸时间(36.3±18.6) h，术后住院时间(15.3±4.6) d。术后并发症12例，包括术后出血6例，急性肾功能衰竭4例，伤口延迟愈合1例，迟发主动脉再缩窄1例。结论：对于病情严重的新生儿期主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损患儿行一期手术矫治安全有效。充分游离主动脉弓部和个体化的主动脉成形方式，是手术成功的关键。     

婴幼儿复杂先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸的护理

目的：探讨婴幼儿复杂先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸的护理要点及临床效果。方法：回顾分析2011年4月~2013年间7例复杂先心术后延迟关胸患儿的临床资料,其中法洛氏四联症矫治4例,完全性大血管转位、重度肺动脉高压室间隔修补、完全性肺静脉异位引流各1例,术后密切监测循环功能,做好呼吸道管理,控制出入量,保持引流通畅,预防切口感染,加强营养支持,患儿于术后2~5天2期关胸。结果：延迟关胸时间2~5天,1例患儿死于术后严重低心排并肾功能衰竭,6例患儿在循环稳定后2期手术关胸,其中合并肺部感染、肺不张2例,急性肾功能不全1例,经对症治疗后痊愈出院,无纵隔感染发生。结论：延迟关胸为婴幼儿复杂先心渡过严重术后并发症的有效方法,科学、合理的护理对提高抢救成功率、促进患儿康复十分重要。     

低月龄及低体重患儿心脏手术的体外循环管理及预后

目的探讨低月龄、低体重患儿心脏手术的体外循环方法及管理策略。方法回顾性总结武警总医院2008年度至2012年度共297例月龄≤12月且体重≤10kg的先心病患儿行心内直视术的体外循环方法,分析围手术期并发症及死亡情况。结果体外循环时间16～122（57．4±13．9）min,主动脉阻断时间6～95（35．1±11．3）min,均采用改良超滤＋平衡超滤,围术期低心排综合征26例,急性呼吸窘迫综合征33例,难治性肺炎9例,肾功能衰竭5例,延迟关胸5例,围术期死亡5例。结论合理的预充和灌注,采用超滤并重视脏器的保护,是低月龄、低体重先天性心脏病患儿心脏手术的体外循环管理的合理策略,可以有效改善手术预后。     

新生儿先天性心脏病的外科治疗

目的：总结12例新生儿先天性心脏病的外科治疗经验。方法：12例先天性心脏病新生儿,年龄4～15d,体重2．5—4．2kg,其中,完全性大动脉转位(TGA)4例,法乐氏四联症(TOF)2例,单心室(Sv)1例。完全性房室管畸形(ECD)1例,肺动脉闭锁(PAD)1例,右位心三尖瓣闭锁(TVD)1例,室间隔缺损(VSD)合并房间隔缺损(ASD)2例;均在低温体外循环下行一期矫治术。结果：存活10例(83．3％),死亡2例(16．7％)。结论：新生儿心脏手术麻醉,体外循环要平稳,手术操作要精细,手术成功的关键是畸形纠正满意及良好的心肌和肺保护。     

室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压的体外循环管理

目的 总结室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压的患者心内直视修补术中体外循环的管理.方法 选择2005年10月至2010年12月我院收治的室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压患者65例,经诊断性治疗后54例患者在体外循环下行室间隔缺损修补术.结果 体外循环时间26～68 min,平均(46±12)min;主动脉阻断时间15～38 min,平均(26±8)min.手术死亡1例(1.8％),术后第5天死于低心排出量综合征.结论 对于室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压患者,掌握好手术适应证、术中体外循环配合注重心肌保护、肺保护、酸碱和电解质平衡的纠正、扩血管药物以及超滤技术的应用,直接影响手术疗效.     

婴幼儿完全性肺静脉异位引流的外科治疗

目的:对婴幼儿完全性肺静脉异位引流的外科治疗进行分析总结。方法:选取山西省儿童医院心胸外科2009年10月~2014年4月收治的TAPVC患儿21例,其中心上型12例、心内型7例、混合型1例、心下型1例,均在体外循环下行完全性肺静脉异位引流矫治术。结果:主动脉阻断时间为(42.6±21.3)min,体外循环时间为(84.6±28.4)min,术后呼吸机使用时间(3.42±2.01)d。所有患儿手术均成功,早期无死亡。围手术期出现低心排2例,肺高压危象1例,合并肾功能不全1例,出现房性早搏3例,节性心律2例,延迟关胸1例,均经治疗后出院。术后随访3个月~2年,除1例心上型TAPVC患儿,术后1年出现吻合口狭窄,肺静脉梗阻,死于严重心衰。余患儿生长发育良好,紫绀消失。多次复查心脏彩超,吻合口无梗阻,房室腔较前减小或基本接近正常。结论:对TAPVC患儿,一旦确诊,就应该尽早手术治疗,术中吻合口足够大是手术成功的关键。同时加强术后监护治疗,防止术后低心排及肺动脉高压危象的发生,并加强术后随访。     

合并主动脉弓离断复杂先天性心脏病同期根治手术的临床疗效

目的 评价合并主动脉弓离断复杂先天性心脏病同期外科根治手术的临床疗效.方法 1996年7月至2008年10月,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院心血管病研究所48例合并主动脉弓离断复杂先天性心脏病患儿接受同期根治手术,其中A型40例,B型8例.男30例、女18例,年龄0.08～7.00(1.97±2.05)岁,体重3～20(9±5)kg;合并中-重度肺动脉高压42例,平均肺动脉压力61～106(82±14)mm Hg,肺动脉阻力66～762(315±259)dyn·s·cm~(-5),均合并动脉导管未闭,其他合并畸形:室间隔缺损33例、房间隔缺损8例、二尖瓣关闭不全6例、三尖瓣关闭不全5例、主肺动脉窗4例、右室双出口3例、二尖瓣狭窄2例等.手术均采用胸骨正中切口,在全麻深低温低流量、深低温低流量结合停循环、深低温停循环下进行,其中主动脉弓成形术30例,主动脉弓置换术18例,心内畸形同期矫治:室间隔缺损修补术33例、房间隔缺损修补术8例、二尖瓣成形术7例、三尖瓣成形术4例、主肺动脉窗修补术4例、心室内隧道2例、大动脉调转术1例等.结果 全组体外循环时间112～375(182±52)min,主动脉阻断时间24～287(99±45)min,气管插管时间8～936(179±133)h,ICU住院时间1～57(14±14)d,出院时复查超声心动图主动脉弓恢复正常解剖结构,无显著压差,心内畸形矫治满意.全组患者死亡3例(3/48,6.25%),死亡主要原因:肺动脉高压危象、呼吸功能衰竭、低心排综合征等.主要并发症:二次开胸止血2例,气管切开2例,术后右侧膈肌麻痹行膈肌折叠术1例,延迟关胸1例,右侧胸腔积液1例,严重肺部感染1例.生存患者均痊愈出院,生活质量提高,随访3个月～12年,无远期死亡或严重术后并发症.结论 主动脉弓重建同期矫治心内畸形治疗合并主动脉弓离断复杂先天性心脏病患儿临床疗效满意,提高了患儿的生存质量.     

重症心脏瓣膜病28例围手术期治疗体会

目的:回顾性总结重症心脏瓣膜病瓣膜置换术围手术期处理的经验。方法:对2006年2月-2011年3月共28例重症心脏瓣膜病行瓣膜置换术患者的临床资料进行回顾性的总结分析。结果:围术期死亡3例,死亡率10.7%;并发症:早期出现低心排综合8例,其中1例并发多器官功能衰竭死亡。出现室性心律失常6例,其中1例因顽固室性心律失常死亡。心包、纵隔引流多二次开胸止血或(和)延迟关胸3例。术后感染性心内膜炎伴肾功能衰竭1例。术后脑梗死1例死亡。结论:注意重症心脏瓣膜病外科治疗的围手术期处理和手术时机选择对减少术后并发症和提高手术成功率有重要意义。     

新生儿完全性大动脉转位大动脉调转术的麻醉处理

目的 探讨新生儿完全性大动脉转位行大动脉调转术的麻醉管理.方法 14例完全性大动脉转位的新生儿,在气管插管全麻、体外循环(CPB)下行大动脉调转术,麻醉采用间断予芬太尼、咪达唑仑和维库溴铵维持,主动脉开放后给予多巴胺、米力农等血管活性药物,维持血流动力学稳定.结果 全组麻醉平稳,CPB转流时间186 ～392 (237.1±42.3) min,主动脉阻断时间126～201(139.5±34.2)min,术后呼吸机支持时间24 ～342 h.术后并发低心排综合征3例,死亡2例,延期关胸5例,低氧血症4例,肺部感染、急性肾功能衰竭各2例.结论 新生儿大动脉调转手术麻醉危险性高,术中加强左室功能支持,维持血流动力学平稳,重视肺部并发症处理是麻醉管理重点.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.