聚合酶链反应检测细菌16SrRNA基因

根据细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因的高度保守性,设计合成所有细菌,革兰氏阳性细菌及革兰氏阴性细菌的共同引物,采用聚合酶链反应检测已知细菌１３株,三对引物分别扩增的阳性率为１００％,倍比稀释法能检出细菌浓度为４ＣＦＵ．ｍｌ＾－１,同时检测临床样本４０份,阳性率为６７．５％,同期细菌培养阳性率为４５％,二者比较差异有显著性。     

聚合酶链反应检测革兰阴性细菌16SrRNA

寻找诊断细菌感染病原理炙敏感和有效的方法。方法 根据细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因的高度保守性，设计合成革兰阴性细菌的共同引物，采用聚合酶链反应检测已知的革兰阴性细菌９株，革兰阴性菌４株。结果 革兰阴性菌检测阳性率为１００％。采用倍比稀释法检出大肠杆菌的最低浓度为４ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ。     

肝硬化失代偿期患者腹水、胸水及血液中16S rRNA基因检测

为寻找诊断肝硬化失代偿期并发自发性腹膜炎、胸膜炎和败血症时检测病原菌的方法。采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增真细菌域的１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因，与Ｇｒａｍ阴性和Ｇｒａｍ阳性特异探针杂交检测肝硬化失代偿期患者胸腹水和血液中的致病菌。结果：ＰＣＲ腹水检测病原菌的阳性率９１４％；Ｇｒａｍ阴性探针斑点杂交（Ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ）阳性率１００％；Ｇｒａｍ阳性杂交阳性率２１７％，高于细菌培养和鲎试验。结果提示：用ＰＣＲＤｏｔＢｌｏｔ杂交法检测病原菌的１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因是诊断肝硬化自发性腹膜炎、胸膜炎和败血症等各种细菌感染的一种新方法     

肝硬化失代偿期患者腹水,胸水及血液中16S rRNA基因检测

为寻找诊断肝硬化失代偿期并发自发性腹膜炎、胸膜炎和败血症时的菌的方法。采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增真细菌域的１６Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因，与Ｇｒａｍ阴性和Ｇｒａｍ阳性特异探针杂交检测肝硬化失代偿期患者胸腹水和血液中的致病菌。结果：ＰＣＲ腹水检测病原菌的阳性率９１．４％；Ｇｒａｍ阴性探针斑点杂交（Ｄｏｔ ｂｌｏｔ）阳性率１００％；Ｇｒａｍ阳性杂交阳性率２１．７％，高于细菌培养和鲎试验。结果提示：用ＰＣＲ－     

应用聚合酶链反应技术检测解脲脲原体

本文就聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测解脲脲原体（ＵＵ）的方法建立与应用进行了探讨。利用互补于１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因的一对引物，通过ＰＣＲ对ＵＵ进行检测，扩增片段长度为３９７ｂｐ。与４６例培养对照，培养阳性９例，ＰＣＲ阳性１３例，而且其它相关微生物ＰＣＥ检测无特异性扩增。对临床６２例泌尿生殖道感染患者进行检测，阳性率为１５／６２（２４．２％）。该法具有可靠、简便、快速等优点，用于解脲脲原体感染的临床诊断具有重要价值。     

阴道加德纳菌致病株的检测

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）法检测阴道加德纳菌（Ｇ．Ｖａｇ）致病株,探讨其临床诊断价值。在ＩＴＳ－２３ｓｒＲＮＡ基因上设计一对特异性引物Ｐ１／Ｐ２,建立ＰＣＲ反应体系,特异地扩增Ｇ．Ｖａｇ致病株。结果Ｇ．Ｖａｇ扩增片段４３３ｂｐ,１４１例有临床症状者检出３６例阳性,阳性率２５５％,１２９例无症状对照组检出６例阳性,阳性率４６％,两者比较差异有显著性。该ＰＣＲ反应体系特异地检测Ｇ．Ｖａｇ致病株,为临床诊断及其致病性的研究提供了新的检测方法     

16 SrRNA基因聚合酶链反应检测细菌感染的研究

目的：探索快速可靠的检测细菌感染的新方法。方法：通过自行设计合成的细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因高度保守区引物,对２０ 种标准菌株、１２ 种２７ 株临床分离的细菌株、人基因组ＤＮＡ及巨细胞病毒进行聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增。结果：对所测细菌株均获得３７１ ｂｐ 扩增产物,而与人基因组ＤＮＡ、巨细胞病毒无交叉阳性反应,ＰＣＲ最低能检测ｌｐｇ 大肠杆菌ＤＮＡ。结论：建立了用共同引物ＰＣＲ扩增以判断是否存在细菌感染的方法,该方法检测快速,敏感性和特异性高。     

钩端螺旋体病患者早期血标本的PCR检测

以问号钩体１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因多变区序列作引物，用ＳｉＯ＿２高盐吸附法处理，对５５例钩体病患者早期血标本进行了扩增。结果表明，问号钩体１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因引物可用于钧体病的临床检测和流行病学调查，其检测效果明显优于血培养和显微镜凝集试验（Ｐ＜０．０１）等方法。     

钩端螺旋体16SrRNA逆转录聚合酶链反应

用ＳｉＯ＿２－高盐吸附法提取钩体ＲＮＡ，以问号状钩体１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因引物对问号状钩体ｌａｉ型Ｌａｉ株和双曲钩体ｐａｔｏｃ型ＰａｔｏｃⅠ株的ＲＮＡ进行逆转录聚合酶链反应扩增。结果表明，采用本法对ＲＮＡ和ＤＮＡ同时检测时，在琼脂糖凝胶电泳中，可使肉眼检测水平提高约１００倍。     

用三对引物检测血液中细胞DNA的方法学

目的：建立稳定、敏感的检测血液中肠源性细菌ＤＮＡ的方法。方法：取２３例腹部手术后体温＞３８．５℃患者的肘静脉血进行血培养,并以酚抽提法提取全血ＤＮＡ进行ＰＣＲ,靶基因分别为大肠杆菌特异性的β－半糖甘酶基因、脆弱类杆菌特异性的谷氨酰胺合成酶基因,以及大多数细菌所共有的１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因。以标准菌株提取的ＤＮＡ为阳性对照。空白对照为阴性对照,２０例健康志愿者全血ＤＮＡ为正常对照。对２０例标本重复检测２次以确定其复现性。结果：ＰＣＲ复现率为９５％。血培养阳性率为１３．０％（３／２３）,ＰＣＲ检测阳性率为４３．５％（１０／２３）,较血培养阳性率高（Ｐ＝０．０１６）。结论：按照规范进行的ＰＣＲ检测血液中肠源性细菌方法稳定,比血培养敏感。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.