异氟醚对PC12细胞株细胞周期与凋亡的影响

目的 探讨异氟醚对PC12细胞株细胞周期与凋亡的影响.方法 经神经生长因子孵育7d的神经元样PC12细胞,培养于25 cm2培养瓶,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=6):对照组(C组)和异氟醚组(Ⅰ组).C组正常培养,Ⅰ组用1.2％异氟醚处理12 h.采用倒置相差光学显微镜观察细胞形态;收集细胞,采用流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率、细胞周期、线粒体膜电位(MMP)及胞浆钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i).结果 与C组比较,Ⅰ组G0/G1期细胞比例减少,S期和G2/M期细胞比例增加,细胞凋亡率增加,MMP降低,[Ca2+];增加(P＜0.05).Ⅰ组细胞形态发生损伤变化.结论 1.2％异氟醚处理神经元样PC12细胞12 h,可异常启动细胞周期,致细胞发生凋亡.     

七氟醚预处理对谷氨酸诱发新生大鼠海马神经元钙离子释放的影响

目的 通过评价七氟醚预处理对谷氨酸诱发新生大鼠海马神经元钙离子释放的影响,探讨七氟醚脑保护作用的机制.方法 取出生24 h Wistar大鼠的原代培养海马神经元,培养12 d后,随机分为4组(n=80):对照组(C组)、谷氨酸组(G组)、谷氨酸+1 MAC七氟醚组(GM1组)和谷氨酸+2 MAC七氟醚组(GM2组),每组又分为细胞外液有钙和无钙2个亚组(n=40).G组荧光染色后用1 mmol/L谷氨酸刺激5min;GM1组和GM2组分别以1 MAC、2MAC七氟醚处理1 h后,再行荧光染色和谷氨酸刺激.用显微荧光技术测定海马神经元内游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i).结果 G组、GM1组和GM,组[Ca2+]i最大值高于基础值,且高于C组(P＜0.01);与G组比较,GM2组的2个亚组[Ca2+]i最大值均降低,在细胞外液无钙条件下GM1组[Ca2+]i最大值降低(P＜0.01);与GM1组比较,GM2组的2个亚组[Ca2+]i最大值均降低(P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚预处理可能通过抑制谷氨酸诱发新生大鼠海马神经元[Ca2+]i升高,抑制钙超载.     

异氟醚对转染APPsw基因SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的影响和IP3受体在其中的作用

目的 评价异氟醚对转染APPsw基因SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的影响和1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇(IP3)受体在其中的作用.方法 将转染APPsw基因的SH-SY5Y细胞以1.2×104个/cm2密度接种于培养瓶中,采用随机数字表法,将其分为4组(n=6):对照组(C组)、IP3受体拮抗剂组(Ⅹ组)、异氟醚组(Ⅰ组)和异氟醚+ IP3受体拮抗剂组(Ⅰ+Ⅹ组).继续培养24h细胞贴壁后,C组常规培养;Ⅹ组和Ⅰ+Ⅹ组加入IP3受体拮抗剂Xestospongin C 100 nmol/L; 30 min后Ⅰ组和Ⅰ+Ⅹ组给予1.2％异氟醚处理8h.收集细胞,电镜下观察超微结构,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和胞浆内游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i),采用Western blot法测定IP3受体蛋白表达.结果 与C组比较,Ⅹ组细胞凋亡率、[Ca2+]i和IP3受体蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅰ+Ⅹ组细胞凋亡率增加,[Ca2+]i升高,IP3受体蛋白表达上调(P ＜0.05或0.01);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅰ+Ⅹ组细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i降低,IP3受体蛋白表达下调(P＜0.01).Ⅰ组和Ⅰ+Ⅹ组细胞出现病理学损伤,Ⅰ组损伤重于Ⅰ+Ⅹ组.结论 异氟醚可通过升高胞浆内游离Ca2+浓度、上调IP3受体蛋白表达,引起转染APPsw基因的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡.     

血红素加氧酶-1在七氟醚预处理减轻乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的作用

目的 探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)在七氟醚预处理减轻乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的作用.方法 新生健康清洁级SD大鼠15只,日龄1～3d,处死后取心室肌组织,原代培养心肌细胞,以1×106个/ml接种于6孔培养板或以2× 105个/ml接种于24孔培养板,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n＝25):对照组(C组)常规培养;缺氧复氧组(H/R组)采用缺氧2h,复氧1h的方法制备心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型;七氟醚预处理组(S+ H/R组)细胞经2.5％七氟醚预处理20min后行药物洗脱10 min,再行缺氧复氧处理;锌原卟啉+七氟醚预处理组(ZnPP+ S+ H/R组)细胞经HO-1抑制剂锌原卟啉3 μmol/L孵育1h后,行七氟醚预处理及缺氧复氧处理.于复氧结束后测定心肌细胞HO-1表达、细胞凋亡率、细胞内游离Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)、线粒体膜通透性转运孔(PTP)开放程度、细胞色素C(Cyto C)表达及培养液LDH和CK活性.结果 与C组比较,H/R组心肌细胞HO-1和胞浆Cyto C表达上调,线粒体Cyto C表达下调,培养液LDH、CK活性、细胞凋亡率、[Ca2+]i和PTP开放度升高(P<0.01).与H/R组比较,S+H/R组心肌细胞HO-1和线粒体Cyto C表达上调,胞浆Cyto C 表达下调,培养液LDH、CK活性、细胞凋亡率、[Ca2+]i和PIP开放度降低(P<0.01).与S+H/R组比较,ZnPP+ S+ H/R组心肌细胞HO-1和线粒体Cyto C表达下调,胞浆CytoC表达上调,培养液LDH、CK活性、细胞凋亡率、[Ca2+]i和PTP开放度升高(P<0.01).结论 HO-1表达上调参与了七氟醚预处理减轻乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤.     

不同浓度异氟醚对新生大鼠离体大脑皮层神经元活力的影响

目的 探讨不同浓度异氟醚对新生大鼠离体大脑皮层神经元活力的影响.方法 出生4～5 h的Wistar大鼠10只,通过分离、纯化、原代培养大脑皮层神经元12 d,随机分为4组,每组10孔.对照组(C组)、0.6%异氟醚组(I1组)、1.2%异氟醚组(I2组)和2.4%异氟醚组(I3组).I1～3组将培养板置于相应浓度异氟醚密闭箱内进行处理,C组不做任何处理.分别于处理1、2、4、8、12和24 h(T1-6)时,采用ELISA法检测上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,MTT法检测神经元活力,用显微荧光技术测定有钙和无钙条件下神经元内游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]I).结果 与C组比较,I1组T6时LDH活性降低,神经元活力升高,I2组T5.6时和I3组T4～6时LDH活性升高,神经元活力降低(P＜0.05);有钙条件下,C组、I1～3组神经元内[Ca2+]I峰值依次升高,无钙条件下,与C组比较,I1组神经元内[Ca2+]I峰值降低,I2,3组升高,I1～3组神经元内[Ca2+]I峰值依次升高(P＜0.05).结论 0.6%异氟醚可增强原代培养新生大鼠大脑皮层神经元活力,1.2%、2.4%异氟醚可降低原代培养新生大鼠大脑皮层神经元活力,其机制可能与神经元内Ca2+浓度变化有关.     

内质网三磷酸肌醇受体在fractalkine诱发BV-2小胶质细胞p38MAPK信号通路激活中的作用

目的 探讨内质网三磷酸肌醇受体在fractalkine诱发BV-2小胶质细胞p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)信号通路激活中的作用.方法 将BV-2小胶质细胞以1×105个/ml浓度接种于3.5 cm培养皿(5 ml/皿)、50 ml培养瓶(8 ml/瓶)、24孔培养板(1 ml/孔)或6孔培养板(2 ml/孔),采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为5组(n=25)∶正常对照组(C组)、fractalkine组(F组)、CX3C趋化因子受体1抗体anti-CX3CR1+ fractalkine组(CF组)、内质网三磷酸肌醇受体拮抗剂2-APB+ fractalkine组(AF组)及p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580+ fractalkine组(SF组).除C组外,其他4组加入10 nmol/L fractalkine,CF组、AF组及SF组于加入fractalkine前1h分别加入15 μmol/L anti-CX3CR1、50 μmol/L 2-APB及10 μmol/L SB203580.测定fractalkine孵育10 min期间细胞内Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)的最大值作为[Ca2+]i,于fractalkine孵育即刻、30、60、120、240 min时测定p38MAPK磷酸化水平,于fractalkine孵育24h时测定细胞培养液白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度.结果 与C组比较,F组、CF组、AF组和SF组[Ca2+]i、p38MAPK磷酸化水平、IL-1β和TNF-α浓度升高(P＜0.05);与F组比较,CF组和AF组[Ca2+]i降低,CF组、AF组及SF组p38MAPK磷酸化水平、IL-1β和TNF-α浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 内质网三磷酸肌醇受体参与了fractalkine诱发BV-2小胶质细胞p38MAPK信号通路激活.     

抗氧化剂MitoQ对异氟醚诱导大鼠海马神经元损伤的影响及机制

目的探讨抗氧化剂MitoQ对异氟醚诱导的新生大鼠海马神经元细胞损伤的影响及潜在机制。方法 SPF级健康SD大鼠15只,7日龄,体重15~20g。采用随机数字表法分为三组:对照组(C组)、异氟醚组(I组)和异氟醚+MitoQ组(IM组),每组5只。C组吸入空-氧混合气体。Ⅰ组于出生后7、14和21d吸入1.5%异氟醚2h,IM组在每次吸入异氟醚前腹腔注射MitoQ0.4ml/kg。于出生后28d采用HE染色观察各组大鼠海马CA1区海马神经元细胞形态。分离培养新生大鼠原代海马神经元细胞培养并分组处理,采用MTT法和TUNEL原位荧光染色法检测细胞存活率和凋亡率;采用硫代巴比妥酸法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测细胞中丙二醛(MDA)浓度和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;采用Rhodamine 123染色荧光显微镜照相法检测线粒体膜电位(MMP),DCFH-DA染色荧光显微镜照相法检测细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)生成量,采用Western blot法检测海马神经元细胞中Bax、Bcl-2和caspase-3蛋白含量。结果与C组比较,Ⅰ组大鼠海马组织神经细胞受损明显,细胞数目减少,Ⅰ组细胞存活率明显降低,细胞凋亡率明显升高,MDA浓度明显升高,SOD活性明显降低,ROS生成量明显增加,MMP水平明显降低,Bax和caspase-3蛋白含量明显升高,Bcl-2蛋白含量明显降低(P0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,IM组大鼠海马组织神经细胞损伤减少,细胞存活率明显升高,细胞凋亡率明显降低,MDA浓度明显降低,SOD活性明显升高,ROS生成量明显减少,MMP水平明显升高,Bax和caspase-3蛋白含量明显降低,Bcl-2蛋白含量明显升高(P0.05)。结论抗氧化剂MitoQ可明显抑制异氟醚诱导的海马神经元细胞损伤,这与其拮抗细胞氧化应激和维持线粒体功能作用密切相关。     

异氟醚和七氟醚对人肺癌细胞株A549细胞凋亡及CD44和CD54表达的影响

目的 评价异氟醚和七氟醚对人肺癌细胞株A549细胞凋亡及CD44和CD54表达的影响.方法 人肺癌细胞株A549接种于24孔培养板中,培养24 h后,随机分为对照组(C组)、异氟醚组(Iso组)和七氟醚组(Sev组),每组8孔.将培养板置于无菌密闭容器内,再置于37℃恒温水浴箱中.C组通入95%O2-5%CO2混合气体2 L/min,维持4 h;Iso组通入95%O2-5%CO2混合气体2 L/min 和异氟醚,维持异氟醚浓度1.7%4 h;Sev组通入95%O2-5%CO2混合气体2 L/min和七氟醚,维持七氟醚浓度2.5%4 h.处理完成后,放回37℃、5%CO2,培养箱中,继续培养24 h.分别于处理前、处理2、4 h和处理后24 h时,取A549细胞,检测细胞凋亡情况,计算细胞凋亡率;测定CD44和CD54的表达水平.结果 与处理前比较,Iso组处理4 h和处理后24 h时细胞凋亡率升高,Sev组处理2、4 h和处理后24 h时细胞凋亡率升高,Iso组和Sevo组处理2、4 h和处理后24 h时CD44和CD54表达下调(P<0.05);与C组比较,Iso组处理4 h和处理后24 h时细胞凋亡率升高,Sev组处理2、4 h和处理后24 h时细胞凋亡率升高,Iso组和Sevo组处理2、4 h和处理后24 h时CD44和CD54表达下调(P<0.05);与Iso组,Sevo组处理2、4 h和处理后24 h时细胞凋亡率升高(P<0.05),CD44和CD54表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 异氟醚和七氟醚均可诱导人肺癌A549细胞凋亡,其中七氟醚作用较强.异氟醚和七氟醚均可抑制人肺癌A549细胞CD44和CD54的表达.     

异丙酚对布比卡因致PC12细胞毒性时细胞Ca2+浓度和一氧化氮合酶活性的影响

目的 评价异丙酚对布比卡因致PC12细胞毒性时细胞Ca2+浓度和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的影响.方法 PC12细胞悬液(105/ml)随机分成4组:对照组(C组)、异丙酚组(P组)、布比卡因组(B组)和异丙酚+布比卡因组(PB组),每组PC12细胞分别接种于36孔板(每孔1 ml,每组9孔)、激光共聚焦显微镜专用培养皿(每皿1 ml,每组6皿)和24孔板(每孔 1 ml,每组6孔).C组加入D-Hank液500 μl;P组加入异丙酚至终浓度为2 mmol/L;B组加入布比卡因至终浓度为0.09 mmol/L;PB组同时加入异丙酚和布比卡因,终浓度分别为2 mmol/L和0.09 mmol/L.于36孔板中孵育24 h后测定PC12细胞凋亡率;于激光共聚焦显微镜专用培养皿中孵育6、24 h时,测定PC12细胞游离Ca2+浓度;于24孔板中孵育6、24 h时测定细胞NOS活性.结果 与C组相比,B组和PB组PC12细胞游离Ca2+浓度、NOS活性和凋亡率均升高(P<0.01),P组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与B组相比,PB组PC12细胞游离Ca2+浓度、NOS活性和凋亡率均降低(P<0.05).结论 在细胞水平,异祆丙酚可能通过抑制NOS活性和钙超载,减轻布比卡因诱导的神经毒性.     

氯胺酮对谷氨酸引起神经元样嗜铬细胞瘤细胞株凋亡的影响

目的 观察氯胺酮对谷氨酸引起神经元样嗜铬细胞瘤(PC12)细胞株凋亡的影响。方法PC12细胞株分别以2×103/孔和1×105/ml密度接种于96孔细胞培养板和60 mm细胞培养皿中,置于培养基,培养基中加10 nmol/L神经生长因子(7S-NGF),96孔细胞培养板和60 mm细胞培养皿的细胞均随机分为五组,A组暴露于20 mmol/L谷氨酸中,B组暴露于20 mmol/L谷氨酸 0.1 mmol/L氯胺酮(氯胺酮比谷氨酸提前1 min 加入)中,C组暴露于20 mmol/L 谷氨酸 1.0 mmol/L氯胺酮中,D组暴露于20 mmol/L 谷氨酸 100 μmol/L D-2-氨基-5-膦酸基戊酸(D-AP5)(细胞与D-AP5提前孵育2h)中,E组暴露于等容积的不含7S-NGF的新鲜培养液中,采用MTT法测定细胞培养板中PC细胞的细胞活力,采用死端比色TUNEL系统细胞检测培养皿中PC12细胞株的凋亡率。结果 A组、B组、C组和D组细胞活力分别为:37％±6％、65％±7％、99％±10％、90％±22％,与A组比较,B组、C组、D组细胞活力均升高(P<0.05或0.01)。A组、C组、D组、E组凋亡细胞率分别为66％±10％、20％±6％、22±7％、3.2％±1.8％,与A组比较,C组、D组、E组细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.01)。结论 氯胺酮通过抑制谷氨酸引起的神经元样PC12细胞株凋亡而发挥神经保护作用。     

地氟醚、七氟醚和异氟醚预处理对缺氧-复氧心肌细胞内游离Ca2+的影响

目的 观察地氟醚，七氟醚和异氟醚预处理对缺氧-复氧心肌细胞内Ca^2 的影响。方法 将原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞随机分为对照，缺氧-复氧及1.5MAC地氧醚，七氟醚和异氟醚预处理后缺氧-复氧五组，用Fra-2标记细胞内Ca^2 ，荧光光度计进行测定。结果 与对照组比，复氧20分钟时，其余四组细胞内Ca^2 均显著升高；而地氟醚，七氟醚和异氟醚预处理组的升高幅度明显低于缺氧-复氧组；三个吸入麻醉药组间无差异，复氧60分钟，缺氧-复氧组虽有明显下降，但仍显著高于对照组，地氟醚，七氟醚烽异氟醚预处理组则降至对照组水平。结论 地氟醚，七氟醚和异氟醚预处理，可明显减轻缺氧-复氧心肌引起的细胞内游离Ca^2 升高。     

JNK信号通路在异氟醚预处理和七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠海马脑片缺氧无糖损伤中的作用

目的 评价c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路在异氟醚预处理和七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠海马脑片缺氧无糖(OGD)损伤中的作用.方法雄性成年SD大鼠,体重270～290 g,断头处死,剥离海马,制备海马脑片.取大鼠海马脑片96张,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为8组(n=12):对照组(C组)、OGD组、异氟醚预处理组(Iso组)、七氟醚预处理组(Sevo组)、SP600125+异氟醚预处理组(SP+Iso组)、SP600125+七氟醚预处理组(SP+Sevo组)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)+异氟醚预处理组(DMSO+Iso组)和DMSO+七氟醚预处理组(DMSO+Sevo组).采用电生理技术,细胞外记录CA1区群锋电位(PS)波幅,计算PS恢复程度.采用碘化丙啶染色法,测定细胞活力.结果 与C组比较,其余各组PS恢复程度和细胞活力降低(P＜0.01);与OGD组比较,Iso组、Sevo组、SP+Iso.组、SP+Sevo组、DMSO+Iso组和DMSO+Sevo组PS恢复程度和细胞活力升高(P＜0.01);与180组比较,SP+Iso组PS恢复程度和细胞活力升高(P＜0.01),DMSO+Iso组PS恢复程度和细胞活力差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与Sevo组比较,SP+Sevo组PS恢复程度和细胞活力升高(P＜0.01),DMSO+Sevo组PS恢复程度和细胞活力差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 异氟醚预处理和七氟醚预处理可通过抑制JNK信号通路,减轻大鼠海马脑片缺氧无糖损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning and sevoflurane preconditioning against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in rat hippocampal slices. Methods Male adult SD rats weighing 270-290 g were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The hippocampi were removed and sagittally sliced (400 μm thick) and placed in artificial cerebral spinal fluid aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 . Ninety-six hippocampal slices were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 12 each): control group (group C), OGD group, isoflurane preconditioning group (group Iso),sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Sevo) , SP600125 + isoflurane preconditioning group (group SP + Iso),SP600125 +sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP + Sevo), DMSO + isoflurane preconditioning group (group DMSO + Iso) and DMSO + sevoflurane preconditioning group (group DMSO + Sevo). Electrophysiological technique was used to record the amplitude of population spike ( PS) in the stratum pyramidale of CA1 region and the degree of recovery of PS was calculated. The cell viability was determined by propidium iodide staining. Results Compared with group C, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly decreased in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with group OGD, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in groups Iso, Sevo, SP+Iso, SP+Sevo, DMSO+ Iso and DMSO + Sevo (P＜ 0.01). Compared with group Iso, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in group SP+Iso ( P ＜ 0.01) , while no significant change was found in group DMSO + Iso ( P ＞ 0.05) . Compared with group Sevo, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in group SP + Sevo ( P ＜ 0.01) , while no significant change was found in group DMSO + Sevo ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Isoflurane preconditioning and sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate the OGD injury to rat hippocampal slices through inhibiting JNK signaling pathway.     

氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑对谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑对谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞凋亡的影响.方法 诱导分化4 d的神经元样PC12细胞随机分为5组:对照组(c组);谷氨酸组(Glu组)加入20 mmol/L谷氨酸;氯胺酮组(K组)、咪达唑仑组(M组)、氯胺酮+咪达唑仑组(K+M组)均加入20 mmol/L谷氨酸后,分别加入50 μmol/L氯胺酮、1μmol/L咪达唑仑、50 μmol/L氯胺酮+1 μmol/L咪达唑仑.各组细胞继续培养24 h后采用MTT法检测细胞活力,Hoechst33258核染色法及Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞.结果 与C组比较,Glu组细胞活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高(P<0.01);与Glu组比较,K组和M组细胞活力升高,细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05);与K组和M组比较,K+M组细胞活力升高,细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05);K组和M组细胞活力及细胞凋亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑可更有效地抑制谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞凋亡.     

乳化异氟烷预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价8%乳化异氟烷预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性成年SD大鼠56只,体重250～280 g,随机分为4组(n=14),假手术组(S组)仅分离血管,不留置线栓;脑缺血再灌注组(IR组)、乳化异氟烷预处理组(EIP组)和脂肪乳剂组预处理(FIP组)分别腹腔注射生理盐水、8%乳化异氟烷或30%脂肪乳剂7.5 ml/kg,24 h后制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.于再灌注24 h各组取8只大鼠,进行神经功能缺陷评分,然后处死大鼠,取脑组织,测定脑梗死体积;各组处死6只大鼠,取脑组织,检测细胞凋亡情况,计算细胞凋亡率,并测定Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3和Cyt C的蛋白表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组、EIP组和FIP组神经功能缺陷评分和细胞凋亡率升高,脑组织Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3和Cyt C的蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与IR组和FIP组比较,EIP组神经功能缺陷评分和细胞凋亡率降低,脑梗死体积减小,脑组织Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,Bax、caspase-3和Cyt C 的蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05);IR组和FIP组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 8%乳化异氟烷预处理可减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能与上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达,减少线粒体释放Cyt C,降低caspase-3活化,抑制神经元凋亡有关.     

不同浓度七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡的影响及线粒体ATP敏感型钾通道在其中的作用

目的 探讨不同浓度七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡的影响及线粒体ATP敏感型钾通道(mito-KATP通道)在其中的作用.方法 新生(出生＜24 h)SD大鼠,雌雄不拘,体重5～6 g,原代培养海马神经元,接种于培养孔或培养皿中,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为7组,每组48孔和12皿,正常对照组(C组):不予任何处理;缺氧复氧组(HR组):缺氧4 h复氧24 h;6%七氟醚预处理组(S1 组)、4%七氟醚预处理组(S2 组)、2%七氟醚预处理组(S3 组):分别经6%、4%、2%七氟醚预处理后行缺氧复氧;5-羟葵酸100 μmol/L预处理组(5-HD组):经mito-KATP通道阻断剂5-羟葵酸(终浓度100 μmol/L)预处理后进行缺氧复氧;5-羟葵酸100 μmol/L+6%七氟醚预处理组(5-HD+S组):同时行5-羟葵酸和6%七氟醚预处理后进行缺氧复氧.各组以上处理结束后,测定神经元活力、凋亡率、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,其余6组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与HR组比较,S1组～S3组海马神经元活力增强,细胞凋亡率降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,Bax蛋白表达下调(P＜0.01),5-HD组和5-HD+S组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与S1组比较,S2组、S3组和5-HD+S组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与S2组比较,S3组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚预处理可抑制大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡,从而减轻神经元损伤,且呈浓度依赖性,机制可能与开放神经元mito-KATP通道,上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with different concentrations of sevoflurane on hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R)-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and the role of mitochondrial KATP(mito-KATP)channels.Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons isolated from newborn SD rats(＜24h)of both sexes,weighing 5-6 g,were randomly divided into 7 groups with 48 wells and 12 dishes in each one:control group(C group),H/R group,preconditioning with 6%,4%and 2% sevoflurane groups(S1-3 groups),5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD,mito-KATP channel blocker)100 μmol/L preconditioning group(5-HD group)and preconditioning with 5-HD 100 μmol/L+6% sevoflurane group(5-HD+S group).The neurons were exposed to 4 h hypoxia followed by 24 h reoxygenation. In S1-3 groups, preconditioning was performed with 6% , 4% and 2% sevoflurane respectively before H/R. In 5-HD group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD (final concentration 100 μmol/L) before H/R. In 5-HD + S group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD 100 μmol/L and 6% sevoflurane before H/R. The neuronal viability, apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined after 24 h reoxygenation.Results The neuronal viability was significantly lower,while the apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly higher in the other 6 groups than in group C(P＜0.01).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly higher,while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were lower in S1-3 groups than in group H/R. There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between 5-HD and 5-HD + S groups(P＞0.05).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly lower, while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were higher in S2, S3 and 5-HD + S groups than in group S1, and in group S3 than in group S2(P＜0.0l) .Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can inhibit H/R-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and reduce the injury to neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, and the underlying mechanism may be related to activation of mito-KATP channels, up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax expression.     

钙预处理对未成熟心肌的保护作用

目的 观察钙预处理对未成熟心肌的影响.方法 采用Langendorff离体灌注模型,分为3组,缺血再灌组(I/R):离体心脏灌注10 win、工作心15 min后停灌45 min恢复灌注15 min,转为工作心模型30 min;心脏缺血预处理组(IPC):离体灌注10 min转为工作心15 min,反复2次缺血5min/再灌5min,停灌45min后恢复灌注15min,转为工作心模型30min;钙预处理组(CP):离体心脏灌注10 min、工作心15 min后,反复3次45 s无钙KH液灌流/5 min KH液灌流,停灌45 min后恢复灌注15 min,转为工作心模型30 min.以血流动力学指标、生化指标和心肌超微结构作为观察指标.结果 IPC与CP组比较,血流动力学指标、生化指标和心肌超微结构等方面均无明显差异;CP、IPC与I/R组比较,左心室功能恢复、三磷酸腺苷含量(ATP)(11.53±1.85、13.40±1.96比4.27±0.83,P＜0.01)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(230.47±11.72、236.28±12.69比124.17±6.20,P＜0.01)、心肌线粒体Ca2+ATP酶活性(17.86±1.39、16.38±1.27比6.78 ±0.64,P＜0.01)和心肌线粒体合成ATP的能力(104.29±9.60、102.43±9.53比50.83±4.75,P＜0.01)明显增强,在心肌含水量(75.32±1.25、73.29±1.26比84.23±2.03,P＜0.01)、丙二醛含量(1.32±0.12、1.23±0.11比2.61±0.37,P＜0.01)、肌酸激酶(53.17±5.32、57.47±5.62比123.65±9.63,P＜0.01)和乳酸脱氢酶漏出率(32.16±3.23、34.48±3.43比85.43±5.93,P＜0.01)、心肌细胞内(2.54 ±0.32、2.17±0.22比4.48±0.74,P＜0.01)和心肌线粒体Ca2+含量(35.91±4.01、36.85±3.97比68.29±6.90,P＜0.01)明显减少;CP、IPC组心肌超微结构损伤较I/R组明显减轻.结论 钙预处理对未成熟心肌具有明显保护作用

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Ca2+ preconditioning on isolated immature myocardium.Methods Isolated working rabbit heart model was used,and 18 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) group receiving 45 min ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion;myocardial ischemic preconditioning (IPC) group receiving 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion 2 times before 45 min ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion;Ca2 + preconditioning (CP)group receiving no-Ca2 + preconditioning before 45 min ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion.The hemodynamics,biochemistry and myocardial ultrastructure were tested.Results The hemodynamics,biochemistry and myocardial ultrastructure had no significant diferrence between CP group and IPC group.As compared with I/R group,in CP and IPC groups,the left ventricular function recovery,adenosine triphosphate content (ATP) (11.53 ± 1.85,13.40 ± 1.96 vs 4.27 ±0.83,P＜0.01),superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity (230.47± 11.72,236.28 ± 12.69 vs 124.17 ±6.20,P＜0.01),Ca2+-ATPase activity of mitothondia ( 104.29 ± 9.60,102.43 ± 9.53 vs 50.83 ± 4.75,P＜0.01 ) and synthesized ATP activity of mitochondria ( 104.29 ±9.60,102.43 ±9.53 vs 50.83 ±4.75 ,P ＜0.01 ) were improved,and myocardial water content ( 75.32 ± 1.25,73.29 ± 1.26 vs 84.23 ± 2.03 ,P＜0.01 ),malondialdehyde content ( 1.32 ± 0.12,1.23 ± 0.11 vs 2.61 ± 0.37 ,P＜0.01 ),the dehydrogenase (32.16 ± 3.23,34.48 ± 3.43 vs 85.43 ± 5.93,P ＜0.01 ) and creatine kinase leakage (53.17 ±5.32,57.47±5.62 vs 123.65 ±9.63 ,P ＜0.01 ),myocardial cell Ca2+ content (2.54 ±0.32,2.17 ±0.22 vs 4.48 ±0.74 ,P ＜0.01 ) and mitochondrial Ca2+ content(35.91 ±4.01,36.85 ±3.97 vs 68.29 ±6.90,P ＜0.01 ) were reduced.The ultra.structure injury was milder in CP group and ICP group than in I/R group.Conclusion CP has signifcantly protective effects on immature myocardium.     

Isoflurane Preconditions Myocardium against Infarction via Release of Free Radicals

Background: Isoflurane exerts cardioprotective effects that mimic the ischemic preconditioning phenomenon. Generation of free radicals is implicated in ischemic preconditioning. The authors investigated whether isoflurane-induced preconditioning may involve release of free radicals.

Methods: Sixty-one [alpha]-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits were instrumented for measurement of left ventricular (LV) pressure (tip-manometer), cardiac output (ultrasonic flowprobe), and myocardial infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium staining). All rabbits were subjected to 30 min of occlusion of a major coronary artery and 2 h of subsequent reperfusion. Rabbits of all six groups underwent a treatment period consisting of either no intervention for 35 min (control group, n = 11) or 15 min of isoflurane inhalation (1 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal concentration) followed by a 10-min washout period (isoflurane group, n = 12). Four additional groups received the radical scavenger N-(2-mercaptoproprionyl)glycine (MPG; 1 mg [middle dot] kg-1 [middle dot] min-1) or Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrine chloride (MnTBAP; 100 [mu]g [middle dot] kg-1 [middle dot] min-1) during the treatment period with (isoflurane + MPG; n = 11; isoflurane + MnTBAP, n = 9) or without isoflurane inhalation (MPG, n = 11; MnTBAP, n = 7).

Results: Hemodynamic baseline values were not significantly different between groups (LV pressure, 97 +/- 17 mmHg [mean +/- SD]; cardiac output, 228 +/- 61 ml/min). During coronary artery occlusion, LV pressure was reduced to 91 +/- 17% of baseline and cardiac output to 94 +/- 21%. After 2 h of reperfusion, recovery of LV pressure and cardiac output was not significantly different between groups (LV pressure, 83 +/- 20%; cardiac output, 86 +/- 23% of baseline). Infarct size was reduced from 49 +/- 17% of the area at risk in controls to 29 +/- 19% in the isoflurane group (P = 0.04). MPG and MnTBAP themselves had no effect on infarct size (MPG, 50 +/- 14%; MnTBAP, 56 +/- 15%), but both abolished the preconditioning effect of isoflurane (isoflurane + MPG, 50 +/- 24%, P = 0.02; isoflurane + MnTBAP, 55 +/- 10%, P = 0.001).     

乳化异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时海马CA1区神经元凋亡的影响

目的 评价乳化异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时海马CA1区神经元凋亡的影响.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠48只,体重250～300 g,月龄4～6月,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为6组(n=8),假手术组(S组)腹腔注射生理盐水10.5 ml/kg,24 h后只分离血管,不置入线栓;缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和乳化异氟醚预处理组(EI组)分别腹腔注射生理盐水或8%乳化异氟醚10.5 ml/kg(120 mg/ml);LY294002+乳化异氟醚预处理组(L+EI组)缺血侧侧脑室注射LY294002(磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶特异性抑制剂)25 mmol/L 5 μl,30 min后腹腔注射8%乳化异氟醚10.5 ml/kg;LY294002组(L组)和DMSO(LY294002溶剂)组缺血侧侧脑室注射LY294002 25 mmol/L(5 μl)或DMSO 5 μl.于给 药后24 h采用大脑中动脉缺血2 h恢复再灌注的方法制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.于再灌注24 h时行神经功能缺陷评分,检测海马CA1区神经元凋亡情况和磷酸化丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(p-Akt)表达,观察海马CA1区病理学改变.结果 与S组比较,其余各组神经功能缺陷评分、凋亡细胞计数升高.p-Akt表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,EI组神经功能缺陷评分、凋亡细胞计数降低,p-Akt表达上调(P＜0.05),L+EI组、L组、DMSO组上述各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与EI组比较,L+EI组神经功能缺陷评分、凋亡细胞计数升高,p-Akt表达下调(P＜0.05).EI组病理学损伤程度明显轻于I/R组,L+EI组、L组、DMSO组与I/R组相似.结论 乳化异氟醚预处理可减少大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时海马CA1区神经元凋亡,其神经元保护作用与PI3K/Akt通路激活有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with emulsified isoflurane (eISO) on neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region induced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8 each): sham operation group (group S); I/R group; eISO + I/R group (group EI); LY294002 (a specific PI3K inhibitor) + eISO + I/R group (group L+ EI); LY294002 + I/R group (group L) and DMSO (solvent for LY294002) + I/R group (group DMSO). Focal cerebral I/R was induced by 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO). A nylon thread (0.26 mm in diameter) with rounded tip was inserted into internal carotid artery and advanced cranially until resistance was met (depth of insertion about 18-20 mm) . eISO 10.5 ml/kg (120 mg/ml) was injected intraperitoneally (IP) in groups EI and L+ EI. LY294002 (25 mmol/L) 5 pi was injected into cerebral ventricle on the ischemic side in group L + EI ( at 30 min before eISO) and group L. DMSO 5 μl was injected into the cerebral ventricle on ischemic side before MCAO in group DMSO. Neurologic deficit was assessed and scored (0 = normal, 4 = unconscious) at 24 h of reperfusion. The animals were then killed and their brains were removed for detection of neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL) and p-Akt expression (by immuno-histochemistry) in hippocampal CA1 region. Results Cerebral I/R significantly increased the neurologic deficit scores, the number of apoptotic cells and p-Akt expression in group I/R as compared with group S. Preconditioning with elSO attenuated the I/R-induced increase in neurologic deficit scores and number of apoptotic cells but further increased p-Akt expression. The neuroprotective effect of eISO preconditioning against I/R-induced changes was counteracted by LY294002. Conclusion eISO preconditioning can attenuate focal cerebral I/R-induced neuronal apoptosis in rats by activating PI3K/Akt pathway.     

不同剂量乳化异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量乳化异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠96只,体重250～300 g,采用大脑中动脉线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.大鼠随机分为6组(n=16),假手术组(S组)腹腔注射生理盐水(NS)10.5 ml/kg,24 h后只分离血管;缺血再灌注组(I/R组)腹腔注射NS 10.5 ml/kg,24 h后制备模型;低剂量乳化异氟醚预处理组(L组)、中剂量乳化异氟醚预处理组(M组)、高剂量乳化异氟醚预处理组(H组)和脂肪乳剂组(IL组)分别腹腔注射8%乳化异氟醚3.5 ml/kg+NS 7.0 ml/kg、8%乳化异氟醚7.0 ml/kg+NS 3.5 ml/kg、8%乳化异氟醚10.5 ml/kg和30%脂肪乳10.5 ml/kg,24 h后制备模型.于缺血前10 min和再灌注10 min时记录体温、心率和呼吸频率.再灌注24 h时行神经功能缺陷评分,然后取脑组织,测定脑梗死体积,行凋亡细胞计数,并观察脑组织病理学结果.结果 大鼠脑缺血再灌注时体温升高,心率加快,呼吸频率减慢.与S组比较,其余各组神经功能缺陷评分、脑梗死体积和凋亡细胞计数均升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,L组、M组和H组神经功能缺陷评分、脑梗死体积和凋亡细胞计数均降低(P＜0.05),IL组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);L组、M组和H组神经功能缺陷评分、脑梗死体积和凋亡细胞计数依次降低(P＜0.05).结论乳化异氟醚可减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤,且呈剂量依赖性.