黄蒲通窍胶囊对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠Wnt/Ca2+信号通路的影响

目的 观察黄蒲通窍胶囊对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）模型大鼠学习记忆的影响,探究其潜在作用机制。方法 将30只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、黄蒲通窍胶囊组,每组10只,腹腔注射D-半乳糖联合双侧海马注射Aβ25-35复制AD大鼠模型;给药28 d,采用Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠的学习记忆能力,检测后取材,采用苏木精-伊红染色观察海马神经细胞损伤情况,采用Western blot法检测海马组织中Wnt5、Frizzled、PLCβ蛋白表达水平,采用ELISA法检测血清三磷酸肌醇（inositol triphosphate,IP3）表达水平。结果 Morris水迷宫实验结果显示：训练期,各组大鼠的逃避潜伏期随时间的增加呈下降趋势;测试期,与空白组比较,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长,目标象限路程与时间百分比明显减少（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,黄蒲通窍胶囊组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短,目标象限路程百分比和时间百分比明显增加（P＜0.05）。苏木精-伊红染色结果显示：与空白组比较,模型组大鼠海马神经细胞萎缩破裂、层数减少、排列松散;与模型组比较,黄蒲通窍胶囊组大鼠海马神经细胞损伤减轻。Western blot法检测结果显示：与空白组比较,模型大鼠Wnt5、Frizzled、PLCβ表达水平均明显升高（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,黄蒲通窍胶囊组大鼠Wnt5、Frizzled、PLCβ表达水平均明显降低（P＜0.05）。ELISA法检测结果显示：与空白组比较,模型组大鼠IP3表达水平明显升高（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,黄蒲通窍胶囊组IP3表达水平明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论 黄蒲通窍胶囊可减少AD模型大鼠海马神经细胞的损伤,改善其学习记忆的能力,其机制可能与抑制Wnt/Ca2+信号通路有关。     

心脑宁胶囊对血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能及海马区Aβ和Tau蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察心脑宁胶囊对血管性痴呆（VD）大鼠认知功能及海马区β淀粉样蛋白（β-amyloid peptide, Aβ）和Tau蛋白表达情况的影响,探讨心脑宁胶囊的脑保护作用。方法采用双侧颈总动脉永久结扎法制备VD动物模型,设立假手术组、模型组、心脑宁胶囊治疗组（心脑宁组）。以Morris水迷宫试验检测大鼠的逃避潜伏期以评价认知功能,采用免疫组化法测定大鼠海马区Aβ和Tau蛋白的表达。结果术后各时间点模型组与假手术组相比,大鼠的逃避潜伏期延长（P<0.01）,Aβ和Tau蛋白表达明显增加（P<0.01）;心脑宁组与模型组相比大鼠的逃避潜伏期明显缩短（P<0.05）,Aβ和Tau蛋白表达减少（P<0.01）。结论 VD大鼠海马区Aβ和Tau蛋白表达增加,给予心脑宁胶囊治疗后,海马区Aβ和Tau蛋白的表达减少,在一定程度上改善了VD大鼠的认知功能障碍。     

黄芪颗粒对老年痴呆性大鼠海马组织细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨黄芪颗粒对老年痴呆性大鼠海马组织细胞凋亡的影响。方法：选取健康的雄性SD 大鼠48只,随机分为4 组：对照组、模型组、黄芪颗粒组及吡拉西坦组,每组12 只。其中老年痴呆大鼠模型通过将β- 淀粉样蛋白1-40（β-amyloid protein 1-40,Aβ1-40）注射入大鼠脑室部建立。向黄芪颗粒组及吡拉西坦组分别灌胃给予溶于生理盐水的黄芪颗粒和吡拉西坦片,对照组与模型组均只给予等量生理盐水。经过30 天的治疗时间,通过Morris 水迷宫法测定每组SD 大鼠的穿台次数和逃避潜伏期来判断学习与记忆能力,通过Western Blot 实验测定各组大鼠海马组织细胞中抑凋亡蛋白B 淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2）及促凋亡蛋白Bcl-2相关X 蛋白（Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax）和Caspase-3 含量水平,通过流式细胞术检测大鼠海马组织细胞凋亡情况。结果：与模型组大鼠相比,给予黄芪颗粒和吡拉西坦会使大鼠的穿台次数增加且逃避潜伏期缩短,结果具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。黄芪颗粒组及吡拉西坦组大鼠海马组织细胞中抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2 水平明显上升,促凋亡蛋白Bax 和Caspase-3 水平显著下降。流式细胞术结果显示黄芪颗粒组细胞凋亡水平较模型组明显降低。结论：黄芪颗粒可以通过升高老年痴呆性大鼠海马组织细胞中Bcl-2 蛋白水平和降低Bax 和Caspase-3 蛋白水平,阻碍神经细胞凋亡进程,从而提高其学习与记忆能力。     

含抵当汤脑脊液对海马神经元阿尔茨海默病细胞模型Bcl-2、Bax基因表达的影响

目的 研究含抵当汤脑脊液对离体海马神经元阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer＇s Disease,AD）模型Bcl-2、Bax基因表达的影响.方法 选用体外培养成熟的大鼠海马神经细胞,经Aβ25～ 35老化处理为AD细胞模型,用含不同浓度抵当汤的脑脊液进行干预后,提取总RNA.应用RT-PCR和琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法测定Bcl-2、Bax mRNA的表达.结果 含抵当汤脑脊液能上调Bcl-2 mRNA、下调Bax mRNA表达水平,以含中剂量抵当汤脑脊液组（1g·mL-1）效果优于高剂量组（2g·mL-1）、低剂量组（0.5·mL-1）和维生素E组.结论 含抵当汤脑脊液对经Aβ25 ～35老化处理的海马神经元AD细胞模型Bcl-2、Bax的mRNA表达有影响.     

丹参多酚酸盐B对糖尿病大鼠认知功能及凋亡通路的影响

目的观察丹参多酚酸盐B对糖尿病大鼠认知功能的影响,并探讨其具体机制。方法采用随机数字表法将SD大鼠分为对照组、糖尿病组和治疗组3组,每组10只。采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素6.7ml/kg的方法制作糖尿病大鼠模型。造模成功后,治疗组大鼠给予丹参多酚酸盐B6.7ml/kg腹腔注射治疗,对照组和糖尿病组大鼠给予0.9%氯化钠注射液6.7ml/kg腹腔注射治疗,3组均为1次/d,连续6周。治疗前后分别测量3组大鼠血糖水平;治疗结束后采用Morris水迷宫检测3组大鼠空间学习和记忆功能;采用Westernblot检测3组大鼠海马组织凋亡相关蛋白B细胞淋巴瘤因子2（Bcl-2）和Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）的表达情况。结果治疗后,与对照组比较,糖尿病组和治疗组大鼠血糖水平均升高,逃避潜伏期均延长,跨台次数均减少,Bax表达水平均升高,Bcl-2表达水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;与糖尿病组比较,治疗组大鼠血糖水平降低,逃避潜伏期缩短,跨台次数增多,Bax的表达水平降低,Bcl-2表达水平升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论丹参多酚酸盐B治疗可明显改善糖尿病大鼠认知功能,其作用机制可能与提高Bax的表达并降低Bcl-2的表达,从而抑制凋亡通路密切相关。     

小脑顶核电刺激对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马bcl-2、Bax表达影响

目的：研究淀粉样β蛋白（Aβ1-40）对大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马区Bax和bcl-2的表达的影响及小脑顶核电刺激（Fastigial nucleus stimulation,FNS）的干预作用。方法：将Aβ1-40微量注射至大鼠右侧海马,制作大鼠AD动物模型。分别予电刺激小脑顶核、齿状核。28d后进行水迷宫试验,观察各组大鼠空间学习记忆功能改变。免疫组化法检测各组海马CA1区bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果：阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）组与假手术组（SC）比较,每天隐匿平台逃避潜伏期均明显增长（P〈0．05）,海马bcl-2阳性细胞光密度明显减少（P〈0．05）,Bax阳性细胞光密度明显增高（P〈0．05）;小脑顶核电刺激（FNS）组与AD组比较,空间学习记忆能力明显改善（P〈0．05）,海马bcl-2阳性细胞光密度明显增高（P〈0．05）,Bax阳性细胞光密度明显减少（P〈0．05）,齿状核刺激（DNS）组无此作用。结论：FNS可部分改善Aβ1-40诱导的AD模型大鼠空间学习记忆障碍,可能是通过促进bcl-2表达和降低Bax表达抑制海马神经细胞凋亡。     

牛磺酸对大鼠脑损伤后认知功能及海马凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

目的观察牛磺酸(Tau)对弥漫性颅脑损伤大鼠学习记忆和海马Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响,探讨其神经保护作用机制。方法Marmarou方法建立大鼠弥漫性颅脑损伤模型,Y型迷宫检测大鼠认知功能,免疫组织化学方法检测脑组织海马区Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的变化。结果低、中、高剂量Tau组的记忆成绩均明显高于损伤组(P<0.01)。中、高剂量Tau组海马区Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显多于损伤组(P<0.01);Bax蛋白表达均明显少于损伤组(P<0.01);Bcl-2/Bax表达比均明显高于损伤组(P<0.01)。结论促进海马上调Bcl-2蛋白表达、下调Bax蛋白表达、调节Bcl-2/Bax比、抑制神经细胞凋亡可能是Tau对抗损伤保护脑的一种途径。     

电针对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠学习记忆及Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响简

目的 观察电针对阿尔茨海默病（AD）大鼠细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax的影响,探讨针灸治疗AD的作用机理.方法 将大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、电针组,双侧海马注入Aβ25-35建立AD大鼠模型,造模成功后,电针组选取双侧“肾俞”、“内关”、“大椎”,接韩式疼痛治疗仪治疗,Morns水迷宫检测各组大鼠学习记忆能力的变化;免疫组化法检测大鼠海马区Bcl-2、Bax的平均光密度表达.结果 通过2个疗程的治疗,电针组和模型组大鼠海马区Bcl-2的表达明显低于正常组和假手术组（P＜0.05）,且电针组明显高于模型组（P＜0.05）;电针组和模型组大鼠海马区Bax表达高于正常组和假手术组（P＜0.05）,且电针组明显低于模型组（P＜0.05）.结论 电针可以改善AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能与调节细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax有关.     

淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ抗鹅膏蕈氨酸诱导的大鼠学习记忆减退及机制研究

目的：探讨淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ（icariside II,ICS II）对双侧海马内注射鹅膏蕈氨酸（ibotenic acid, IBO）诱导的类AD 大鼠模型的治疗作用及机制。方法：SPF 级雄性Sprague Dawley （SD）大鼠93只,体重220~250 g,通过简单随机法将大鼠分为7 个组：①假手术组;②假手术- 高剂量ICS Ⅱ组;③IBO 组;④低剂量ICS Ⅱ组;⑤中剂量ICS Ⅱ组;⑥高剂量ICS Ⅱ组;⑦阳性药（多奈哌齐）组。③ ~ ⑦组每只大鼠脑立体定位海马（前卤后1.0 mm,左右旁开2.6 mm,深度3.8 mm）,双侧海马各注射4 μg·μL-1 IBO,①、②组同样注射相应体积的生理盐水。制模后第1 天开始,采用灌胃方式给药,每日1 次,连续11 天,至12 天时开始进行水迷宫行为学测试,连续5 天。水迷宫测试结束后,注射7% 水合氯醛麻醉大鼠,断头取脑后固定包埋,制备石蜡切片后行苏木素- 伊红染色、尼氏染色以及末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP 缺口末端标记测定法染色分别观察神经细胞形态、神经细胞存活数量以及神经细胞凋亡情况。采用Western blot 检测海马组织中Bax、Bcl-2、activecaspase-3 的蛋白含量。结果：IBO 组较Sham 组大鼠的平均逃避潜伏期明显延长,海马神经细胞发生变性,海马神经细胞结构损伤严重,海马神经细胞中尼氏小体数量明显减少,海马神经细胞凋亡数量增多;Bax、active-caspase-3 蛋白含量升高;Bcl-2 的蛋白含量显著降低。ICS Ⅱ和多奈哌齐组较IBO 组的大鼠平均逃避潜伏期明显缩短,海马神经细胞损伤有改善,同时,海马区的尼氏小体数量增加,细胞凋亡明显减少。ICS Ⅱ和多奈哌齐明显下调Bax/Bcl-2 比值及active-caspase-3水平。结论：在本实验条件下：①ICS Ⅱ可以改善双侧海马注射IBO 诱导的类AD 大鼠学习记忆功能减退,提示其具有抗兴奋性氨基酸毒性的作用;②ICS Ⅱ可提高神经细胞的存活、阻遏神经细胞变性。     

贯叶连翘衍生物GF1029对Aβ1-42诱导原代大鼠皮层细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的探讨贯叶连翘衍生物GF1029对经Aβ1-42诱导的大鼠原代培养皮层细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法采用老化的Aβ1-42处理大鼠原代培养皮层细胞12 h,用电镜观察细胞的形态变化,MTT法观察细胞活力变化,用荧光实时定量RT-PCR、Western-blot检测细胞中Bcl-2,Bax mRNA和蛋白的水平及GF1029预处理后这些指标的变化。结果老化的Aβ1-42处理可诱导大鼠皮层神经元凋亡,使神经细胞活力下降,降低Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达,增加Bax mRNA及蛋白表达;而经40、80μmol/L的GF1029预处理2 h后,神经细胞活力增加,Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达增加,Bax mRNA及蛋白表达减少。结论贯叶连翘衍生物GF1029对Aβ1-42诱导的大鼠原代皮层神经细胞凋亡有保护作用,其机制可能与Bcl-2表达增加、Bax表达下调有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.