西部地区劳教人员自评健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨我国西部地区劳教人员自评健康状况及其影响因素.方法 在广西、重庆和云南12个劳教所采取随机问卷方式调查1721名劳教人员,了解其自评健康状况,并应用Logistic回归模型分析劳教人员自评健康状况的影响因素.结果 1721名被调查劳教人员的自评健康状况一般,平均得分6.21±2.00分(总分10分).吸毒、体力活动、睡眠质量和家庭关系4个因素对劳教人员的自评健康状况有影响(P<0.01),且多个健康危险行为的聚集对自评健康状况有影响(P<0.01).结论 特定健康危险因素和劳教人员自评健康状况显著相关,且健康危险因素的聚集可降低劳教人员的自评健康状况.     

广州工厂职工健康自评和吸烟者戒烟意愿研究

目的 调查工厂职工的健康状况和戒烟意愿,为开展控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 采用横断面调查方法对668名广州不同工作类型工厂职工的吸烟行为、自评健康状况和戒烟意愿进行问卷调查,吸烟者尼古丁依赖性用fTND问卷进行调查,自评健康和戒烟难度与某些因素的关系用logistic回归模型分析.结果 (1)男性工人吸烟者348人,吸烟率为65.0%;女性工人吸烟者4人,吸烟率为3.0%.与朋友或其他吸烟者在一起、在家或休闲时以及饭后吸烟最常见,占男性经常吸烟者的90.6%.(2)男性经常吸烟和戒烟者自评健康状况比普通同龄人差者占10.7%,高于偶吸和从不吸烟者(5.1%),调整年龄和文化程度后,OR值为2.22(95%CI 1.08～4.59).(3)男性经常吸烟者想过戒烟的占50.5%,其中自评健康状况比同龄人差、差不多和好者分别占73.3%、50.0%和37.2%,差异有统计学意义(P=O.009).自评戒烟难度≤30分、31～60分和60分以上的分别占26.9%、24.9%和48.2%,自评戒烟难度(≤30分和＞30分)比数比随周围同事吸烟人数和尼古丁依赖性的增加而增大.结论 男性职工经常吸烟或戒烟者自评健康较偶吸或从不吸烟者差,自评健康较差者多数想过戒烟,戒烟难度主要与周围同事吸烟和尼古丁依赖有关.     

青海大学生日常生活行为及其对健康状况的影响

了解青海省在校大学生日常生活现状及其对健康状况的影响,为改善大学生健康状况提供参考.方法 采用自编大学生健康行为调查问卷,对青海省3所高校1 452名在校大学生进行匿名调查.结果 青海省在校大学生健康、亚健康、不健康比例分别占25.2%,69.7%,5.0%.青海省在校大学生健康危害行为按报告率排序依次为熬夜(84.6%)、每周上网超过5 h(65.3%)、饮酒(33.1%)、吸烟(12.4%),不同性别、年级、专业、学校、民族大学生健康行为报告率差异有统计学意义.单因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响大学生健康状况的因素有性别、BMI、吸烟、饮酒;多因素Lo-gistic回归分析显示,吸烟、饮酒是大学生健康状况的危险因素(P值均<0.01).结论 大学生不健康行为问题较为突出.应加强对大学生健康教育,提高大学生健康意识,养成健康行为习惯.     

某芯片制造企业员工抑郁状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析某芯片制造企业员工的抑郁状况及影响因素.方法 采用整群抽样方法,以某芯片制造企业的1608名员工为研究对象,采用病人健康问卷(PHQ-9)和心理资本问卷(PCQ-24)调查员工的抑郁状况和心理资本状况.结果 员工抑郁的检出率为19.6％(315/1608).Logistic回归分析结果显示,轮班、自评健康状况、工作满意度、生活满意度、工龄、月收入和心理资本水平是抑郁症状的影响因素(P＜0.01).轮班(OR=2.11,P＜0.01)、自评健康差(OR=3.28,P＜0.01)和工龄长(OR=1.76或1.79,P＜0.01)是员工出现抑郁的危险因素,工作满意(OR=0.38,P＜0.01)、生活满意(OR=0.48,P＜0.01)、月收入较高(OR=0.64,P＜0.01)和高心理资本水平(OR =0.31,P＜0.01)是抑郁的保护因素.结论 该芯片制造企业部分员工有抑郁倾向,建议企业关注轮班人员、自评健康差、生活满意度差、工作满意度差、工龄长和月收入低的员工的心理健康状况.     

多水平视角下探讨老年人自评健康的影响因素

目的 调查四川省简阳市老年人自评健康状况,分析其影响因素。方法 利用简阳市2015年居民家庭健康入户调查数据,选取60岁及以上老年人为研究对象,采用三水平（乡镇、家庭、个体）模型分析老年人自评健康状况。结果 6 525名老年人中,2 013人（30.9%）自评健康为好,3 389人（51.9%）自评健康一般,1 123人（17.2%）自评健康为差。多水平模型结果显示,老年人自评健康在乡镇和家庭水平上存在聚集性,个体水平的年龄、学历、婚姻状况、慢性病、两周患病、抑郁、吸烟、饮酒、主动获取保健知识、预防保健服务的利用,家庭水平的家庭关系、居住条件是影响老年人自评健康的因素。结论 影响自评健康的因素较多,应重点关注文化程度低、居住状况差、客观健康状况差、卫生保健意识差、社会支持差、存在抑郁心理的老年人。促进社区老年人的身心健康,需要综合考虑地区、家庭和个体三个层面的干预措施。     

我国15岁及以上居民自评健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的:分析我国15岁及以上居民自评健康状况及其影响因素。方法:采用第五次国家卫生服务调查居民调查资料(n=273 688),测量指标包括调查对象的社会人口学特征、健康相关行为、健康相关生命质量、两周患病、慢性病患病和过去一年内住院情况。剔除无效数据之后有效样本量为188 697,采用有序多分类logistic回归分析对15岁及以上居民自评健康的影响因素进行分析。结果:我国15岁及以上居民自评健康存在明显的社会人口学差异,女性、老年人、低收入、城市(相比于农村)和西部(相比于东中部)居民自评健康等级较差;自评健康状态能够较好地反映中国居民的客观健康状况;健康相关行为良好的居民自评健康状况较好。结论:加强对重点人群(如女性、老年人、低收入人群等)健康状况的关注;改善健康相关行为方式,减少可控的危险因素,诸如不吸烟、不过量饮酒、有规律的体育锻炼等是改善居民自评健康状况的重要手段。     

蚌埠市居民自评健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解蚌埠市居民自评健康状况及其影响因素,为提高蚌埠市居民健康水平提供理论依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取蚌埠市不低于18岁常住居民,用自行设计的问卷进行调查,采用多分类Logistic回归对影响居民自评健康的因素进行分析。结果 在接受调查的3 294名居民中,1 536人（46.6%）自评健康为好,1 333人（40.5%）自评健康为一般,425人（12.9%）自评健康为差。多因素分析显示,与自评健康有关的因素有性别、学历、月收入、慢病家族史、现患慢病状况、两周患病情况、医疗保健费用占年收入比、饮酒、体育锻炼、心理健康状况（均有P<0.05）。结论 应加强对重点人群（如男性、低学历、低收入人群等）健康状况的关注,通过健康教育、心理干预等措施改善居民自评健康状况。     

军人与地方城市男性自评健康及其影响因素的比较

目的比较军人与地方城市男性的健康状况及其影响因素,为军人健康保健提供参考。方法采用完全随机抽样的方法,在河南、湖北分别对某军队医院体系部队30～60岁男性干部289人进行问卷调查,并与中国健康与营养调查数据中的男性人群(228人)进行比较,采用Logit模型对自评健康与教育、吸烟、饮酒及居住安排等因素的相关性进行分析。结果军人自评健康状况好于城市居民;军人吸烟和饮酒百分率均低于城市居民;50岁以下的军人已婚并与配偶共同生活的百分率远远低于城市居民;军人受教育程度明显好于城市居民。回归结果显示,吸烟、饮酒、受教育程度对自评健康的影响在这2组人群中有较大差别。对城市居民而言,不管是偶尔饮酒还是经常饮酒者,其自评健康状况均好于不饮酒者,但差异无显著性(P>0.05);对军人而言,饮酒与自评健康状况呈负相关,经常饮酒者自评健康为好的概率只占不饮酒者的22.5%(P<0.01)。在城市居民中,吸烟与自评健康的相关性不具有统计学意义;在军人中,吸烟与自评健康则呈正相关关系,吸烟者自评健康为好的概率是不吸烟者的5.32倍(P<0.01)。城市居民的受教育程度与自评健康无显著相关;而军人的受教育程度与自评健康呈显著正相关,大学及以上学历的军人自评健康为好的概率是大学以下军人的2.51倍(P<0.05)。结论军人自评健康好于城市男性居民。对军人而言,饮酒与自评健康呈负相关关系,而吸烟和受教育程度与自评健康呈显著正相关。     

北京某中学学生健康危险行为与生活技能水平的关系

了解青少年健康危险行为现状及其与生活技能水平的关系,为制定相应的干预措施降低青少年健康危险行为的发生提供参考.方法 从北京市1所完全中学选取初一、初二、高一、高二年级,每个年级随机选取2个班级,以班级为单位进行整群抽样,共获得307份有效问卷.采用《校内青少年生活技能评价量表》(修订版)和《中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》对学生进行问卷调查.结果 中学生吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、自伤、自杀的发生率分别为2.3%,12.4%,4.2%,12.7%和1.6%.除自杀行为外,男生各种健康危险行为的发生率均高于女生,高中生高于初中生.其中男、女生吸烟检出率差异有统计学意义,不同学段中学生饮酒和网络成瘾检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).存在吸烟、网络成瘾或自伤行为的学生相比于没有该行为的学生,生活技能量表得分偏低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均相似文献   

北京市职业人群健康状况自评及其影响因素研究

目的 了解北京市职业人群的健康状况,探讨其健康状况的影响因素.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,在北京市选取了4个城区,每区选择1～2家单位,共选取6家单位,对单位内18 ～60岁职工进行调查.结果 本次研究共调查1898人.调查对象健康状况自评总分为75.86±11.82（生理分40.43 ±6.57,心理分25.58±4.40,社会适应得分9.94±1.78）.不同职业比较,公务员人群和科技人员的健康状况得分（分别为75.19±11.70和75.48±11.27）低于企业人员（78.36±12.49）;生活方式分析显示,饮酒、锻炼、睡眠与健康状况得分之间存在关联（P＜0.05）.多元线性回归分析结果显示,职业、年龄（t=-3.935,P＜0.01）、人均收入（t=3.233,P＜0.01）、睡眠（t=22.201,P＜0.01）和锻炼（t=14.240,P＜0.01）是健康状况良好与否的影响因素.结论 在职业人群中开展有针对性的健康教育和健康促进活动,提升其健康水平.     

重庆市农村留守老人自评健康状况及影响因素分析

目的 探索重庆市农村留守老人的自评健康状况及影响因素,为有关部门制定留守老人健康保障政策提供实证参考。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样法对重庆市600名农村留守老人进行问卷调查,描述其自评健康状况,并采用有序logistic回归分析其自评健康状况的影响因素。结果 自评健康为差、一般、好的农村留守老人分别占44%、40.67%、15.33%。高家庭人均年收入（OR = 0.396,95%CI:- 1.349～- 0.505）、未购买商业健康保险（OR = 0.424,95%CI:- 1.344～- 0.370）、两周内未出现不适（OR = 0.601,95%CI:- 0.884～- 0.135）、一年内未住院（OR = 0.448,95%CI:- 1.197～- 0.406）、高BMI指数（OR = 0.406,95%CI:- 1.530～0.301）的农村留守老人自评健康更倾向于积极（OR＜1）,医疗费用负担重（OR = 2.433,95%CI:0.313～1.464）、所患慢性病数多（OR = 5.877,95%CI:1.223～2.319）和不饮酒（OR = 2.948,95%CI:0.637～1.524）的老人自评健康更倾向于消极（OR＞1）。结论 加强农村留守老人医疗卫生服务体系建设,健全农村留守老人的家庭支持和社会支持体系,积极开展农村留守老人专项健康教育行动,降低疾病风险。     

某军医大学研究生自测健康状况及其影响因素

目的了解军医大学研究生的自测健康状况及其影响因素，以便为改善该人群心理健康状况提供依据。方法选取广州市某军医大学在读硕士研究生培9名，应用自测健康评定量表、艾森克个性问卷、生活事件量表、领悟社会支持量表和简易应对方式问卷等进行调查。结果军医大学研究生的自测健康状况高于常模水平；人格的内外向和神经质维度、生活事件、社会支持、积极应对、消极应对与自测健康各子量表的得分和总分相关显著。多元回归分析结果表明：人格的内外向和神经质维度、社会支持和生活事件是影响军医大学研究生自测健康状况的主要因素。路径分析显示，情绪的稳定性是对自测健康总分有直接和间接影响的重要变量，生活事件通过人格的神经质维度间接影响健康状况的作用更明显。结论军医大学研究生的自测健康状况较好，保持情绪稳定、完善个性、寻求社会支持、减轻生活事件的影响、减少消极的应对行为是提高他们健康状况的有效途径。     

不同收入居民自测健康评定研究

目的探讨居民收入水平对自测健康的影响。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,从社区居民中选取研究对象,并运用自测健康评定量表修订版(SRHMS V1.0)收集自测健康评分,采用单因素方差分析和SNK法比较均值差异。结果不同收入人群的自测生理健康、自测心理健康、自测社会健康的各维度、3个子量表及总量表得分差异均有统计学意义(P0.001)。在自测心理健康和自测社会健康的各维度和子量表中,中上收入人群和高收入人群的得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其他各维度、子量表及总量表的每两组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.001),且随着收入增加,自测健康得分均值增加,以中上收入人群的均值最大。结论收入水平影响自测健康状况,健康教育需更多关注低收入人群。     

Socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle factors, and self-rated health among men and women in Sweden

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic conditions and lifestyle factors have been found to be related to self-rated health, which is an established predictor of morbidity and mortality. Few studies, however, have investigated the independent effect of material and psychosocial conditions as well as lifestyle factors on self-rated health. METHODS: The association between socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle factors, and self-rated health was investigated using a postal survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample of men and women aged 18-79 years during March-May 2000. The overall response rate was 65%. The area investigated covers 58 municipalities in the central part of Sweden. Multivariate odds ratios for poor self-rated health were calculated for a range of variables. A total of 36 048 subjects with full data were included in the analysis. Similar analyses of the influence of working conditions were conducted among those employed aged 18-64 years (17 820 subjects). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of poor self-rated health was 7% among men and 9% among women. Poor self-rated health was most common among persons who had been belittled, who had experienced economic hardship, who lacked social support, or who had retired early. A low educational level was independently associated with poor self-rated health among men, but not among women. Physically inactive as well as underweight and obese subjects were more likely to have poor self-rated health than other subjects. Working conditions associated with poor self-rated health were dissatisfaction with work, low job control and worry about losing one's job. CONCLUSION: While a cross-sectional study does not allow definite conclusions as to which factors are determinants and which are consequences of poor self-rated, the present findings support the notion that both psychosocial and material conditions as well as lifestyle factors are independently related with poor self-rated health.     

Poor health is associated with episodic heavy alcohol use: evidence from a National Survey

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self-rated health and episodic heavy drinking in a representative sample of American adults. We also sought to determine ethnic and gender differences in the association between self-rated health and episodic heavy drinking. METHODS: Data (n=4649) from the Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized for this investigation. Episodic heavy drinking was defined as the consumption of five or more and four or more alcoholic beverages on one occasion for men and women, respectively. Poor health was defined as answering fair or poor to the question: "Would you say your health in general is excellent, very good, good, fair or poor?" Odds ratio from the logistic linear regression analysis was used to estimate the risk for poor health that was associated with episodic heavy drinking. Statistical adjustments were made for age, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, body mass index and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Overall, episodic heavy drinking was associated with increased odds of poor self-rated health in men and women. In men, episodic heavy drinking was independently associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07-1.82) increased odds of poor health. The corresponding value in women was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.05-2.28). In men, being Black was associated with approximately two-fold (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.89), and being Hispanic was associated with approximately four-fold (OR=3.59; 95% CI: 2.50, 5.14) increased odds of poor self-rated health relative to being White. The corresponding odds ratios in women were 2.97 (95% CI: 1.90, 4.64) and 5.18 (95% CI: 3.23, 8.30). Associations were greater among blacks (adjusted OR=2.41; 95% CI: 1.81-3.22) and Hispanics (adjusted OR=4.15; 95% CI: 3.12-5.52) than among whites. CONCLUSIONS: Poor health is associated with episodic heavy alcohol consumption. Public health strategies to curb alcohol abuse may improve self-reported health status in these at-risk populations.     

Social capital, trust in the health-care system and self-rated health: the role of access to health care in a population-based study

This paper investigates the relationship between institutional trust in the health-care system, i.e. an institutional aspect of social capital, and self-rated health, and whether the strength of this association is affected by access to health-care services. The 2004 public health survey in the Scania region of Sweden is a cross-sectional study; a total of 27,963 respondents aged 18-80 years answered a postal questionnaire, which represents 59% of the random sample. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between institutional trust and self-rated health. Multivariate analyses of self-rated health were performed in order to investigate the importance of possible confounders (age, country of origin, education, economic stress, generalized trust in other people, and care-seeking behaviour) on this association. A 28.7% proportion of the men and 33.2% of the women reported poor self-rated health. A total of 15.0% and 58.3% of the respondents reported "very high" and "rather high" trust in the health-care system, respectively. Almost one-third of all respondents reported low institutional trust. Respondents born outside Sweden, with low/medium education, low generalized trust and low institutional trust had significantly higher odds ratios of poor self-rated health. Multiple adjustments for age, country of origin, education, economic stress, and horizontal trust had some effect on the significant relationship between institutional trust and poor self-rated health, for both men and women, but the additional introduction of care-seeking behaviour in the model substantially reduced the odds ratios. In conclusion, low trust in the health-care system is associated with poor self-rated health. This association may be partly mediated by "not seeking health care when needed". However, this is a cross-sectional exploratory study and the causality may go in both directions.     

中国60岁及以上男性老年人参军经历与健康的关联研究

目的 分析中国男性老年人参军经历与其健康状况的关系,以期为今后政策的制定提供借鉴.方法 数据来源于中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)2018年的调查数据.研究对象为3706位≥60岁男性老年人.身体健康由是否患慢性病和自评健康测量,心理健康由流调中心抑郁量表(Center...     

海南省百岁老人健康自评状况及其影响因素研究

目的 了解海南省百岁老人健康自评情况,探讨其相关影响因素。方法 2014年6月至2016年12月采用全样本横断面方法,对海南省18个市（县）991例百岁老人入户调查和健康查体,采集一般人口学资料、主要现患疾病、日常生活活动能力、心理健康水平、睡眠质量等资料,并采用五分类法对百岁老人健康自评。结果 991例百岁老人有157例（15.8%）健康自评为好,228例（23.0%）自评为差。多因素logistic回归显示,老人中慢性疼痛、视力障碍、抑郁、日常生活活动能力和睡眠质量自评与健康自评相关（P<0.05）。结论 海南省百岁老人健康自评为好者的比例较低,其主要影响因素为慢性疼痛、视力障碍、抑郁、睡眠质量和日常生活活动能力,应对相关因素进行综合干预。     

When mental health becomes health: age and the shifting meaning of self-evaluations of general health

Do self-evaluations of general health change as individuals age? Although several perspectives point to age-related shifts, few researchers have compared them. For this article, several competing hypotheses were tested using a large, nationally representative, and longitudinal data set. The results suggest two trends. First, the correspondence between functional limitations and self-rated health declines, especially after age 50. Similarly, the correspondence between various chronic conditions and self-rated health declines with age. These findings are consistent with social comparison theory. Yet, the results also suggest that the correspondence between depressive symptoms and self-rated health increases. Indeed, after age 74, the correspondence between self-rated health and some common symptoms of depression becomes stronger than that between self-rated health and several chronic, and often fatal, somatic conditions. This crossover has important implications for the detection and treatment of depressive symptoms in later life.     

拉萨地区藏族人群生活行为方式与自评健康状况的关联研究

目的 探讨拉萨地区藏族人群自评健康状况与常见生活行为方式暴露的关联,以期为该人群的健康促进工作提供依据。方法 选取国家重点研发计划“西南区域自然人群队列”中拉萨地区藏族人群作为研究对象,以面对面电子问卷调查方式收集自评健康状况,采用全环境关联研究（EWAS）方法,全面探讨生活行为方式因素与自评健康状况的关联。结果 6 212名藏族人群中自评健康状况非常好占9.1%,较好占55.9%,一般占28.0%,较差或很差占6.9%。EWAS框架下的有序Logistic回归分析显示偶尔饮酒（OR=0.79）、经常饮酒（OR=0.66）、膳食评分（OR=0.97）、每周业余平均锻炼时长2~3 h（OR=0.72）、每周业余平均锻炼时长>3 h（OR=0.84）人群更易有好的自评健康状况。而重度环境烟雾暴露（OR=1.52）人群自评健康状况更差。结论 藏族人群的自评健康状况总体较为乐观,多种生活行为因素与自评健康状况相关,为后续健康教育、促进方向提供理论依据。